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Topic: Motion perception

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	Brightness and Lightness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The importance of motion computation is made clear by reports provided by the neurological patient L.M. whose motion perception was impaired following bilateral damage to the human motion area MT (akinetopsia).
		One of the earliest studies (Exner, 1875) addressed the fundamental question, "is motion perception dependent on the independent analysis of spatial displacements and temporal intervals?" Exner placed close together two sources of sparks that could be triggered in sequence.
		This was referred to as apparent motion because although there was no physical displacement of the flash there appeared to be a smooth movement from the first position to the second.
	www.psychol.ucl.ac.uk /alan.johnston/Motion.html (1484 words)

	Perception (psychology) - MSN Encarta
		Motion parallax occurs when objects at different distances from you appear to move at different rates when you are in motion.
		Motion perception, however, is not that simple—if it were, the world would appear to move every time we moved our eyes.
		For example, motion pictures are really a series of slightly different still pictures flashed on a screen at a rate of 24 pictures, or frames, per second.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571997_6/Perception_(psychology).html (1475 words)

	Motion perception - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of objects that move in a visual scene given some visual input.
		The motion direction of a contour is ambiguous, because the motion component parallel to the line cannot be inferred based on the visual input.
		The problem of motion estimation generalizes to binocular vision when we consider occlusion or motion perception at relatively large distances, where binocular disparity is a poor cue to depth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Motion_perception (743 words)

	Studies in Visual Perception, II.
		But here perception sometimes seems to be dominated by the eye's apparent preference for interpreting a moving surface whose most rapid motion lies interior to it as a convex surface facing toward rather than away from the viewer as a surface bulging toward the viewer.
		The percept that emerges is somewhat less that of the alternating rotations seen in the binocular view and somewhat more that of two simultaneously moving families of dots with opposite motions and different colors.
		This percept always appears when an edge-derived perception of the depth inside a rectangle finds nothing in the appropriate region to which a suitable depth can be ascribed, and when the ascribed surface fit to a boundary like the rectangle cannot be continued amodally behind something which seems to hide a portion of it.
	www.settheory.com /Glass_paper/Kanizsa_observations.html (7221 words)

	MOTION PERCEPTION DURING SELF-MOTION
		Center- surround induced motion is then explained as follows: the percept of surround motion, which is "subject-relative", is overruled by the percept of motion that stems from the "object-relative" cue of surround motion relative to the center stimulus.
		Such overstimulation yields a percept, or awareness, of self-motion which differs from that of visual kinaesthesis: orderly percepts are disturbed and the observer experiences a sense of disorientation, part of which consists of perceiving the visual world as moving.
		The perception of object motion during smooth pursuit eye movements: Adjacency is not a factor contributing to the Filehne illusion.
	www.bbsonline.org /Preprints/OldArchive/bbs.wertheim.html (17761 words)

	Functions of Motion Perception
		The visual motion perception allows the animal to establish the 3-dimensional structure of a visual scene and allows for the organization of retinal image features into the objects actually present in the visual scene (image segmentation).
		Analysis of visual motion also aids in guiding balance and posture, as well as estimating the direction of the observer's own path of motion and time to collision with objects and surfaces in the surroundings.
		One of the most obvious and important functions of visual motion perception is to encode and represent the trajectories of moving real-world objects in order to enable a behavioural response to those movements.
	web.psych.ualberta.ca /~iwinship/vision/motionpercept.html (186 words)

	Motion Perception
		The eyes, head, and body are often in motion, and many of the most relevant objects in the environment are those that move (e.g., other organisms).
		Thus, the perception of motion is a critical function of the visual system.
		A symmetrical spot is moved either parallel or perpendicular to the flanks of the receptive field of a neuron in primary visual cortex.
	www.cps.utexas.edu /Research/Geisler/Projects/motionperception.html (410 words)

	Motion perception during saccadic eye movements - Nature Neuroscience
		During rapid eye movements, motion of the stationary world is generally not perceived despite displacement of the whole image on the retina.
		These results strongly suggest that motion perception depends on the difference between the peak eye velocity and grating speed; the relevant factor is the speed (or temporal frequency) of the grating relative to the retina.
		Motion perception during a saccade in the same direction as a high-speed vertical grating (10% contrast).
	www.nature.com /uidfinder/10.1038/72124 (5621 words)

	Journal of Vision - Biological motion versus coherent motion perception: The role of the cerebellum, by Jokisch, Daum, ...
		The present study aims to explore the role of the cerebellum in the perception of biological motion by testing the performance of biological motion perception in patients suffering from circumscribed cerebellar lesions and comparing their performance with an age-matched control group.
		Whereas the ability to detect biological motion masked by scrambled motion was unaffected in the patient group, their ability to discriminate direction of coherent motion in random noise was substantially affected.
		Since the dorsal motion pathway as well as the ventral form pathway contribute to the visual perception of biological motion, the question remains open, whether cerebellar dysfunction affecting the dorsal pathway is compensated for by the not affected ventral pathway or whether perceptual analysis of biological motion is performed completely without cerebellar contribution.
	journalofvision.org /5/8/934 (391 words)

	Introduction to modeling motion perception
		Second-order stimuli, such as the motion of a contrast modulation over a texture, have the property of being characterised in the spatiotemporal Fourier domain by power spectra which are displaced away from the frequency space origin (Fleet and Langley,1994).
		The direction of motion in this apparent motion stimulus is ambiguous however subjects report a change in the direction of motion of this stimulus when observed at near and far viewing distances.
		Ledgeway and Smith (1995) have studied a stimulus interleaving a first-order motion, a grating with additive noise, and a second-order motion, a grating of the same spatial frequency modulating noise.
	www.dcs.qmw.ac.uk /~pmco/intro.html (3208 words)

	Biological Motion
		Perception of a biological organism engaged in an activity must entail global integration of these motion signals over space and time - perception of such animation sequences is literally the creation of motion information (in the same sense that perception of an object in a random-dot stereogram is the creation of binocular disparity information).
		Grossman E and Blake R (1999) Perception of coherent motion, biological motion and form-from-motion under dim-light conditions.
		Johansson G (1973) Visual perception of biological motion and a model for its analysis.
	www.psy.vanderbilt.edu /faculty/blake/BM/BioMot.html (513 words)

	Retinal motion & Motion Perception
		The processing of retinal motion information may be quite different depending on whether, and how, the bird itself is moving, and it is the job for the behavioral scientist to separate these different aspects of motion processing.
		It is distinguished from a motion stimulation as a consequence of an object moving.
		In the case of object motion, movements of the retinal image may in many cases provide the features necessary to determine the structure of the surrounding space or the 3-D structure of objects.
	www.pigeon.psy.tufts.edu /avc/dittrich/retina.htm (3379 words)

	The Strange Symptoms of Blindness to Motion
		She could not cross a street, for instance, because the motion of cars was invisible to her: a car was up the street and then upon her, without ever seeming to occupy the intervening space.
		The woman's rare motion blindness resulted from a stroke that damaged selected areas of her brain.
		Compared to the complex ensemble of regions in the visual cortex that are devoted to perceiving color and form, this motion-perception pathway seems relatively streamlined and simple.
	www.hhmi.org /senses/b210.html (616 words)

	CTheory.net
		The overlap between the motion of movies and the motion of painting is necessary for this theory to be logically consistent.
		The apparent motion of her upper body is caused by a specific distortion: as the eye moves across this image the human mind fits the different positions of her body together to form a coherent whole.
		While the painterly motion requires the movement of the spectator's eyes through the image to create the effect of bodies in motion?a static image of motion?photographic motion does not require movement by the viewer per se because the succession of images provide the necessary shifts in relationship are combined perceptually into motion.
	www.ctheory.net /text_file.asp?pick=349 (3256 words)

	Motion detection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Motion detection is the sensing (usually by electronic devices) of physical movement in a given area.
		The motion detector is thus a lynchpin of electronic security systems, but is also a valuable tool in preventing illuminating unoccupied spaces.
		When motion detection is accomplished by natural organisms, we speak of motion perception.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Motion_detection (314 words)

	Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The perception continually shifts from rows to columns as the viewer tries to determine what is the figure and what is the ground.
		The perception changes depending on what the viewer determines to be the figure and the ground.
		When the demonstration is unpaused, the motion of the dots implies the presence of a three-dimensional sphere.
	psych.la.psu.edu /clip/Perception.htm (9173 words)

	COGNITIVE SCIENCE: ON THE VISUAL PERCEPTION OF MOTION
		In rare cases of brain damage, we find that individuals lacking motion perception live in a very different world of frozen images, where simple tasks like filling a kettle or crossing the road take on alarming difficulties.
		It is particularly powerful in the motion domain and may have evolved to blunt the startling effect of rapid visual motion that saccades would otherwise induce.
		The procedure allowed comparison of activity from directionally selective cells when visual motion was saccade induced (active condition) and when identical visual motion was induced externally (passive condition with eyes held stationary).
	scienceweek.com /2004/sa041203-2.htm (1307 words)

	Movement Perception
		The illustrations that, undoubtedly you have been looking at demonstrate that motion perception is very complex.
		However, when you viewed the downward motion of the fl bars you adapted the motion detectors for motion in the downward direction.
		When the real motion stopped, the spontaneous activity was no longer in balance, the upward spontaneous activity being slightly stronger and thus the fl bars appear to drift upward.
	www.yorku.ca /eye/move4.htm (976 words)

	Journal of Vision - The influence of biological motion perception on structure-from-motion interpretations at different ...
		We found that at lower-than-natural gait speeds, subjects perceived nonrigid biological motion to be rotating in depth, especially when the walker type was less familiar.
		In contrast, the percept of rigidity was correct at all speeds.
		The more veridical percept of rotation toward higher speeds fits the idea of biological motion channels tuned to higher—more natural walking—speeds that overrule a default assumption to perceive trajectories in depth.
	journalofvision.org /6/7/4 (307 words)

	Motion Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Movement is also at the heart of a set of observations of considerable significance in the historical development of Gestalt theory.
		Given appropriate temporal and spatial relations between the two lights, an observer will perceive the first light as if it were moving from its location to that of the second light.
		Note:Optical phenomena of motion perception are as or even more striking than as of static patterns, see Walter Ehrenstein's recent review "Basics of Seeing Motion" in: www.abonet.com.br/abo/665/abo665.htm
	www.sapdesignguild.org /resources/optical_illusions/intro_motion.html (258 words)

	Motion perception of saccade-induced retinal translation -- Castet et al. 99 (23): 15159 -- Proceedings of the National ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Motion perception of saccade-induced retinal translation -- Castet et al.
		Active visual perception relies on the ability to interpret
		optimized for high-speed motion detection elicit clear motion perception
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/99/23/15159?etoc (299 words)

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