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	Mosquitofish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mosquitofish is a small and stout, dull grey, robust fish with a rounded tail and a terminal and upward-pointing mouth adapted for feeding at the water's surface.
		The mosquitofish is also commonly known simply by its generic name, gambusia, although such usage is, to say the least, ambiguous.
		It is sometimes called the western mosquitofish, to distinguish it from the eastern mosquitofish (G.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mosquitofish (480 words)

	Benton County Mosquito Control District - Mosquitofish
		The natural range of the mosquitofish was New Jersey south to Florida and the Gulf of Mexico, and central US from southern Illinois to Alabama and Mexico.
		Mosquitofish prefer quiet, shallow ponds, lakes, ditches, drains, marshes and sluggish creeks with clear water and aquatic vegetation.
		Mosquitofish eat a variety of macro-invertebrates, including mosquito larvae, other small insect larvae, zooplankton and aquatic plants such as algae and diatoms.
	www.mosquitocontrol.org /mosquitofish.html (746 words)

	Mosquitofish
		The mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, is native to southern and eastern portions of the United States.
		Mosquitofish are intended to be used for stocking ornamental ponds, unused or "out-of-order" swimming pools, and animal water troughs.
		Recent studies suggest that mosquitofish may be reducing amphibians native to local streams including the California newt, the Pacific treefrog and the California treefrog, which is a candidate for protected status.
	www.lawestvector.org /MosquitoFish.htm (1084 words)

	Homeowner's guide to mosquitofish
		The District is always glad to provide mosquitofish, free of charge to County residents, even on repeat calls, to encourage biological control of mosquitoes in ponds and other permanent water sources.
		Mosquitofish can still be planted in ornamental fish ponds and swimming pools in urban and suburban areas without worrying about endangered species conflicts.
		Mosquitofish provided by Alameda County Mosquito Abatement District are intended for mosquito control purposes only and should not be planted in potential mosquito sources by anyone other than certified mosquito control technicians or Fish and Game personnel.
	www.mosquitoes.org /FISHPAGE.html (888 words)

	Mosquitofish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 1905 mosquitofish were transported from their native environment to New Jersey and Hawaii and also to California in 1922.
		Some typical sites where mosquitofish are used include: stock troughs, ditches, ornamental ponds, rice fields, sewage oxidation ponds, barrow pits, sumps, agricultural or irrigation seepage, and other areas where water will produce mosquito larvae for a long period of time.
		Mosquitofish are available to residents of the district from April 1st through October 1st each year, free of charge, for stocking mosquito sources.
	www.sutter-yubamvcd.org /Mosquitofish.htm (473 words)

	Mosquitofish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The mosquitofish is native to North America from southern Illinois through the Mississippi drainage to Texas, and along the Gulf of Mexico coast to the Rio Panuco basin, Mexico.
		In this study, mosquitofish were observed in almost all backwaters and sluggish waters of the Sacramento-San Joaquin estuary and river system, including foothill and midelevation reservoirs and ponds.
		Pregnant female mosquitofish were observed all year, but judging from the numbers of small juveniles taken from the lower elevations of the Sacramento- San Joaquin estuary and river system, the bulk of the local spawn occurs from April through October; spawning is at about 15.5 C (Medlen 1952).
	elib.cs.berkeley.edu /kopec/tr9/html/sp-mosquitofish.html (1021 words)

	Researchers Discover Non-Native Parasites in Mosquitofish Collected from Local Waters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While it is not native to California, mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) have been placed in local ponds in an attempt to control mosquitoes.
		Mosquitofish also have been used since the 1920s to control mosquitoes that carry a wide range of diseases such as Saint Louis Encephalitis, Western Equine Encephalitis, and Malaria.
		In many California counties, local government agencies are distributing mosquitofish to individuals for use in backyard ponds and similar bodies of water.
	www.dominican.edu /dominicannews/mosquitofish (1001 words)

	Contra Costa Mosquito & Vector Control District
		Mosquitofish are available for pickup at the District's office at 155 Mason Circle in Concord (Map) Monday through Friday (except holidays) from 8 a.m.
		Mosquitofish may be used in ornamental ponds, horse troughs, stock ponds and other artificial water bodies and may not be placed in creeks or natural ponds without a permit.
		Mosquitofish can tolerate water temperatures between 33 and 104 F, but prefer temperatures between 77 and 86 F, and are often found in the shallow unshaded region of a pond.
	www.ccmvcd.dst.ca.us /mosquitofish.htm (698 words)

	Gambusia in Guion Pond
		They might have been dumped by a fisherman, or by someone using mosquitofish for teaching or research who thought they were being "kind" to the fish by releasing them, or by someone nervous about mosquitos as vectors of West Nile Virus.
		Mosquitofish are hardy, prolific little fish capable of producing large populations in a short time.
		Mosquitofish are surface feeders on a wide array of crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small vertebrates.
	nature.sbc.edu /animals/gambusia.html (1038 words)

	Effluents and Mosquitofish
		Mosquitofish are sexually dimorphic and exhibit maturation-dependent secondary sex characteristics: adult males have an elongated anal fin/gonopodium, whereas females exhibit a gender specific anal/gravid spot and urogenital papilla.
		Normally mosquitofish are sexually dimorphic with maturation-dependent secondary sexual characteristics: males having a projection of the anal fin called the gonopodium, and females having an anal/gravid spot and a urogenital papilla.
		Upon termination of exposure, surviving mosquitofish were preserved and morphological parameters were measured equivalent to those described for the field collection.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /posters/Ecotoxicology/Effluents_and_Mosquitofish/effluents_and_mosquitofish.html (1120 words)

	BYU study: Mosquitofish are killing a native Utah fish :: The Daily Herald, Provo Utah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Because the decline of the least chub seemed to correspond to the introduction of the mosquitofish around the state, Rader designed an experiment to examine how the foreign mosquitofish interacted with the native least chub.
		Rader suspected mosquitofish were devouring the least chub, but to confirm his suspicions both types of fish were placed in a laboratory aquarium at BYU for observation along with other least chub predators like waterbugs and dragonfly nymphs.
		Because mosquitofish may be responsible for the near-demise of least chub in Utah, Radar and others are calling for another look at the way mosquitofish are used -- and where they are released into the wild.
	old.heraldextra.com /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=37986 (776 words)

	SOFIA - Pop. Structure & Spatial Delineation on Consumer Communities in ENP - Abstract
		They are the study of (1) intraguild predation with mosquitofish, (2) the effects of predation by mosquitofish and bluefin killifish on nesting successes of sunfish, and (3) the effects of nutrient level and primary production on population growth of small-sized fish.
		Mosquitofish were chosen as the focus of our first experiment because they are ubiquitous, and are notorious as a predator of larval and juvenile fish and invertebrates.
		Mosquitofish are omnivores, and so may regulate the growth of periphyton directly, or influence it indirectly by feeding on other grazers.
	sofia.usgs.gov /projects/consume_comm/consumecommabsfrsf2.html (974 words)

	Utah Division of Wildlife Resources
		Problems occur when people release mosquitofish into waters that are occupied by native aquatic species, or that would be good waters to reintroduce native species into, or when mosquitofish escape into these waters on their own.
		Spotted frogs may be especially susceptible to predation by mosquitofish because the frogs emerge from the egg at a very small size.
		Mosquitofish also pose a threat to least chub, which are currently restricted almost exclusively to a few locations in the Snake Valley in west-central Utah and in two spring complexes in Juab County.
	www.wildlife.utah.gov /news/03-06/mosquito_fish.html (580 words)

	NAS - Species FactSheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mosquitofish were commonly and widely introduced during the following decades by such organizations as the former U.S. Public Health Service, in large part because they were thought of as an effective and inexpensive means of combating malaria (Krumholz 1948).
		Introduced mosquitofish have been particularly destructive in the American West where they have contributed to the elimination or decline of populations of federally endangered and threatened species (Courtenay and Meffe 1989).
		Mosquitofish are known to prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishes, including those of largemouth bass and common carp; they are also known to prey on adults of smaller species (Meffe 1985; Courtenay and Meffe 1989).
	nas.er.usgs.gov /queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=849 (1751 words)

	The Mosquitofish
		It is the Mosquitofish, or Gambusia, one of the little topminnows or killifishes, and a near relative of the guppies, swordtails and moons -- popular aquarium fishes also from warmer climates.
		It is called the mosquitofish because, more than any other kind, it regularly feeds among trash and vegetation in shallow water and along shores where mosquitoes breed.
		Mosquitofish have upturned mouths, and they work along the surface, gobbling down mosquito eggs, larvae and pupae.
	www.newton.dep.anl.gov /natbltn/100-199/nb182.htm (663 words)

	issg Database: Ecology of Gambusia affinis
		Mosquitofish are a remarkably hardy species, surviving in waters with little oxygen, in high salinities (including twice that of sea water) and temperatures of up to 42°C for short periods (McCullough, 1998).
		Mosquitofish are potential hosts of helminth parasites, which have been transmitted to native fishes (FishBase, 2003).
		Several times a year mosquitofish produce moderate numbers of young, which are protected by the mother but which become immediately independent.
	www.issg.org /database/species/ecology.asp?si=126&fr=1&sts= (721 words)

	County of York - EDS - Mosquito Control Fish Hatchery
		The mosquitofish thrives in a wide variety of water types, being very tolerant of high water temperatures as well as very low dissolved oxygen levels.
		Mosquitofish give birth to an average of 40-100 live fry, each of which is approximately 3/8" in length.
		Not all bodies of water are suitable for introduction of mosquitofish (lakes, ponds and streams generally are not considered as major sources of mosquito breeding).
	www.yorkcounty.gov /eds/fishhatchery.htm (658 words)

	Mosquitofish (Gambrusia affinis) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mosquitofish are members of the family Poeciliidae, which are the only live bearing fishes in Alabama.
		Able to swallow atmospheric air, Mosquitofish are able to live in marginal environments, where mosquitoes often breed, and their larvae become prominent food for Mosquitofish.
		Due to these traits, Mosquitofish are said to be the most widely introduced species and one of the world's most widely spread species.
	www.blackwarriorriver.org /mosquitofish.htm (125 words)

	Press Releases: Vector Control Gives Away Free Mosquitofish - Contra Costa Health Services
		Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) have a huge appetite for mosquito larvae - an adult fish can eat as many as 500 larvae a day - and are therefore an excellent biological tool for mosquito control.
		Bass recommends that horse troughs also be stocked with mosquitofish, adding that horse populations in other states were hit hard by the virus, and that having mosquitofish in their water supply is not an equine health hazard.
		Albino mosquitofish have an unusual and beautiful yellowish-white color, and are valued as a more ornamental alternative to standard mosquitofish.
	www.cchealth.org /press_releases/mosquito_fish_2003_06.php (405 words)

	New York's Unusual Fish-- Part II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mosquitofish are the only freshwater fish in the state that give birth to their young rather than laying eggs.
		Mosquitofish were first introduced into New York's waters as a biological control for mosquitoes.
		Although they look similar to female mosquitofish, killifish differ by having a series of 12 to 20 dark vertical bars on their sides.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/fish/fishspecs/unu2text.html (1580 words)

	Marin Independent Journal - West Nile strategy backfiring, Dominican study says
		Research conducted at Dominican University on samples of mosquitofish collected from waters in Marin and Sonoma counties reveals the presence of non-native parasites that could infect other fish, amphibians, and fish-eating birds native to Bay Area rivers and streams.
		Mosquitofish have been used in California since the 1920s to control mosquitoes that carry diseases such as encephalitis and malaria.
		Mosquitofish have been found in streams in the area, according to researchers.
	www.marinij.com /ci_3639259 (653 words)

	Response of mosquitofish to thermal effluent.
		Reproductive activity, sex ratios, size at sexual maturity, percentage of fat, and size structure were examined in five populations of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from lentic environments experiencing different thermal conditions at the Savannah River Plant near Aiken, S.C. Populations were sampled during February, June, October, and December 1970.
		Mosquitofish from three thermally affected stations inhabited waters from 28 to 40ºC, whereas mosquitofish at the unaffected stations were found in waters from 12 to 29ºC. Periods of reproductive activity were different for thermally affected and unaffected populations.
		Females with eyed embryos were found in mosquitofish populations from unaffected waters in June; eyed embryos were found in the affected populations throughout the study period.
	www.uga.edu /srel/Reprint/0620.htm (234 words)

	eastern mosquitofish
		The Eastern Mosquitofish is small, only growing up to 1 1/2 inches long.
		People have been using mosquitofish for some time to try to control mosquito populations.
		Since mosquitofish are aggressive, they will eat the eggs and young of other species of mosquito-killing animals, such as fish and frogs.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/eastern_mosquitofish.htm (314 words)

	Mosquitofish Papermill Methodology
		Eastern mosquitofish were collected using a backpack electroshocker and dip nets at five sites in and around Rice Creek, the receiving stream of effluent from the Georgia-Pacific Palatka, FL, operation.
		Mosquitofish have been proposed as bioindicators of papermill effluent exposure (Bortone and Davis 1994, Cody and Bortone 1997).
		To determine the influence of preservation state, observer bias, and instrument bias on gender identification, anal fin length, and body measurements in Eastern mosquitofish exposed to papermill effluents.
	cars.er.usgs.gov /posters/Ecotoxicology/Mosquitofish_Papermill_Methodology/mosquitofish_papermill_methodology.html (700 words)

	LiveScience.com - Well Endowed Fish Get the Girls
		Mosquitofish bear their young live, bypassing the whole egg-in-the-gravel hassle.
		The study involved mosquitofish from two places, one where there were predators and one without.
		A mosquitofish male that had no predator (top) impresses one that had predators (bottom).
	www.livescience.com /animalworld/050511_fish_organs.html (677 words)

	Biologybase: Keeping Gambusia affinis, the Western Mosquitofish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The western mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, is one of the easiest to keep livebearers I have had experience with.
		Mosquitofish do tend to replace native fishes where it is introduced, but probably through competition for food, but through aggression.
		I collected my stock of mosquitofish in a small lake near my home in northcentral Mississippi, where they were apparently introduced sometime ago for pest control.
	www.interaktv.com /fishanat/Gambusiaaffinis.html (958 words)

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