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	Mount Graham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mount Graham is a mountain in southeastern Arizona in the United States.
		It is home to the Mount Graham International Observatory area, where multiple organizations have set up large telescopes in a few separate observatories.
		Environmental groups, including the Sierra Club also opposed the construction projects on Mount Graham as the summit was thought to be one of the few remaining habitats of the Mount Graham Red Squirrel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mount_Graham (172 words)

	Mount Graham Coalition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Arizona's Mount Graham is a unique ecological treasure that is sacred to the San Carlos Apache.
		Mount Graham - Dzil Nchaa Si An Called a "sky island" ecosystem, the old growth forests on Mount Graham's summit are the Arizona equivalent of rainforests.
		While frequent cloud cover makes telescope viewing marginal (Mount Graham was ranked 38th in a study of astronomical sites in the US), the cool moist characteristics of the mountain have aided the evolution of 18 different plants and animals found nowhere else in the world.
	www.mountgraham.org (155 words)

	Site Testing Era
		Mount Graham was selected from a survey of 280 potential mountain sites on the basis of astronomical considerations such as clear skies, low light pollution, low atmospheric water vapor, and ease of access and support.
		Mount Graham is in the Sonoran desert climatic zone along with established sites such as Kitt Peak, Mount Hopkins and Mount Lemmon; its intrinsic climatic properties are those which have made the desert southwest so productive for astronomy for almost a century.
		Mount Graham does, however, have the additional advantages of greater altitude and very low light pollution.
	mgpc3.as.arizona.edu /theearly.htm (677 words)

	The Mount Graham Red Squirrel
		The Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) is one of 25 subspecies of red squirrels found thoughout North America.
		The Mount Graham subspecies, which is found only on the Pinaleno (Graham) Mountains of southeastern Arizona, was thought to have been extinct in the 1950's, but small numbers of squirrels were "rediscovered" in the 1970's.
		As part of its permit for the Mount Graham International Observatory, the University is required to fund a monitoring program that is charged with determining whether construction of the observatory is negatively impacting the squirrel population.
	medusa.as.arizona.edu /graham/envir.html (591 words)

	LBT group offers compromise
		The intensity of this opposition was unanticipated: the Mount Graham International Observatory (MGIO) had already been established with two fully operational telescopes on Mount Graham; the enclosure for the LBT and all supporting infrastructure was already in place; and the telescope itself was nearly completed.
		Mount Graham is one of four "Holy" mountains that represent the four cardinal directions defining the boundaries of the traditional Western Apache lands.
		Mount Graham, representing the South, together with Mount Baldy, located on the White Mountain Reservation and representing the East, have retained special importance for contemporary Apaches, particularly those who belong to the White Mountain subgroup.
	www.virginia.edu /insideuva/2002/28/adhoc_rept.html (3521 words)

	Mount Graham Petition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Mount Graham, in the Arizona Pinaleño mountain range, is the sole remaining habitat for the Mount Graham red squirrel - a highly endangered species.
		Graham Rider passed in the 1996 Omnibus Appropriations Act should be repealed.
		Therefore, we, the undersigned, demand that the Mt. Graham rider be repealed, and that construction of the telescope complex on Dzil Nchaa Si An be stopped immediately.
	users.skynet.be /kola/petit1.htm (156 words)

	Mt. Graham Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We are prepared to believe that Mount Graham is the most studied mountain in the U.S. In any case, the claim is irrelevant since Mount Graham occupies 198,000 acres, and the Mount Graham International Observatory (two present telescopes plus the LBT) requires 8.6 acres or only 0.004 percent of the mountain.
		The Mount Graham red squirrel is one of thirty subspecies of the common red squirrel which inhabits most of North America.
		Mount Graham is an excellent site for telescopes; two are currently in operation on the site, and construction on the LBT is already under way.
	www.astro.virginia.edu /LBT/mtgraham-issues.html (3683 words)

	Read Article
		MOUNT GRAHAM, Arizona - Running to preserve this sacred mountain from telescope construction, more than 200 American Indians ran a two-day relay across rugged country, offering prayers and ceremonies for the protection of the mountain held sacred by Apache and other Indian nations and tribes.
		The 10th annual Mount Graham Sacred Run began on the Pascua Yaqui Nation, July 30 - Aug. 3, with a traditional feast and Yaqui Deer Dancers, welcoming Indigenous runners from across the United States and Mexico.
		The Apache elder compared the destruction of the top of Mount Graham, defaced by telescopes, with the digging of Geronimo's grave and the taking of his remains.
	www.unobserver.com /printen.php?id=1074 (1803 words)

	Power lines on Mount Graham may be halted by lawsuit - July 6, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As the UA prepares to give the observatory at Mount Graham a new source of power, a lawsuit has been filled to keep the university from building anything further on the mountain.
		However, last Friday the Mount Graham Coalition and Apache cultural organizations filed suit against the University of Arizona to halt the construction and reduce the university's ability to add new facilities to the observatory, said Robin Silver, a member of the Mount Graham Coalition.
		The Apache cultural groups have become involved in the lawsuit because they are opposed to the observatory on Mt. Graham because of the mountain's importance to their tribe, said Ola Cassadore Davis, a member of the Apache Survival Coalition.
	wildcat.arizona.edu /papers/93/155/01_4_m.html (331 words)

	Jeffrey St. Clair: Star Whores, Astronomers vs. Apaches on Mount Graham
		Mount Graham is a sky island, a 10,700-foot-tall extrusion from the floor of the Sonoran desert, which has traveled its own evolutionary course since the last ice age, more than 10,000 years ago.
		Mount Graham attracted astronomers for the some of the same reasons it harbors unique wildlife and is revered by the Apache: it is wild, remote, tall and steep.
		Plus, Mount Graham is a sky island and though it rises out of one of the driest stretches of land on the continent it is often cloudy on the peak.
	www.counterpunch.org /stclair02012003.html (5685 words)

	Tucson Weekly: Seeing on Mount Graham (December 5 - December 11, 2002)
		Mount Graham rises 10,711 feet from a sparsely populated patch of the Arizona desert near Safford, about 115 miles east of Tucson.
		Mount Graham's headstrong astronomers can't stop to look down to their feet and see the earth that they are destroying.
		Mount Graham is isolated from centers of light pollution such as Tucson, where ordinary city, billboard and household lights blot out the night sky.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /tw/2002-12-05/feat.html (3463 words)

	High Country News -- July 24, 1995: Making a mountain into a starbase: The long, bitter battle over Mount Graham
		Mount Graham’s altitude, plus its distance of 80 desert miles from Tucson, made it seem a perfect telescope platform.
		Most frustrating to the opposition, it removed the NEPA requirement that Mount Graham’s ecological and astronomical values be compared to other mountains in North America that might be more appropriate for the telescopes.
		Energized by the destruction of the trees, a group of 21 environmental organizations and individuals, under the banner of the Mount Graham Coalition, filed a federal lawsuit in May 1994 asking the court to require the university to comply with the environmental laws before any further work was done at East Emerald Peak.
	www.hcn.org /servlets/hcn.URLRemapper/1995/jul24/dir/Feature_Making_a_m.html (4575 words)

	Keep the University of Florida OFF Mount Graham!!
		Mount Graham is home to 18 endemnic (found nowhere else on Earth!) plants and animals, including the federally listed Endangered Mount Graham Red Squirrel.
		Historically home to grizzly and wolf, Mount Graham still supports healthy populations of predators and is a major wildlife corridor in the southwest.
		The UA is the first and only university to oppose the listing of an endangered species (the Mount Graham Red Squirrel), to oppose native American religious freedom in a court of law, and to seek an exemption from all environmental and cultural protection laws.
	www.afn.org /~iguana/archives/1996_11/19961113.html (727 words)

	Wilson Bulletin: Birds of coniferous forest on Mount Graham, Arizona.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Birds of coniferous forest on Mount Graham, Arizona.
		Because of interest in the effect upon the biota of Mount Graham by current development for astronomy, I repeated observations and censuses made there forty years ago.
		Unlike my companion study in the Sierra Nevada (Marshall 1988), the losses at Mount Graham of nesting species - all at the lower altitudinal limit of Pinus leiophylla chihuahuana and P. ponderosa arizonica - lack an obvious connection to human interference with the environment.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:17964869&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (211 words)

	Update: Fires on Mount Graham expected to merge \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		The Nuttall and Gibson Fires atop Mount Graham have spread to 9,344 acres and are expected to eventually merge, the incident's commander said Sunday.
		The area is at the heart of critical habitat for the Mount Graham red squirrel and consists of old-growth spruce-fir forests at the highest elevations and mixed conifer forests lower down.
		Highs at the base of the mountain are forecast to be in the mid 90s, with temperatures near the summit of Mount Graham some 20 degrees cooler.
	www.azstarnet.com /dailystar/printSN/28712.php (1016 words)

	Environment News Service ENS Latest Environmental Information Education Current Issues RSS
		Two fires caused by lightning have merged into one big blaze on Arizona's Mount Graham, threatening the international observatory on the mountain as well as the habitat of several rare and endangered species.
		Mount Graham is one of Arizona's mountain sky islands, rising up out of the sea of the Sonoran desert.
		Considered a holy place by the San Carlos Apache and the White Mountain Apache people, Mount Graham is a living locus of spiritual energy, central to the religious practices and history of the Apache people.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/jul2004/2004-07-06-03.asp (1624 words)

	scary squirrel world - Mount Graham red squirrel menace! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		What Don Francisco didn't know is that Mount Graham is home to the Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis), one of 25 subspecies of red squirrels found thoughout North America.
		The Mount Graham subspecies, which is found only on the Pinaleno (Graham) Mountains of southeastern Arizona, was thought to have been extinct in the 1950's, but small numbers of chitterboxes were "rediscovered" in the 1970's.
		He responded with the some mumbo-jumbo about the Catholic Church funding research and technology projects worldwide; the chitterboxes rebounded after the 1996 fire as a result of forest regeneration; and the skwerlien transport is actually an unpolished 8.4 meter mirror simialr to the ones used at the observatory.
	www.scarysquirrel.org /vacation/mtgraham/mtgraham.html (588 words)

	Canku Ota - February 12, 2000 - Mt. Graham
		The Mount Graham Observatory project, home of the largest Binocular Telescope lens, may end after years of strong opposition from many different organizations.
		United States District Judge Carl A. Muecke imposed a logging ban in the proposed building area on Mount Graham in October 1995, but then later lifted the ban because the Mount Graham Project was an academic venture.
		The Mount is home to eighteen different animal and plant species that are found only within the vicinity of the observatory's site.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues00/Co02122000/CO_02122000_mtgraham.htm (613 words)

	Inside UVA
		The trip to the Mount Graham International Observatory and the surrounding area April 6-9 included meetings with Apache tribal members, activists, local elected officials and representatives of the University of Arizona.
		Mount Graham is the home of several natural springs whose water is collected by Apache ritual specialists for use in traditional healing ceremonies.
		Mount Graham is the site of an unspecified number of Apache burials, including those of men and women who lost their lives in battles.
	www.virginia.edu /insideuva/2002/15/telescope.html (1354 words)

	American Indian Movement of Colorado: San Carlos won't accept bribe
		Mount Graham is sacred to the Apache People and the San Carlos, in particular, have vigorously opposed the construction of the Observatory on those grounds.
		Mount Graham is home to the Mountain Spirits that impart wisdom and a place for the people to hold their ceremonies.
		Foreman said that on Jan. 20, Graham County Justice of the Peace Linda Norton found that the prosecutor was unable to prove that Nosie was knowingly trespassing....
	www.coloradoaim.org /blog/2004/05/san-carlos-wont-accept-bribe.html (928 words)

	~~Mt. Graham Regional Medical Center~~ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At Mt. Graham, our employees and the patients that we serve are our priority.
		Graham Regional Medical Center is newly renovated and growing with our community by adding new and renovated space along with new services.
		We are nonprofit, community-owned and governed facility providing extensive medical services for Graham and Greenlee counties.
	www.mtgraham.org /home.htm (427 words)

	Mt. Graham
		Talley said what the ruling will actually do is unclear to him and many other people involved with Mount Graham, but that he fears it could eliminate some uses of the mountain that benefit people and the local economy.
		Mount Graham is important to the Gila Valley area for a lot of reasons, and this could restrict those uses in a very decisive way."
		The ruling states that ethnographic research done by the Forest Service shows that the entire mountain "is associated with the traditional beliefs of Native American groups about their origins, cultural history, and the nature of the world," and is a place Apaches historically and currently use for ceremonial activities.
	aimsupport.org /mt-graham.htm (1324 words)

	scary squirrel world
		The fall 2001 count of Mount Graham red squirrels is now just 247 -- a massive drop from a peak number of 549 in fall 1998 and the lowest count of squirrels since 1993, according to a report released by AGF and the U.S. Forest Service.
		A controversial aspect of the die-off in the endangered squirrel subspecies is their presence overlaps with the eight acres occupied by the Mount Graham International Observatory atop Mt. Graham, a presence that some critics say has worsened the survival prospects of the squirrel.
		Since squirrels that were live-trapped in the past have died, forest biologists have relied on an indirect counting method to estimate the number of squirrels now living on the Pinaleno Mountain range.
	www.scarysquirrel.org /special/movies/pinecone/news.html (747 words)

	Leah Gerber (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We use the diffusion-approximation model to analyze historical growth rates and show that the main threat to the population is not the growth rate itself (which may be greater than 1) but the wide range of variation in the data.
		The elasticity values obtained for Mount Graham red squirrels indicate that the population is far more sensitive to changes in survival rates (particularly adult survival) compared to reproduction.
		Our analyses suggest management actions that are likely and unlikely to promote recovery of the Mount Graham red squirrel, and more broadly indicate a methodology to better utilize data in conservation endangered species decision-making.
	lsweb.la.asu.edu /lgerber/enough.htm (240 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Mount Graham red squirrel also uses stands which include mixtures of other species such as white fir (Abies concolor), southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformis), and to a lesser extent ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) (01,07).
		Status of the Mount Graham red squirrel, Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis (Allen), of southeastern Arizona.
		Mount Graham red squirrel: A biological assessment of impacts, proposed Mt. Graham Astrophysical Project Coronado National Forest.
	fwie.fw.vt.edu /WWW/esis/lists/e052002.htm (6213 words)

	Read Article
		It concluded with a blessing ceremony on top of Mount Graham, with water from a sacred spring, beneath blue skies and the Apache’s "cloud people." During the tribal council session in April, University of Arizona law professors Robert Williams and Robert Hershey-Lear, and Indian Law Clinic Coordinator Don Nichols made the presentation.
		However, in May 2003, the U.S. Department of the Interior determined Mount Graham to be eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places as an Apache traditional cultural property and sacred site.
		Graham Coalition: http://www.mountgraham.org/ Additional Information Ed Note: Although Native American Indian Traditions hold that the original Peoples of the Western Hemisphere were born from Mother Earth, in what is now known as the Americas, anthropologists still produce other theories which may even be found on some of the following websites.
	www.unobserver.com /printen.php?id=1701 (786 words)

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