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Topic: Moult

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Moulting Lagoon

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	Moult Summary
		In animals, moulting or molting (see spelling differences) is the routine shedding off old feathers in birds, or of old skin in reptiles, or of old hairs in mammals (see also coat (dog)).
		In arthropods, such as insects, arachnids and crustaceans, moulting describes the shedding of its exoskeleton (which is often called its shell), typically to let it grow.
		Moulting in birds is a comparatively slow process, as a bird never sheds all its feathers at once; it must keep enough of its feathers to regulate its body temperature and repel moisture.
	www.bookrags.com /Moult (1081 words)

	British Garden Birds - Moulting
		Moulting is costly, in terms of energy, for birds and so usually takes place when the bird is less stressed, for example, late in the summer after breeding is complete, the weather is still warm and there is still plenty of food to be found.
		Many species that moult in the late summer also have a partial "pre-breeding" moult in the early spring to replace some body feathers and wing coverts (but not flight feathers), for example: Pied Wagtail, Spotted Flycatcher and Whitethroat.
		Many species moult their primary wing feathers in a strict sequence, this sequence varies from species to species, but may be from the innermost to the outermost, the outermost to the innermost, or the middlemost and then inwards and outwards.
	www.garden-birds.co.uk /information/moulting.htm (695 words)

	[No title]
		When checking moult of the wing, one should not just count the primaries from the outermost feather inwards until the right number have been counted and then assume that the last feather counted is the inner primary.
		Under normal circumstances moult is symmetrically in both wings SECONDARIES The flight feathers that are attached to the ulna (this is the equivalent of the human forearm) are called secondaries.
		The carpal coverts usually moults in sequence with the greater coverts and is considered a part of that tract.
	myweb.absa.co.za /EFRETIEF/Moult.doc (1945 words)

	Moulting
		Moulting (or ecdysis) is the process by which the tarantula sheds its old exoskeleton (skin) and emerges in a new, larger one.
		Spiderlings can be expected to moult five or six times in their first year with the pre-moult (apolysis) period increasing until reaching maturity.
		Before your spider moults it will go through several physical changes; firstly feeding will almost certainly cease (in some adults this can be as much as three months before moulting); if the tarantula has a bald patch, this will turn to dark blue / fl.
	giantspiders.com /moulting.html (701 words)

	Moulting - how, when and why chickens moult
		When the wing moults, primary feathers are shed first, from the axial outwards to the end of the wing, and then the secondaries, which are not shed in such a set order as the primaries.
		The feathers of the moulted bird are large and full, softer, cleaner, brighter and glossy in contrast to the feathers before moulting which were small and hard, dry, frayed and tattered.
		Force moulting is a practice adopted by some commercial egg producers to bring about a rapid moult so that all the birds come back into lay for a second time at a certain time of the year, usually in autumn.
	www.dpi.qld.gov.au /cps/rde/xchg/dpi/hs.xsl/27_2709_ENA_HTML.htm (2085 words)

	Moult - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Moulting (or molting, see spelling differences) is the routine shedding of old feathers in birds, old hairs in mammals (see also coat (dog)), old skin in reptiles, and the entire exoskeleton in arthropods.
		This is usually achieved by the snake rubbing its head against a hard object, such as a rock (or between two rocks) or piece of wood, causing the already stretched skin to split.
		In arthropods, such as insects, arachnids and crustaceans, moulting is the shedding of the exoskeleton (which is often called its shell), typically to let the organism grow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Moult (413 words)

	HAMILTON & DISTRICT BUDGERIGAR SOCIETY INC.
		The process of moulting, which is the normal loss and replacement of feathers, is affected by a number of factors.
		Most birds moult once a year, a few twice a year, and still others compromise-with primary feathers and coverts changed once, whilst the small feathers are replaced twice a year.
		Weak birds or poorly nourished ones sometimes suffer from arrested moult, i.e., the new feathers grow in reluctantly and tend to be stunted or defective.
	www3.sympatico.ca /davehansen/moult.html (1135 words)

	Feather Moulting in Birds
		This second moult is known as an eclipse moult and birdwatchers often refer to a bird as being in 'eclipse'.
		Many water birds moult all their flight feathers in one go.
		Moulting costs in terms of resources, a bird's metabolic energy usage may be as much as 30 percent higher during moult.
	www.earthlife.net /birds/moult.html (551 words)

	Ageing and moult in Catharacta skuas - surfbirds.com
		While moult may be an important component of any accurate identification process, it is our opinion that this is still poorly understood for all species of Catharacta, particularly with respect to non-adult birds.
		In our view this bird is only moulting 2 primaries (assuming large skuas have 10 primaries), and there appears to be a distinct difference in the length of the two growing feathers.
		It is clear from the evidence presented here that timing of moult in all Catharacta skuas is confusing and the use of moult status at a particular time of year may not be a reliable method of identification.
	www.surfbirds.com /mb/Features/skua-identification.html (2258 words)

	PekinBantams.com - Pekin Bantam Information, Poultry Articles, Poultry Health, Forums, Chat and more!
		During the moult the reproductive physiology of the bird is allowed a complete rest from laying and the bird builds up its body reserves, nutrients and constitution.
		Force moulting is a practise not normally applicable to the household situation.
		Moulted birds are hardier, and not as prone to disease.
	www.pekinbantams.com /moult.asp (1969 words)

	Bird Health - Current Research - French Moult (Polyomavirus)
		It appears that the virus, Polyomavirus, by itself is relatively harmless and the apparent random nature of French Moult in the breeding cabinets is explained more by the immune response of the individual birds to the virus rather than the virus being particularly nasty.
		The elimination of French Moult from the budgerigar aviary is a high priority and one of the most important steps for creating a healthy aviary.
		The symptoms of French Moult vary according to the age and condition of the budgerigar when it is exposed to the virus.
	www.birdhealth.com.au /about/r-polyomavirus.html (1135 words)

	Bird Health - Canaries - Seasonal Care
		The moult requires substantial energy and nutrients without which poor quality feathers are produced and a prolonged time is needed to replace all of the feathers.
		The moult is a critical time for the future success of your exhibition canaries because the quality of new feathers depends upon the nutrition and health of the feather as it is growing.
		During the moult season, it is important to give mite and lice treatment as well as other medicines to prevent coccidiosis and other diseases.
	www.birdhealth.com.au /bird/canary/seasonal.html (972 words)

	Natural history of Wildfowl Waterfowl Ducks Geese
		This characteristic tends to be slightly less striking in the diving duck and even less so in the sea duck species but, nevertheless, it is not difficult to tell the sex of adult birds during the winter and spring.
		Most other families of birds undergo a gradual moult during which the flight feathers are shed and replaced gradually over a protracted period.
		The susceptibility of some male duck to predation during this flightless period is reduced by the fact that they typically moult out of their distinctive breeding colours and assume a drab appearance similar to the females and juveniles of their species.
	www.wildfowling.co.uk /magazine/nathist.htm (1295 words)

	Moult & Quality Monitoring Project
		The moult cycle can be differentiated into a series of five stages from A to E, based on physiological and changes in the composition and appearance of the shell.
		In this project, premoult stage refers to the sub-stages of Stage D of the moult stage which can be assessed by examining the tip of a pleopod (swimmeret) with a microscope.
		Stage D is divided into five sub-stages, and is referred to as the premoult stage and accounts for 25 to 75% of the moult cycle.
	www.lobsterscience.ca /molt/glossary.htm (693 words)

	What is Moulting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Moulting is nature's way of replacing old worn out feathers with new ones.
		Moulting is triggered by changes in the surrounding lighting and temperatures.
		During moulting, especially a heavy moult, your birds' body is working hard to produce healthy feathers.
	www.feathered-follies.com /what_is_moulting.htm (228 words)

	Flying birds in the moult is something that we all do, and why not, as long they want to
		The Moult is a natural process by which the pigeon replaces its old feathers with new ones.
		Youngsters begin moulting at six weeks of age, early hatches usually completing a full moult, and late hatches could stop moulting with onset of cold temperatures.
		As you strategically plan your feeding schedule for your competitions during the moulting season remember that you must supply sufficient food for your birds to maintain their athletic condition, perform the proper length of time, and rapidly grow new feathers.
	www.fortunecity.com /olympia/payton/238/page17.html (1049 words)

	EcoBirds Moulting
		The feathers grow quickly and it requires a lot of energy to build them, even so moulting can take a long time and some parrots take up to 9 months to complete a moult.
		Some larger birds of prey are an exception to the moulting every year rule and only moult their flight feathers every 2 years.
		A good example of this is when nearly all the Shelducks (Tadorna tadorna) in north west Europe, about 100 000 birds, congregate in the Grasser Knechtsand area of the Baddenzee in Germany to moult.
	birds.ecoport.org /Health/EBmoulting.htm (480 words)

	Moult
		Before it starts moulting the spider will stop eating for a while, then you will suddenly find it flat on its back with its legs up in the air stretched out on a thin-woven mat.
		After moulting the spider will stretch out and lie peacefully, a beautiful colour on its legs.
		Only once the teeth are hard and have a dark colour can you start feeding the spider which is famished by the exhausting moult.
	www.timart.be /Npaginas/moult.html (210 words)

	moult - definition by dict.die.net
		moult n : periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles [syn: molt, molting, moulting, ecdysis] v : cast off hair, skin, horn, or feathers; of animals [syn: shed, molt, exuviate, slough]
		The act or process of changing the feathers, hair, skin, etc.; molting.
		t.] [The prevalent spelling is, perhaps, moult; but as the u has not been inserted in the otherwords of this class, as, bolt, colt, dolt, etc., it is desirable to complete the analogy by the spelling molt.] To shed or cast the hair, feathers, skin, horns, or the like, as an animal or a bird.
	dict.die.net /moult (116 words)

	Information on breeding and caring for canaries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The moult period is when the birds loose their old feathers and grow a new set, kind of like a snake shedding it's old skin.
		In North America, the UK and Europe I have read that the moult for canaries starts from the end of the breeding season, July, and finishes by the end of September but youngsters hatched late may go as late as October or even November in completing their moult.
		If the colouring agent is not fed to your birds during the moult, chances are that newly grown feathers will lose a lot of their beautiful rich colours and turn out a washy red or orange, spoiling them for any chance in a show.
	www.mycanaries.com /moult.php (444 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In others postnuptial (“after breeding”) moult is postponed to the time after autumn migration.
		Annual moult is critically important phase for maintenance in an individual bird, since the plumage and flight feathers are not designed to withstand mechanical wear and degrading effect of light (UV in particular) for much more than a year.
		In temperate and arctic zones, energy and resource demanding activities, breeding and moult, have either to be timed in the summer part of the year between spring and autumn migrations or the latter have to be postponed to winter.
	users.utu.fi /karainio/projekti/moult.html (339 words)

	Moulting - a natural process
		Moulting — a natural process - by M R Ellis, Poultry Branch, Agriculture Western Australia, Reviewed by DPIandF officers - During the autumn, many household poultry keepers, particularly people keeping poultry for the first time, are often puzzled because although their laying birds appear healthy, egg production has markedly declined or ceased altogether.
		The main wing feathers consist of four tiny finger feathers on the extreme tip of the wing, then ten large primary or “flight” feathers, the small axial feather, and the fourteen secondary feathers, which are smaller and softer than the primaries.
		Primary feathers are shed first from the axial feather outwards to the end of the wing.
	www.thepoultrysite.com /articles/217/moulting-a-natural-process (2193 words)

	Forced Molting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		In addition to the evidence linking forced molting and SE in shell eggs, we will present evidence showing that chickens have a complex nervous system and cognitive capacity, and that their ability to suffer from acute and chronic stress, pain, and fear entitles them to relief from the inhumane practice of being deliberately starved.
		According to Holt, "Food deprivation as a means of inducing a moult in laying hens had a variety of effects on the immune system of the birds.
		Indeed, whereas the brooding hen can be seen to be fully intent upon her "other important activities that compete with feeding," the hen being starved has been stripped without compensation of her only pleasure, virtually her only activity in confinement, which is eating.
	www.poultry.org /molting.htm (3681 words)

	Birdcare-Company-Articles
		But the birds on no supplement or on the second diet with a mineral only supplement were much more reluctant to start the moult and they took longer to go through the moult as they shed fewer feathers at any one time.
		It seems that the birds fed the sulphur containing amino acid supplement were far quicker to go into the moult.
		Feathers are mostly made of protein and the proteins in feathers contain larger quantities of sulphur containing amino acids than the protein in other parts of the body.
	www.theladygouldianfinch.com /Moulting.html (462 words)

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