Most favoured nation

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Topic: Most favoured nation

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	Most favoured nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most favoured nation (MFN), also called normal trade relations in the United States, is a status accorded by one nation to another in international trade.
		Most favored nation relationships contrast with reciprocal relationships, since in reciprocal relationships a particular privilege granted by one party only extends to other parties who reciprocate that privilege, rather than to all parties with which it has a most favoured nation agreement.
		In the 1990s continued most favoured nation status for the People's Republic of China sparked U.S. controversy because of its sales of sensitive military technology and its use of prison labor, and its most favoured nation status was only made permanent in 2000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Most_Favoured_Nation (520 words)

	VN Embassy : Ordinance on 25 May 02 on MFN & NT in International Commerce
		Most favoured nation [“MFN”] treatment and national treatment [“NT”] shall not apply in cases where it is necessary to protect national defence interests and national security; to preserve national cultural values and the national spirit; to protect people’s health; to protect plants, animals and the environment; and to prevent acts of commercial fraud.
		“Most favoured nation treatment in commercial goods” means treatment not less favourable than the treatment Vietnam accords to imported goods originating from any one country in comparison to similar imported goods originating from third countries, or to goods exported to any one country in comparison to similar goods exported to third countries.
		“Most favoured nation treatment in investment” means treatment not less favourable than the treatment Vietnam accords to investment and investors of any one country in comparison to investment and investors of third countries in similar conditions.
	www.vietnamembassy-usa.org /news/story.php?datestamp=20021003151501&print=yes (2063 words)

	Most favoured nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most favoured nation (or most favored nation, MFN) is a term used in international trade, referring to a relationship between nations as trade partners â”a status of legal equity whereby protectionist import tarrifs are removed, and an equilibrium is sought between the the trade between them.
		Most favoured nation clauses are generally subject to exceptions for free trade areas and customs unions.
		If a country has been given most favoured nation status by a trading partner, its exports to that partner will face tariffs that are no higher and no lower than tariffs faced by any other country that has been given most favoured nation status by that same trading partner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Most-favored_nation (2063 words)

	WTO Understanding the WTO - principles of the trading system
		This principle of “national treatment” (giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals) is also found in all the three main WTO agreements (Article 3 of GATT, Article 17 of GATS and Article 3 of TRIPS), although once again the principle is handled slightly differently in each of these.
		National treatment only applies once a product, service or item of intellectual property has entered the market.
		The regular surveillance of national trade policies through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism provides a further means of encouraging transparency both domestically and at the multilateral level.
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/whatis_e/tif_e/fact2_e.htm (1664 words)

	The most-favoured-nation clause (from international trade) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The most-favoured-nation (MFN) clause binds a country to apply to its partner country any lower rate of import duties that it may later grant to imports from some other country.
		guarantee of trading opportunity equal to that accorded to the most-favoured nation; it is essentially a method of establishing equality of trading opportunity among states by making originally bilateral agreements multilateral.
		It was founded in 1920 as part of the settlement that ended World War I. Weakened from the start by the refusal of the United States to join, the organization proved ineffective in defusing the hostilities that led to World War II in 1939.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-61720 (859 words)

	Most favoured nation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If a country has been given most favoured nation status by a trading partner, its exports to that partner will face tariffs that are no higher and no lower than tariffs faced by any other country that has been given most favoured nation status by that same trading partner.
		In the 1990s continued most favoured nation status for China sparked U.S. controversy because of its sales of sensitive military technology and its use of prison labor, and its most favoured nation status was only made permanent in 2000.
		Most favoured nation (MFN, called normal trade relations in the USA) is a status accorded by one nation to another in international trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Most_favoured_nation (672 words)

	BH209.txt
		The preferential arrangements referred to in paragraph 5 (b) of Article XIV are those existing in the United Kingdom on April 10, 1947, under contractual agreements with the Governments of Canada, Australia and New Zealand, in respect of chilled and frozen beef and veal, frozen mutton and lamb, chilled and frozen pork, and bacon.
		The application of the principle underlying this paragraph to any contracting party which is not a Member of the International Trade Organization shall be the subject of an agreement pursuant to paragraph 5 of this Article.
		The United Nations is authorized to effect registration of this Agreement as soon as it enters into force.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /multi/texts/BH209.txt (8400 words)

	U.S. - Denial of MFN Treatment to Brazil (DS18/R - 39S/128) /B
		If such a balancing were accepted, it would entitle a contracting party to derogate from the most-favoured-nation obligation in one case, in respect of one contracting party, on the ground that it accords more favourable treatment in some other case in respect of another contracting party.
		In recent years the most significant reason had been preferences: the United States Generalized System of Preferences, the Caribbean Basin Initiative, the Free Trade Area between Israel and the United States, and the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States.
		A previous panel rejected a similar "balancing" argument in the context of the national treatment obligation in Article III:4.
	www.sice.oas.org /dispute/gatt/91NRUBE2.asp (5202 words)

	Most favoured nation clause Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com
		A most favoured nation (MFN) clause is a clause in a trade agreement between two nations providing that each will extend to the other any trading privileges it extends to third nations.
		MFN clauses are generally subject to exceptions for free trade areas and customs unions.
		One of the basic principles of the WTO is that each party extends to all other parties MFN status.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/most_favoured_nation_clause.html (170 words)

	The Nation
		Official further disclosed that Pakistan and Malaysia might sign MFN on reciprocal basis that would be beneficial equally for the companies and investors of the two brethren nations.
		The Nation learnt that Pakistan and Malaysia are also giving final shape to the list of around three hundred items to be traded under the proposed Free Trade Agreement.
		He said that beside other economic issues, the MFN and NT would be taken up by the top officials of both the countries during the upcoming visit of Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz to Malaysia in October.
	www.nation.com.pk /daily/aug-2005/26/bnews1.php (569 words)

	Most Favoured Nation Customs Duty Act (May 2000)
		The Most Favoured Nation customs duty shall be paid by the declarant or the person on whose behalf the declarant presents the goods to be declared and completes a customs declaration.
		(1) The Most Favoured Nation customs duty is a state tax based on the customs value of goods which is imposed on goods conveyed into the customs territory of Estonia under the customs procedure “import for free circulation”.
		(2) The Most Favoured Nation customs duty is imposed on goods which originate from foreign states except on goods which, pursuant to an international agreement, are not subject to customs duty.
	www.legaltext.ee /text/en/X40013.htm (2163 words)

	“National Treatment and Most Favoured Nation Treatment Principle” principles enshrined in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramus
		Preville says notwithstanding the ‘Most Favoured Nation Treatment Principle” where a group of countries have formed themselves into one bloc, the ‘Most Favoured Nation Treatment Principle Nation” was waived.
		Preville, is that of the “National Treatment and Most Favoured Nation Treatment Principle.”
		“National Treatment and Most Favoured Nation Treatment Principle” principles enshrined in the Revised Treaty of Chaguaramus
	www.stlucia.gov.lc /pr2005/may/national_treatment_and_most_favoured_nation_treatment_principle_principles_enshrined_in_the_revised_treaty_of_chaguaramus.htm (192 words)

	rediff.com: India to push for MFN status at Pak summit: Reuters
		India will ask Pakistan at their summit next month for a pledge to grant it most favoured nation trading status as part of a push to help normalise ties between the two nations, Union Minister of State for Commerce and Industry Omar Abdullah said.
		India granted Pakistan most favoured nation status in 1995, but Pakistan never reciprocated.
		Most trade between the two takes place through a third country or via smuggling that brings no revenue to the governments of either India or Pakistan.
	www.rediff.com /money/2001/jun/29mfn.htm (461 words)

	Culture, Trade and Globalization: What does "Most Favoured Nation" mean?
		"Most favoured nation" (MFN) means that every time a member state improves the benefits that it gives to one trading partner, it has to give the same "best" treatment to all other WTO members, so that they remain equal.
		Culture, Trade and Globalization: What does "Most Favoured Nation" mean?
		Countries are to grant equal treatment – not more favourable or discriminatory – to goods and services from all WTO members.
	www.unesco.org /culture/industries/trade/html_eng/question11.shtml (299 words)

	Most favoured nation and general tariffs
		The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Tariff Treatment is extended to all countries that have tariff arrangements with Canada.
		To qualify for Most Favoured Nation Tariff Treatment, at least 50% of the cost of production must occur in an MFN beneficiary and the goods must be finished in an MFN beneficiary country in the same form they are imported into Canada.
		Goods that do not satisfy the MFN rules of origin and goods that originate in countries not set out in the List of Countries of the Customs Tariff are subject to the General Tariff rate of customs duties.
	www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca /eservices/bis/bis96-e.html (177 words)

	MAI summary
		The "most favoured nation" provision require governments to treat all foreign countries and all foreign investors equally with respect to regulatory laws.
		Standstill freezes the principles of national treatment and most favoured nation at their current level.
		This provision requires national and subnational governments to eliminate laws, either immediately or over a period of time, that violate MAI rules.
	www.lalabor.org /mai_summary.html (648 words)

	GATS: Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment
		The Most-Favoured-Nation principle is one of the most important principles of the GATS.
		The obligation to apply MFN treatment does not, however, prevent adjacent countries from exchanging advantages in order to facilitate exchanges of services limited to contiguous frontier zones where such services are locally produced and consumed.
		The purpose of such exemptions is to permit the grant of more favourable treatment to some countries than to Members in general, but this is intended to be temporary.
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/whatis_e/eol/e/wto06/wto6_14.htm (276 words)

	GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES
		The most- favoured- nation treatment (MFN) is a general obligation applying to all services sectors and one of the most important pillars for achieving trade liberalization in the multilateral trading system.
		Most developing countries are not in a position to benefit from the commercial presence mode of supply, given the high cost of establishment in developed countries and the weaknesses of the developing countries' firms in terms of financial and human capital and access to distribution networks and information channels and technology.
		The emphasis of most commitments put forward by all countries including the developed countries is on commercial presence mode of supply and movement of persons in the form of intra-corporate transferees.
	www.southcentre.org /publications/gats/gats-04.htm (4312 words)

	BERNARD, SAINT - Online Information article about BERNARD, SAINT
		The growth of national kingdoms, the anti-clerical tendencies of the emancipated middle classes, the competition of lay imperialisms, and all the other elements of resistance which had been encountered by the papacy in its progress and had at first' tended only to shackle it, now presented an insurmountable barrier.
		the election of this man was the most unfortunate.
		One nation onlythe France of Philip Augustuswas able to remain outside the Roman vassalage.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /BEC_BER/BERNARD_SAINT.html (4312 words)

	Pak sets terms for MFN status for India: South Asia : Hindustan Times.com
		Khan said the issue of most favoured nation status was among those being discussed by a joint study group headed by the commerce ministers of the two countries.
		Pakistan is not averse to extending the most favoured nation (MFN) status to India but such a trade privilege could be given only if a level playing field is assured, Pakistan Trade Minister Humayun A Khan said on Friday.
		"The question you have in India, as we have in Pakistan, is why we are not giving most favoured nation status to India when India has given us the same.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/7598_1285544,000500020009.htm (391 words)

	The Nation
		“When India is not interested in getting the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) status from Pakistan, we too don’t need to discuss and consider this option,” he added.
		“Neither Pakistan is considering the idea of giving MFN status to India, nor the later country is seeking this favour,” Federal Secretary Commerce Asif Shah disclosed this in an exclusive interview to The Nation.
		In 1950 India gave MFN to Pakistan and since then the balance of trade between the two countries is largely in favour of the neighbouring country, he said, adding as India is already getting a significant benefit from bilateral trade, the said country don’t need MFN status.
	www.nation.com.pk /daily/jan-2006/3/index5.php (426 words)

	sfinal.htm
		Which of the following is true of Article I of the GATT, the Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clause?
		all WTO members receive the same tariff rates as the most favoured nation
		WTO members must import from only the most favoured nation
	pacific.commerce.ubc.ca /john/baim503/sfinal.htm (704 words)

	News from Bulgaria, 96-09-30
		The permanent most favoured nation status becomes effective on the date of publishing the decision in the US Federal Register.
		The most favoured nation status guarantees that Bulgaria will not be discriminated in trade, the Bulgarian Embassy says.
		In his view, the measures implemented by the National Bank of Bulgaria (raising the base interest rate from 108 to 300 percent and placing nine banks in trouble under special supervision) are just the necessary ones.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/bta/1996/96-09-30.bta.html (2903 words)

	Guardian Unlimited The Guardian Tanks and concrete barricades change the face of UK embassies
		Most British embassies are situated in the centre of capitals.
		It is closed now, as planned, for the Muslim Eid holiday.
		Diplomats prefer this, believing it encourages more interaction with the resident population.
	www.guardian.co.uk /international/story/0,3604,1094875,00.html (721 words)

	World Trade Organization Toolkit - ADB.org
		The Most-Favoured-Nation (MFN) principle as laid down in Article I of the GATT means that each Contracting Party must grant to every other Contracting Party the most favorable treatment that it grants to any country with respect to imports and exports of products.
		A straightforward example of a violation of the national treatment principle is the imposition of stricter technical standards for imported goods than for like domestic goods.
		In other words, Members are prevented from adopting internal or domestic policies designed to favour their domestic producers vis-à-vis foreign producers of a given product, even though the latter may all be treated in a uniform way.
	www.adb.org /Documents/Others/OGC-Toolkits/WTO/wto0300.asp (219 words)

	German-American Relations - Documents
		They shall also enjoy in navigation and commerce all the rights, privileges, and exemptions which the most favoured nation does or shall enjoy, submitting themselves, nevertheless, to the established laws and usages to which are submitted the citizens of the United States and the most favoured nations.
		Article XI The most perfect freedom of conscience and of worship is granted to the citizens or subjects of either party within the jurisdiction of the other, and no person shall be molested in that respect for any cause other than an insult on the religion of others.
		If either party shall hereafter grant to any other nation any particular favour in navigation or commerce, it shall immediately become common to the other party, freely, where it is freely granted to such other nation, or on yielding the same compensation, when the grant is conditional.
	usa.usembassy.de /etexts/treatamity8300.htm (977 words)

	A/RES/40/65. Consideration of the draft articles on most-favoured-nation clauses
		Calls upon Member States, interested organs of the United Nations and interested intergovernmental organizations to review the questions related to the most-favoured-nation clauses and the draft articles thereon so that the General Assembly, at its forty-third session, may decide on the action to be taken on the draft articles; 2.
		Requests the Secretary-General to reiterate his invitation to Member States and interested organs of the United Nations, as well as interested intergovernmental organizations, to submit or bring up to date, not later than 31 March 1988, any written comments and observations which they deem appropriate on the substance of the draft articles; 3.
		Further requests the Secretary-General to submit to the General Assembly at its forty-third session a report containing the comments and observations received pursuant to paragraphs 2 and 3 above with a view to taking a final decision on the procedure to be followed; 5.
	www.un.org /documents/ga/res/40/a40r065.htm (177 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/International trade
		For centuries under the belief in Mercantilism most nations had high tariffs and many restrictions on international trade.
		In the nineteenth century, especially in Britain, a belief in free trade became paramount and this view has dominated thinking among western nations for most of the time since then.
		Free trade is usually most strongly supported by the most economically powerful nation in the world.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Imports (641 words)

	Export Promotion Board
		I am glad to inform you that His Majesty's Government of Nepal has decided to accept your Government's proposal and to grant most favoured nation treatment to the goods coming from the United Kingdom to Nepal on a reciprocal basis.
		The United Kingdom Government will continue to accord to imports from Nepal the treatment of the most favoured nation, save for the special tariff reserved for members of the Commonwealth Preference Area and the European Free Trade Association.
		In view of the difficulties inherent in attempting to accord to Nepalese imports into the United Kingdom the same treatment that accorded under Commonwealth preference to imports originating in Commonwealth countries, he suggests that you may wish to reconsider the suggestion contained in the Foreign Ministry Note K/11-3/317 of 20 August.
	www.yomari.com /epb/uk.php (376 words)

	News from Bulgaria, 96-07-23
		However, most important, Levski was a bearer of the best humanist ideals, a real internationalist, a true citizen of the world, in the best sense of the word.
		The monument we are about to unveil becomes a reality thanks to the efforts of many Bulgarians, and most of all to the dedication of the management and the members of the Vassil Levsky Foundation, the "13 Centuries of Bulgaria" Fund, Mr.
		As a nation, we have given many examples in crucial historical periods that we cherish and follow Levski's testaments.
	www.hri.org /news/agencies/bta/1996/96-07-23.bta.html (3099 words)

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In the News (Sun 23 Nov 08)