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Topic: Motivation

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	Norris - Motivation as a Contributing Factor in Second Language Acquisition (I-TESL-J)
		Motivation is defined as the learner's orientation with regard to the goal of learning a second language.
		Motivation in the Japanese EFL context is then discussed and studies which have been conducted in the field investigated.
		With instrumental motivation the purpose of language acquisition is more utilitarian, such as meeting the requirements for school or university graduation, applying for a job, requesting higher pay based on language ability, reading technical material, translation work or achieving higher social status.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Norris-Motivation.html (3095 words)

	Motivation in Psychology
		There are numerous theories of motivation and when educators discuss student motivation they usually are talking about the same concept.
		Motivation is that certain something which gives an individual the desire to perform some activity, e.g.
		Most motivation theorists assume that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses; that is, a learned behavior will not occur unless it is energized.
	www.psychology.org /links/Environment_Behavior_Relationships/Motivation (622 words)

	Educational Psychology Interactive: Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The following definitions of motivation were gleaned from a variety of psychology textbooks and reflect the general consensus that motivation is an internal state or condition (sometimes described as a need, desire, or want) that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction (see Kleinginna and Kleinginna, 1981a).
		Most motivation theorists assume that motivation is involved in the performance of all learned responses; that is, a learned behavior will not occur unless it is energized.
		While a variety of personality dimensions might be considered as related to motivational needs, one of the most often cited is that of introversion and extroversion.
	chiron.valdosta.edu /whuitt/col/motivation/motivate.html (3742 words)

	motivation on Encyclopedia.com
		Motives are sometimes classed as deficiency motives, such as the need to remove the physiological deficiency of hunger or thirst, or abundancy motives, i.e., motives to attain greater satisfaction and stimulation.
		Un Irakien montrant une lettre de motivation, samedi, Ã Bagdad L'Irak, menacÃ© d'un dÃ©sastre humanitaire, sombre jour aprÃ¨s.
		Un Irakien montrant une lettre de motivation, samedi, Ã Bagdad Samedi matin, plusieurs centaines d'Irakiens ont envahi l'h.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m1/motivati.asp (1282 words)

	Motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		When examining the concept of motivation, I have argued that learners of all ages are naturally quite adept at being self-motivated and at directing and managing their own learning on tasks that they perceive as interesting, fun, personally meaningful, or relevant in some way (e.g., McCombs, 1991, 1993, 1994).
		In the second case, motivation to learn must be stimulated from the outside to overcome the lack of intrinsic motivation that is caused by the student perceiving the learning tasks to be boring or not personally meaningful.
		From this integration, motivation to learn is seen as a function of both (a) a personal assessment of the meaningfulness of particular learning experiences or activities and (b) the process of self-initiating, determining or choosing, and controlling learning goals, processes, and outcomes.
	www.orangeusd.k12.ca.us /yorba/motivation.htm (4374 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- A. H. Maslow (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation
		Any motivated behavior, either preparatory or consummatory, must be understood to be a channel through which many basic needs may be simultaneously expressed or satisfied.
		First, rats have few motivations other than physiological ones, and since so much of the research upon motivation has been made with these animals, it is easy to carry the rat-picture over to the human being.
		Among these are (a) the problem of values in any definitive motivation theory, (b) the relation between appetites, desires, needs and what is 'good' for the organism, (c) the etiology of the basic needs and their possible derivation in early childhood, (d) redefinition of motivational concepts, i.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Maslow/motivation.htm (9196 words)

	Motivation: watch videos and slides on motivation and motivational leadership
		Surveys show there's a huge crisis of motivation in most large corporations, which is why they continue to spend billions of dollars each year on motivation courses, training in motivation, meetings to boost motivation, incentives to strengthen motivation, meetings to analyse problems in workforce motivation, tools to measure motivation, mission statements and so on.
		Motivation is hardly at the heart of what he writes or says.
		The world’s leading management gurus, on whom hundreds of thousands of management consultants base their work, are relatively silent when it comes to motivation, and are nowhere when it comes to finding one single unifying factor that drives all human action.
	www.globalchange.com /motivation.htm (1756 words)

	Employee motivation. Motivation in the workplace- theory and practice
		Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines.
		These articles on motivation theory and practice concentrate on various theories regarding human nature in general and motivation in particular.
		Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate this gap.
	www.accel-team.com /motivation (648 words)

	Motivation
		Equity theory says that it is not the actual reward that motivates, but the perception, and the perception is based not on the reward in isolation, but in comparison with the efforts that went into getting it, and the rewards and efforts of others.
		In other words, people's motivation results from a ratio of ratios: a person compares the ratio of reward to effort with the comparable ratio of reward to effort that they think others are getting.
		M (motivation) is the amount a person will be motivated by the situation they find themselves in.
	www.analytictech.com /mb021/motivation.htm (2064 words)

	Motivation - Human Resources - Management Portal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The intent of the paper is to be pragmatic in focus and it is written to educators for use in the classroon.
		The concepts of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are cardinal concepts in social and humanistic psychology, and represent distinctive mental processes that interact in specific ways that can in turn be observed through observation of individuals in work, school, and other institutionalized settings.
		Various academic viewpoints posit how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation add to one another or disrupt one another, yet there is still no consensus as to how these motivational events interact, or for that matter what they are.
	www.themanager.org /Knowledgebase/HR/Motivation.htm (705 words)

	TIP: Concepts
		Motivation is a piviotal concept in most theories of learning.
		In most forms of behaviorial theory, motivation was strictly a function of primary drives such as hunger, sex, sleep, or comfort.
		Motivation to achieve is a function of the individual's desire for success, the expectancy of success, and the incentives provided.
	tip.psychology.org /motivate.html (448 words)

	Motivating Students: A Responsive Classroom Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Teachers' responsiveness to and empathic understanding of students' perceptions when they are not motivated are critical in a) promoting students' ownership of the literacy learning agenda; b) in helping students with their motivational difficulties; and c) in establishing classrooms that focus on the enhancement of caring.
		Their concerns in the physical domain were a) coping with feeling physically ill when reacting to motivational problems, b) feeling the need for energy release, c) wanting freedom of movement as an aspect of choice and autonomy, and d) valuing handson activities as a key to increased engagement in learning.
		For students in Situation III, who lacked motivation and were either unwilling or unable to do a task, the nurturing, responsive aspects of the classroom culture met a particularly critical need, not only for promoting students' engagement in learning, but in supporting them through their motivational struggles.
	curry.edschool.virginia.edu /go/clic/nrrc/rspon_r8.html (7869 words)

	motivation -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The word is derived from the Latin term motivus (“a moving cause”), which suggests the activating properties of the processes involved in psychological motivation.
		Motivation is not seen as a mechanical or innate set of processes but as a purposive and persistent set of behaviours based on the information available.
		A related field, social psychology, deals with the manner in which the personality, attitudes, motivations, and behavior of the individual are influenced by social groups.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9108744 (738 words)

	Motivation Point. Motivation Advice for Your Achievement and Success
		Not only is the man pure motivation but, like the late, great Mr.
		Motivation and Success Articles - our ever-expanding collection of articles from the leaders in success, motivation, self-improvement, personal development, and business.
		Focus On Success Interviews: a collection of conversations I have done with various motivational speakers, trainers, and authors.
	www.getmotivation.com (535 words)

	Motivation - the international disability charity Motivation
		Motivation is an international disability and development charity working in low-income countries to enhance the quality of life of people with mobility disabilities.
		Motivation works in partnership with a range of organisations - from grassroots disability groups to national governments and international actors - to ensure that local people and organisations have the skills to meet the needs of disabled people in their communities and to affect positive lasting change.
		There are many ways that you can help to transform the lives of disabled people and their families; find out how you can get involved.
	www.motivation.org.uk (289 words)

	MOTIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Information on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, the effects of rewards on learning, and on how to build positive self-esteem will be examined.
		Learners will review current thinking on motivation and learning and will walk through a structure for changing de-motivation to high intrinsic motivation.
		The terminology related to teaching motivation and the environmental factors that affect motivation.
	online.learningbridges.com /CSUBDescription.asp?strCourseID=MOTIV (870 words)

	Studies Find Reward Often No Motivator - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		With the exception of some behaviorists who doubt the very existence of intrinsic motivation, these conclusions are now widely accepted among psychologists.
		Employees who are praised for meeting a manager's expectations suffer a drop in motivation.
		It should not be surprising that when verbal feedback is experienced as controlling, the effect on motivation can be similar to that of payment.
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/motivation.html (1484 words)

	Motivation
		Ask any person who is successful in whatever he or she is doing what motivates him/her, and very likely the answer will be "goals".
		Goal Setting is extremely important to motivation and success.
		If you are in college because that's what your parents want, you may find it difficult to motivate yourself.
	www.d.umn.edu /student/loon/acad/strat/motivate.html (248 words)

	The Motivation Tool Chest
		Students are motivated when topics relate to personal interest.
		This type of education motivates one to learn more about the world we live in while creating a lifetime love to learn.
		These charts and motivation booklets are available in PDF format at motivation downloads.
	www.motivation-tools.com (1332 words)

	Technorati Tag: motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Motivational Speakers: Booking Info Fast, accurate availability, fee quotes and guidance on 100s of speakers, keynoters, celebrities, and sports stars.
		Motivation Programs on Tape and CD Experience the true inner power of positive motivation, not by the words from outside, but from your own inner talk with our patented mind technology.
		The most important way to motivate the people you supervise is to treat them the same way you wish to be treated.
	technorati.com /tag/motivation (560 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Motivation Articles!
		The key to success is having the motivation to follow through with your ideas and put them into action; to set goals and actively work towards achieving them.
		In Part I of this series on motivation Coach Nemish explains, in detail, how a strength and conditioning coach should lay the groundwork for his or her program.
		Now that you've established the motivation behind your training, you are ready to search out your "zone." Phano goes into detail on telling if your in the zone and how much better you will be in the zone.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/bbinfo.php?page=Motivation (5465 words)

	Motivation
		More complex motivations are seen as derived from these by learning.
		Kittens and puppies and human children are notorious for this kind of "enhancement." It is sometimes referred to as competence motivation.
		And we can differ with each other in regards to what motivates each of us: Some of us "live to eat;" others are "sex fiends;" others are curious to a fault; others are "people people;" and others still are driven by ego; and so on.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/genpsymotivation.html (1979 words)

	selfmotivation1
		Discouragement and lack of motivation hits everyone at some time or another.
		After the initial laugh about how silly that looked, they became used to it and found that it worked just as well as the others who had slim pictures of themself.
		Motivational research shows that people who write out what they are going to do are far more successful than people who only tell themselves they will do something.
	www.selfhelpsolutions.homestead.com /selfmotivation1.html (778 words)

	Attribution Theory, Motivated Underachievement - Psychological Self-Help (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Another related theory to help us understand behavior and motivation, like John's procrastination, is attribution theory.
		In the 18th century, Hume (1739) argued that assuming there are causes for everything that happens is an inherent part of observing the world, because it makes the world more meaningful.
		Since 1960, hundreds of studies have contributed to understanding why some are highly motivated to achieve and others are not.
	mentalhelp.net /psyhelp/chap4/chap4k.htm (1645 words)

	Student Motivation To Learn
		Although students may be equally motivated to perform a task, the sources of their motivation may differ.
		A student who is INTRINSICALLY motivated undertakes an activity "for its own sake, for the enjoyment it provides, the learning it permits, or the feelings of accomplishment it evokes" (Mark Lepper 1988).
		Another notes that motivation to learn is characterized by long-term, quality involvement in learning and commitment to the process of learning (Carole Ames 1990).
	www.kidsource.com /kidsource/content2/Student_Motivatation.html (1445 words)

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