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Topic: Mossadeq

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	Iran - MOSSADEQ AND OIL NATIONALIZATION
		Mossadeq had come to office on the strength of support from the National Front and other parties in the Majlis and as a result of his great popularity.
		Mossadeq's support in the lower house of the Majlis (also called the Majlis) was dwindling, however, so on August 3, 1953, the prime minister organized a plebiscite for the dissolution of the Majlis, claimed a massive vote in favor of the proposal, and dissolved the legislative body.
		Mossadeq was sentenced to three years' imprisonment for trying to overthrow the monarchy, but he was subsequently allowed to remain under house arrest in his village outside Tehran until his death in 1967.
	countrystudies.us /iran/17.htm (931 words)

	Mohammad Mossadeq, the Nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the Attempted Overthrow of the Shah
		Mohammed Mossadeq was a member of ruling elite of Tehran and Mossadeq had distinguished career in public office long before he rose to prominence in the period of World War II.
		When Mossadeq was made Minister of War he immediately started replacing the officers of the high command who were loyal to the Shah with ones who were loyal to him.
		Mossadeq was tried and convicted of treason and sentenced to three years in prison and house arrest for the rest of his life.
	www.applet-magic.com /mossadeq.htm (950 words)

	Behnoud.com
		Mossadeq had studied law and was from a well-known disciplined aristocratic family, faithful to their homeland.
		Mossadeq considered this opposition useful as it granted immunity to the nationalist movement in the eyes of the Westerners while at the same time proved the independence of this movement.
		In his turn, Mossadeq was now suspicious of everybody around him and in search of discipline regarded himself independent of all, depending only on the support of the people as he recorded in his writings.
	behnoud.com /articles/mord.htm (2712 words)

	Robert Fisk: Another Fine Mess
		But Mossadeq did have one thing in common with the Iraqi dictator: he was the victim of a long campaign of personal abuse by his international opponents.
		When Woodhouse took up his job at the embassy, the plot to overthrow Mossadeq and give the oil fields back to the AIOC was in the hands of a British diplomat called Robin Zaehner, later a professor of Eastern religions at Oxford.
		Mossadeq rejected the last proposals for a settlement by the AIOC and threatened the Shah - who had already left Iran.
	www.informationclearinghouse.info /article4588.htm (1717 words)

	The Tragedy of Iran
		Mohammed Mossadeq was born on May 19, 1882, the son of a Qajar princess and an Iranian finance minister.
		Mossadeq was again elected to parliament after fraudulent ballots were disqualied.
		Mossadeq was now providing the backbone with which Iran would attempt to reclaim its self-destiny.
	wdjiii.tripod.com /id24.html (2405 words)

	Sobaka :: Iran Contra: Iranian Beginnings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Nevertheless, Mossadeq ordered troops return to barracks at 10 AM on the 17th, and then read off a list of names of people he suspected were involved in the coup.
		Mossadeq was on the run as the crowds moved through the city towards his house.
		Mossadeq remained under house arrest until his death in 1967, and Foreign Minister Fatemi was executed for his role in opposing the coup.
	www.diacritica.com /sobaka/2003/iciran.html (3111 words)

	The Next Hurrah: TPAJAX Turns 52. Fallout Still Sizzling.
		Mossadeq soon found himself accepting the prime ministership, whereupon the company was nationalized, and the British began planning an invasion to institute regime change, which Harry Truman refused to support, and then a coup, which Truman refused to countenance.
		Compliant newspapers published stories saying the coup had actually been an attempt by Mossadeq to get rid of the Shah, commanders of small military outposts in the capital were bribed, more “fl” street protests were organized (with communist chants, attacks on bystanders and gunshots at mosques all part of their menu).
		Mossadeq soon surrendered, was tried and confined first to his home and then to his village for the rest of his life.
	thenexthurrah.typepad.com /the_next_hurrah/2005/08/tpajax_turns_52.html (4420 words)

	A Persian Tragedy: Mossadeq's Fight for National Sovereignty
		The exception to the rule was Mohammad Mossadeq, who, because of his fine understanding of the British, shaped by an in-depth study of history, succeeded in the fight for national independence, through the nationalization of the country's oil industry and the expulsion of the British from the land.
		Mossadeq was right: During the Summer, the British slapped sanctions on Iran, confiscated Iranian assets, sabotaged the Abadan refinery, and blocked Iran's trade with European nations.
		Mossadeq, though plagued by serious illness for most of his life, never capitulated, and was ready to die for his cause.
	www.larouchepub.com /other/2005/3243_mossadeq.html (11701 words)

	"What a wonderful...pack of lies" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The clip of the tired old man stumbling about would lead one to think that Mossadeq was unfairly targeted and subsequently bullied but in reality this very beginning panel is a gross misstatement of fact, and a blatant attempt at what can only be described as revisionist history.
		Once back in power, Mossadeq openly declared himself to be a communist and moved to implement a series of foolish nationalization schemes that threw out western investment and badly crippled Iran's economy, creating tripple-digit inflation.
		NATO, led by the United States and Great Britain, were clearly distressed at the antics of Mossadeq, both for his illegal seizure of western assets, and his clearly-stated intentions of transforming Iran into a radical socialist republic, presumably with close supervision from Moscow.
	www.slimindustries.com /~bowling/bowlingforcolumbine/montage.htm (3571 words)

	"We Know What a Coup Looks Like" - Venezuela
		Mossadeq also had such information, and somehow was prepared to counter the coup and ordered the arrest of a senior coup plotter.
		During the reign of Reza Shah, Mossadeq was for many years under house arrest until the occupation of Iran during World War II by the allied forces and the subsequent expulsion of Reza Shah from Iran.
		Mossadeq's only hope was to maintain the momentum of nationalist movement, with its built-in anti-British stance, in order to minimize his government against orchestrated parliamentary machination and other activities sponsored by the British and the Court.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /South_America/WhatCoupLooksLIke_Venez.html (5801 words)

	FlyingFish - Times - Kermit Roosevelt: Mastermind of the CIA coup that put the Shah of Iran back on his Peacock Throne ...
		In 1952 Mossadeq nationalised Iran's (mainly British-owned) oil resources, an action which put him beyond the pale with the Americans, who swiftly came to regard him as being the thin end of one of the Cold War's many wedges.
		Mossadeq and ministers and officers loyal to him were arrested, and on August 19, just three days after his flight, the Shah was able to return in triumph to his capital, where he later expressed his heartfelt gratitude to his saviour.
		Mossadeq was more fortunate than many of his officers and his Foreign Minister, who were shot.
	www.flyingfish.org.uk /articles/rushdie/00-06-16tim.htm (999 words)

	The Iranian: News & Views
		Nowhere is this more evident than in the accelerating revival of the late Mohammad Mossadeq, the former prime minister who nationalised British oil interests, advocated a policy of non-alignment and steadily undermined the pro-Western shah only to be brought down by a CIA coup in 1953.
		Mossadeq, a seasoned politician with royal blood, has long posed a problem for Iran's clerical establishment: his nationalist and anti-colonialist credentials were impeccable but his lack of religious zeal and open clashes with senior clerics have seen him banished to revisionist limbo.
		``Mossadeq's message is alive and no one can eradicate it from the mind of society,'' said Ebrahim Yazdi, veteran head of the banned but tolerated Iran Freedom Movement and one of the organisers of the commemoration.
	www.iranian.com /News/March99/mossadegh.html (887 words)

	Mohammed Mossadegh - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fazlollah Zahedi was to prove that they had betted on the right horse, afterall he had fallen out with Mossadeq and resigned from his post as minister of the interior, as well as having been briefly detained already on suspicions of planning a coup of his own, by Mossadeq's orders in February of 1953.
		A tearful Dr. Mossadeq was received in dignity however and placed under arrest in a comfortable apartment [4] at the Officers' Club and transferred to a military jail shortly after.
		Shortly after the return of the Shah on 22 August 1953 from the brief selfimposed exile in Rome, Mossadeq was tried by a military tribunal for high treason.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mohammed_Mossadeq (2398 words)

	Guardian \| Back to the future
		Mossadeq died in 1967, a virtual prisoner after being put under house arrest by the shah and forbidden to leave his home village of Ahmad Abad.
		Situated inside a walled compound off a dirt-track street, the two-storey clay brick house where he spent the last decade of his life is a place of frequent pilgrimage to liberals and secularists.
		"Mossadeq went to the UN and declared that, until then, Iran hadn't been adult but now it had reached adulthood and it no longer wanted to give its oil away," said Ali Akbar Talabi, 73, who served as the former prime minister's accountant.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,329434774-111322,00.html (868 words)

	(10/26/2001) Why They Hate Us, Part II
		Mossadeq kept pushing for more reform and demanded that the military turn control of the nation over to elected officals.
		Mossadeq was pro-American, and thought it vital for the U.S. to have a role in reshaping Iran into a democratic and independent nation.
		The Mossadeq supporters and the Mossadeq protesters were exactly the same people, all hired by CIA agent Kermit Roosevelt.
	www.monitor.net /monitor/0110a/islamwest2.html (3087 words)

	Iran - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After World War II During World War II, Iran, as it had become known, was occupied by British, US, and Soviet troops until 1946.
		Anti-British and anti-American feeling grew, and in 1951 the newly elected prime minister, Dr Muhammad Mossadeq, obtained legislative approval for the nationalization of Iran's largely foreign-owned petroleum industry.
		With US intervention, he was deposed in a 1953 coup, and the dispute over nationalization was settled the following year when oil-drilling concessions were granted to a consortium of eight companies.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Iran (2743 words)

	America, Iran, and Operation Ajax: The Burden of the Past by Steven LaTulippe
		With Mossadeq leading the charge against Iran’s economic master, the Majlis, on March 15, boldly nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil CompanyOn April 29, the same Majlis elected Muhammad Mossadeq prime minister.
		While the shah sat on the throne as a mere shadow, Muhammad Mossadeq basked in the acclaim of the vast majority of Iranians, who for the first time in decades gave their genuine respect, devotion, and loyalty to their recognized leader.
		While I certainly don’t condone his socialistic tendencies or his seizure of the oilfields, it is undeniable that by the time of his elevation to prime minister, Mossadeq had the backing of the overwhelming majority of the Iranian population.
	www.lewrockwell.com /latulippe/latulippe41.html (1073 words)

	Necessary Illusions: Appendix V [8/33]
		Mossadeq became Prime Minister in 1951, heading the nationalist bloc, committed to the nationalization of Iranian oil.
		Our assumptions would lead us to predict that Mossadeq would pass from insignificance to the devil category as the United States determined to overthrow him, while the Shah, generally supportive of U.S. goals, would be a hero until the Peacock Throne began to totter, at which point other devils would arise.
		As the United States geared up to overthrow the Mossadeq government, his media image deteriorated and he was routinely condemned as a dictator.
	www.zmag.org /chomsky/ni/ni-c10-s08.html (876 words)

	George W
		The flashpoint was Mossadeq’s nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which was 51% British-owned and which extracted and sold Iranian oil at 84% of profits compared to the 16% that went to the Iranians.
		In describing Mossadeq, the “communist danger,” and the threat of a Soviet takeover, Kermit Roosevelt says in his memoir: “The British motivation was simply to recover the AOIC oil concession.
		Eisenhower said Mossadeq was “the only hope for the West in Iran.” “I would like to give the guy ten million bucks,” Ike once said to British Ambassador Anthony Eden, who was attempting to broach the subject of the proposed coup.
	www.blogstudio.com /Polis/presidentGeorgeW2.htm (2655 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mossadeq was again elected to parliament after fraudulent ballots were disqualified.
		Throughout WW II, Mossadeq fought against foreign presence in Iran and was outspoken about matters of Iranian oil.
		The CIA's overthrow of Dr. Mossadeq was the first time the CIA engaged in such an action and served as a blueprint for subsequent similar American operations in other countries over the following decades.
	gorodetzky.com /iran.html (2629 words)

	Words Without Borders -> from The Moon and the Leopard
		Mossadeq’s flamboyant and eccentric style contributed in no small part to the heroic dimensions of his image in the hearts of Iranians, and to his Western opponents’ frustration.
		In portraying the machinations of the CIA-led coup that toppled Mossadeq, Mofid is less concerned to point the finger at foreign evil—an angle perhaps more interesting to Americans, but too patently obvious to Iranians—than to explore the fault lines of corruption and conservatism in Iranian society that were so easily exploited by the CIA.
		In allegorizing Mossadeq’s fall as a tragedy of impossible love, Mofid was tapping into the rich tradition of classical Persian poetry where romantic love is so often a metaphor for aspiration to the divine.
	www.wordswithoutborders.org /article.php?lab=Moon (1488 words)

	Ajaban - US Foreign Relations Museum on the Mall
		However, the Mossadeq story is a good place to start, and will be an important component of the Foreign Policy Museum.
		So, in fact, Mossadeq's story is American history, it's a chapter of that history that is about a perversion of democracy.
		In a sense, the Mossadeq episode is where democracy was hijacked by the American government, where Iran was betrayed, and where the vision of good relations between countries became murky.
	www.ajaban.com /usvsme/museum (1691 words)

	Chapter Twenty - Crude
		And humiliating Mossadeq at this critical juncture could destabilize the entire Middle East, he thought."Hmmmm..." he said aloud.
		If Mossadeq goes, how can we guarantee that the Communists won't move in to pick up the pieces?" He glared for a moment at Dulles, refusing to be bullied into accepting their decision.
		When Mossadeq seized the British oil concessions, he made himself the problem." Dulles stopped, satisfied that he had made his point.
	www.edwardjayepstein.com /crude/chap20.htm (931 words)

	The Truth Seeker - Another Fine Mess
		"Regime change" hadn't attracted President Truman, but when Eisenhower arrived at the White House in 1953, the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadeq's democratically elected government was concocted by the CIA with the help of Woodhouse, an urbane Greek scholar and ex- guerrilla fighter and Britain's top spy in Tehran.
		They talked about his "yellow" face, of how his nose was always running, and the French writer Gerard de Villiers described Mossadeq as "a pint-sized trouble-maker" with the "agility of a goat".
		He issued a "firman" dismissing Mossadeq as prime minister and, when Mossadeq refused to obey, the mobs that Roosevelt and Woodhouse had organised duly took to the streets of Tehran.
	www.thetruthseeker.co.uk /article.asp?ID=1049 (1675 words)

	War In Afghanistan
		Imagine if the Western-educated Mossadeq, a charismatic leader who was massively backed in Iran by a burgeoning middle class, had been allowed to peacefully lead his country to become the first truly Muslim democracy in the Middle East.
		Had the coup never taken place, Iran probably would have gone on to build a sturdy, inclusive democracy that would have brought about a far more durable stability than what the shah--forever tainted in the eyes of his people as a weak, easily manipulated Western puppet--ever managed to deliver.
		Indeed, the shah saw in the conservative ayatollahs the perfect partners against the radicalism of the left and the liberalism of the middle class.
	www.zmag.org /bouzidlat.htm (725 words)

	Chapter Eleven - Crude
		He noticed that Mossadeq clutched a bottle of heart stimulant in his left hand, as if he were expecting an attack at any moment.
		Steer couldn't understand what Mossadeq was saying, but there was no doubt in his mind that the hearts of the people of Iran belonged to Mossadeq.
		Mossadeq took a typed, three-page letter out of his briefcase and handed it to Steer.
	edwardjayepstein.com /crude/chap11.htm (1381 words)

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