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Topic: Mourides

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	Profiting from One's Prayers
		Mouridism, which functions like a medieval Muslim kingdom, is barely a century old and just one generation removed from its founder.
		Mouridism began in 1886, with the battlefield death of Lat Dior, the last Wolof king.
		Mouridism is unique in binding disciples directly to a single marabout, even to the extent of disciples pledging their children's loyalty to children of their marabout.
	www.aliciapatterson.org /APF1702/Millman/Millman.html (2118 words)

	Mourides
		The Mouride brotherhood is a large Islamic brotherhood organization in Senegal and The Gambia, with headquarters at the holy city of Touba[?], Senegal.
		The Mouride brotherhood was founded by Amadou Bamba[?] (1850-1927) (Ahmed Ben Mohammed Ben Abib Allah, also called Khadimou Rassoul).
		Many mainstream Muslims consider the Mourides' extreme adulation of Amadou Bamba, and his lineage of successors, to be blasphemous, since the latter gets more attention than the Prophet Muhammed, and Touba is ranked over Mecca.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mo/Mourides.html (611 words)

	Mouride at AllExperts
		The Mouride brotherhood (Ø§ÙØ·Ø±ÙÙØ© Ø§ÙÙØ±ÙØ¯ÙØ©, Aá¹-á¹¬arÄ«qat al-MurÄ«diyya or simply ÙØ±ÙØ¯ÙØ©, MurÄ«diyya in Arabic) is a large Islamic Sufi order (á¹arÄ«qa) most prominent in Senegal and The Gambia, with headquarters in the holy city of Touba, Senegal (Tuubaa in Wolof, Ø·ÙØ¨Ù, á¹¬Å«bÄ in Arabic).
		The followers are called mourides (murid in Wolof), from the Arabic word murÄ«d (literally "one who desires"), a term used generally in Sufism to designate a disciple of a spiritual guide (murshid).
		Wade is a devout Mouride (while his defeated opponent Abdou Diouf belongs to the Tijaniyya movement), Mr Wade surprised many, especially outside his country, when the day after his election, he travelled to Touba, to seek the blessing of the Grand Marabout, Serigne Saliou Mbacke.
	en.allexperts.com /e/m/mo/mouride.htm (927 words)

	“BODY INTO SOUL, SOUL INTO SPIRIT:” THE COMMODIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS VALUE IN THE MOURIDE TARIQA OF SENEGAL (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As these Mouride communes lacked kinship ties between compounds, social solidarity was linked through the shaykh and thus all corporate economic activity centered upon the tilling of the shaykhs’ fields rather than exchange among villagers as was the case in much of the region.
		Mourides maintain that the practice of adya is sanctioned in the Qur’an and further commentary on this practice is given in verse forty of Masalik-al-jinan, a well know qasa’id written by Bamba.
		Mourides talk of economy in sacred idioms, and of the sacred in terms of economy—an inversion that points to anxieties about the velocities and vectors of value in a rapidly changing and deteriorating social and physical landscape and to counter-efforts by Mourides to contain the movement of wealth within sacred circuits of development.
	cas.uchicago.edu /workshops/african/papers/buggenhagen.htm (8941 words)

	Touba - Encyclopedia.com
		Touba is the religious center of the Mourides, an African Islamic Sufi brotherhood founded (1887) by Sheik Amadou Bamba Mbacke, and is the site of an annual pilgrimage commemorating his exile.
		Transnational mouridism and the Afro-Muslim Critique of Italy.
		Mouride brotherhood has its capital in Touba, Senegal, where Mourides have constructed...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Touba.html (1035 words)

	Touba3 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is on Touba's central square that Mourides congregate on the 18
		Mourides will travel from all over, and from as far away as Europe and America, to attend the event.
		The current Caliph-General of the Mourides, Serigne Saliou Mbacké, is the fifth of Ahmadou Bamba's sons to hold the position.
	www.aui.ma /personal/~E.Ross/Touba3.htm (513 words)

	MOURIDISM: A LOCAL RE-INVENTION OF THE MODERN SENEGALESE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ORDER
		Mouridism was a refuge for the “wretched of the earth” and a hope for a society administered by a foreign power whose project was to disintegrate all traditional structures.
		Mouride Art functions, thus, as a tool to comfort the whole society by telling the masses that the economic crisis is, in reality, due to the failure of the society in which they live but not to their own weaknesses, as opposed to the theories of many afro-pessimist thinkers.
		Mouridism is the concrete example of a society that developed on the margins of the classic Western one, and succeeded in its economic projects, while the state of Senegal is going through its worst political and economic period.
	www.westafricareview.com /issue8/thiam.html (6568 words)

	Africa Today--The Dynamic Nature of Citizenship and Participation: Lessons from Three Rural Senegalese Case Studies
		Mouride citizens felt a responsibility to participate in order to benefit the community, had a right to access group benefits, and received rewards for their involvement.
		On the aggregate, Mourides are probably more willing than not to consider the opinions of their marabouts, but this level of influence depends on how well the social contract between the members and the community is met.
		Certainly not all Mourides have quit voting for the PS or refused to listen to the ndigals of their marabouts; many still honor their responsibilities to the community and feel that the state is meeting its obligations.
	iupjournals.org /africatoday/afr46-1.html (11009 words)

	Made in Africa
		The Mourides of Senegal are thrifty, hardworking traders who have managed to build up a worldwide trading network with its centre in the Sandaga Market, even though the majority have little or no formal education.
		The success of the Mourides in recent years, with the help of their global trade network (and this more or less lawful), is due to their ability to import goods they can sell in Sandaga at prices lower than in Dakar's shops.
		The spiritual centre of the Mourides is the small city of Touba in the heart of Baol.
	www.khm.uio.no /utstillinger/madeinafrica/english/marked_2.html (715 words)

	Welcome to AAITPC - Asia Africa Investment & Technology Promotions Centre
		The Mourides have a small-time commercial network, built on entrepreneurship and their religious belief in discipline and work that extends from the market surrounding the Grand Mosque in Touba, to the streets of Paris, Rome and New York.
		Senegal's President, Abdoulaye Wade, who is a Mouride, personally expressed his appreciation to UNIDO Representative in Senegal, François d'Adesky for the organization's initiatives on the micro-agro-industrial projects during their meeting on 25 June, 2002.
		The President firmly believes the shift of the Mourides community into the productive sector as well as the extension of their Koranic schools to engage in professional and technical training, is a real revolution which will have a positive effect on the future of Senegal.
	www.unido-aaitpc.org /unido-aaitpc/new1/news/2002/07july/news260702-2.html (435 words)

	dahira
		The Mourides are most closely linked to the Wolof ethnic group, and their capital of Touba in the Baol region of Senegal was established in 1888.
		There was a wird, litany of Sufi prayers, specific to the Mouride brotherhood, which today includes primarily the poems of the founder, who is said to have promised protection in the next world to all who could recite them.
		The Mourides adapted to the needs of the time, and agricultural labor enabled a new way of life for those in Wolof country who had lost their previous occupations at a time of French colonization and change.
	www.umich.edu /~biid/dahira.htm (219 words)

	WorldWide Religious News-Industrious Senegal Muslims Run a 'Vatican'
		As the Mourides have grown in population and power — they now number about two million — Touba is said to have become the country's second-biggest city, after the capital, Dakar.
		Among the Mourides, because many of their early leaders were peanut farmers or traders, those practices became essential to their way of life.
		Because he was said to have been denied the right to pray aboard the ship that took him away, the faithful developed the belief that he unfurled a carpet on the sea and prayed on the water.
	www.wwrn.org /article.php?idd=14216&sec=33&con=63 (1436 words)

	Touba - Senegal's city of Islam
		To the Mourides, Touba is a holy city, where the tomb of Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba Mbacké, founder of the movement, is located.
		Wade is a Mouride (while defeated Abdou Diouf belongs to Tijjaniya) and he surprised many, especially outside his country, when the day after his election, he travelled to Touba, to seek the blessing of the Grand Marabout, Serigne Saliou Mbacke.
		The tomb of Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba, who started the Mouride movement in 1886 is also there, and after the five daily prayers, the faithfuls move into the inner sanctum to seek baraka (or blessings) through prayers and alms-giving.
	www.islamfortoday.com /senegal1.htm (2357 words)

	Adherents.com: By Location
		Some caim that up to three-quarters of the population of the country are now Mouride, though that estimate may be exaggerated.
		What is clear is that the Mouride movement has had a major impact on both the economy and the politics of Senegal.
		The autonomous school of the mourides (meaning in Arabic the candidates) was rested by the marabout Ahmadou Bamba and this brotherhood gathered 400,000 talibes (faithful) with her death in 1999.
	www.adherents.com /adhloc/Wh_296.html (2657 words)

	dahira (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mouride brotherhood has also adapted to modern developments, namely the migration of Mourides from the rural villages.
		Dahiras, or religious associations, developed in the urban centers and the Mourides gave an economic orientation to the organization, using meetings to collect money for their sheikh.
		The first Mouride dahira was formed in Dakar, Senegal in 1946-7.
	www.umich.edu /~biid/dahira1.htm (257 words)

	sellingmen.doc
		Mourides are not the first people to come to New York seeking prosperity for themselves and their families.
		Kids as young as five are sent by their parents to the cities to study the Koran at the feet of Imams and Marabouts to become Talibees, or students of the Koran.
		According to Serigne Fall, a Mouride businessman from Diourbel, “the father will give the child to the marabout saying, “ Teach him the Koran or give him back to me dead.” This is not an invitation to kill the child, although the discipline is stern.
	www.temchine.com /stories/sellingmen.html (1764 words)

	PASSPORT TO PARADISE EXHIBITION INTRODUCTION
		Mouride workplaces are graced by images of the saint, often accompanied by those of his worldly disciple, Ibra Fall.
		A submovement of the Mourides called the Baye Falls live an almost monastic life working with and for their devotional groups and their marabout spiritual leaders.
		Many Mourides work in the informal sector—that is, in unsalaried jobs as cobblers, itinerant salesmen, and the like.
	www.fowler.ucla.edu /paradise/junkyardsmore.htm (387 words)

	Touba, Senegal - Sacred Sites - Martin Gray
		The Mouride brotherhood was begun by Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba (also known as Ahmed Ben Mohammed Ben Abib Allah or Khadimou Rassoul).
		The male descendants of Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba are considered great religious authorities (marabouts) in Senegal, and the current father of the Mourides is one of his descendants.
		Devout Mourides cover the walls of their home and workplace with pictures and sayings of their marabout and wear numerous amulets prepared by their marabouts, to solve their problems.
	www.sacredsites.com /africa/senegal/touba.html (1368 words)

	Artist Profile: Senegal's Cheikh Lô (page 2)
		Lô is a Baye Fall, a member of a mystical brotherhood within the larger Islamic brotherhood of the Mourides.
		The founder of the Mourides, Cheikh Amadu Bamba, made this embrace possible in Senegal by putting the teachings of Islam into terms that the Wolof and other Senegalese peoples could accept and integrate into their lives.
		That is the beginning of Mouridism." The emphasis on work is key, for the Mourides are now responsible for an estimated 80% of the businesses in Senegal.
	www.coraconnection.com /pages/cheikh_page2.html (1451 words)

	IPA NY Voices That Must Be Heard
		He is the founder of the Mouride form of Islamic worship.) The group’s mandated devotion to business development has been credited with much of the economic revitalization of Harlem’s 116th Street.
		Despite this, some Mourides are offended by outside attempts to connect the religion to the economic activities of its followers in the United States.
		Nevertheless, contributions from successful Mourides at home and abroad are believed to pay for the extensive upkeep and renovations on the Mosque, which is widely regarded as the largest Islamic pilgrimage site in of West Africa.
	www.indypressny.org /article.php3?ArticleID=307 (479 words)

	IslamOnline - Art & Entertainment Section (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The visual culture of the Mourides is on display now at the UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History.
		The Mouride Brotherhood, formed around the turn of the twentieth century, is a branch of Sufism founded and led by the late Senegalese Sheikh Amadou Bamba (1853-1927).
		The entire visual culture of the Mourides sprung from one photograph taken of Amadou Bamba while he was under house arrest by the French colonial government in 1913.
	www.islamonline.net /English/artculture/2003/03/article13.shtml (1055 words)

	Headlines
		Pap Demba Jobe, a representative of the Khalifa General of Mouride in The Gambia, has informed all Muslims in The Gambia and the Government that the annual Magal (Religious gathering) of Touba will be held on Sunday, 19 March 2006.
		The Khalifa General, SERIGNE SALIOU MBACKE, has urged all Mourides to follow the recommendations of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), and to be law-abiding and hardworking.
		It would be recalled that the D1,040 million was contributed by the Mourides to rehabilitate Touba, which include the construction of the mosque and the rehabilitation of the road and streetlights.
	www.thepoint.gm /headlines598.htm (184 words)

	VOA News - Rallies Wrap Up Before Sunday's Senegal Election (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mourides are a Sufi Muslim brotherhood founded in Senegal in the early 1900s.
		Wade were accused of disrupting a rally for a former protégé of the president, Idrissa Seck, who is now a rival for the presidency.
		Wade is not relying on the Mourides for re-election.
	www.voanews.com /english/2007-02-23-voa64.cfm (540 words)

	UNRISD: Publications \| The Challenge of NICTs and Their Role in Urban Change: The Case of Touba (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For the author, the Mourides are a group emblematic of the current process of change.
		NICTs are not only a means of integrating the Mourides with the rest of the country, but provide important leverage for internationalizing the group and strengthening its identity.
		What gives the Mourides their strength is their capacity to adapt to the new constraints of globalization while preserving their umbilical link with the holy city of Touba.
	www.unrisd.org /unrisd/website/document.nsf/(httpPublications)/CBBA1B277FC620F2C1256D7300562EF9?OpenDocument (360 words)

	Democratisation in Senegal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Endorsements are usually carried out through the effective use of NdigaL Originally meant to be exultation to the faithful to donate alms for the upkeep of the Mourides, Ndigal partially assumed a political connotation where the obligation to vote for a particular candidate replaced the religious obligation to give alms.
		The consensus built around the unquestioned authority of and loyalty to the Marabous has, it is anecdotally claimed, served as a unifying and stabilising influence on society.
		It is significant that, even by their own standards, the grave-yard silence maintained by the Mourides in the course of the electioneering campaign spoke more of disapproval of the existing order than a demonstration of neutrality.
	www.cdd.org.uk /resources/press_statements/senegal_hope.htm (2892 words)

	dahira khatimatoul mounadiaty, de serigne abdou samath MBACKE (modou faty khary) cellule biafra SENEGAL
		in the first MOURIDE s celebration of the new millennium, the yearly growing number of attendants to the TOUBA annual MAGAL 18 SAFAR have reach a new record of more than 5 million pilgrims from all over the world, and the situation still under a credible control.
		The country of Uncle Sam happened to be the first place on earth beside Africa to accept and then promote the real face of MOURIDOU LAHI, by giving it state by state, official recognitions.
		Dans la première célébration des MOURIDES du nouveau millénaire, un nombre inestimable de pèlerins au grand MAGAL de TOUBA a battu un nouveau record de plus de cinq millions de personnes et la situation est toujours sous un contrôle crédible.
	www.orgsites.com /wa/dahirakm/index.html (1112 words)

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