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Topic: Mousterian

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	The Alekseev Manuscript - Chapter III: Middle Paleolithic (Mousterian) in Eurasia
		The site is of the Mousterian culture, was discovered by Formosov in 1952, and the remains of the child has many sapiens traits which distinguish it from Neandertal; the child is either a representation of Homo sapiens or a form between Neandertal and Homo sapiens.
		At Staroselie is a modern morphology with a primitive Mousterian culture; this is in opposition to Saint-Cesaire where there is a primitive morphology and an advanced culture.
		According to Arutiunov, Mousterian tools were indeed found at Kiik-Koba and these tools could be used by a hand without an opposable thumb simply by grasping with the entire hand.
	www.drummingnet.com /alekseev/ChapterIII.html (4219 words)

	Mousterian - LoveToKnow 1911
		MOUSTERIAN, the name given by the French anthropologist G. de Mortillet to the second epoch of the Quaternary Age, and to the earliest in his system of cave-chronology.
		The typical implements are flint points or spear-heads, left smooth and flat on one side, as struck from the cave, pointed and edged from the other side; a scraper treated in the same way, but with edge rather upon the side than at the end, as in the succeeding Solutrian and Madelenian epochs.
		Relics of the Mousterian age have been also found in Belgium, southern Germany, Bohemia and southern England, some of the "finds" including human remains.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Mousterian (198 words)

	MOUSTERIAN - Online Information article about MOUSTERIAN
		MOUSTERIAN, the name given by the See also:
		RELICS (Lat, reliquiae, the equivalent of the English " remains " in the sense of a dead body)
		Relics of the Mousterian age have been also found in See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MOS_NAN/MOUSTERIAN.html (389 words)

	Mousterian Information
		Mousterian is a name given by archaeologists to a style of predominantly flint tools (or industry) associated primarily with Homo neanderthalensis and dating to the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
		Mousterian tools or better Middle Paleolithic tools were made by Neanderthals and date from between 300,000 BP and 30,000 BP.
		Mousterian technology is important because it took over the job of teeth in the front, and also because there was a reduction of robustness of some of the facial features.
	www.bookrags.com /Mousterian (179 words)

	Mousterian - Encyclopedia.com
		A Levallois point embedded in the vertebra of a wild ass (Equus africanus): hafting, projectiles and Mousterian hunting weapons.
		Couche C is a late Mousterian level, firmly dated by thermoluminescence...
		Dating the Cassis rufa shell from the Mousterian levels of the Grotte du Prince, Monaco.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-X-Mousteri.html (892 words)

	Handprint : Ancestral Tools
		Mousterian tools required a preliminary shaping of the stone core from which the actual blade is struck off.
		Because Mousterian tools were conceived as refinements on a few distinct core shapes, the whole process of making tools had standardized into explicit stages (basic core stone, rough blank, refined final tool).
		As these activities evolved and standardized, the efficient and flexible Mousterian toolmaking procedures made possible the accumulation of physical comforts on which wealth and social status are based.
	www.handprint.com /LS/ANC/stones.html (1653 words)

	Reflections on the Style-Function Debate
		The Mousterian, the tool tradition of the Neanderthals and early modern humans, is a continuation of this technological advance.
		The Quina Mousterian in France is similar to the Yabrudian in the Levant, while the Ferrassie of France is similar to the Zagros of southwest Asia (Dibble 1991).
		Although Mousterian facies have not been consistently shown to correspond to environmental variations, faunal assemblages or different activities, Kuhn found that lithics associated with scavenging are more utilized and have more oversized pieces.
	www.jqjacobs.net /anthro/paleo/debate.html (1763 words)

	Evolution of Modern Humans: Archaic Homo sapiens Culture
		The Mousterian Tradition was marked by the progressive reduction in the use of large core tools, such as hand axes, as specialized flake tools became more common.
		Mousterian flake knives were apparently used for such tasks as cutting small pieces of wood and butchering animals.
		Small flake scars on many of the Mousterian hand axes suggest that the craftsmen were using hammers of bone, antler, or similar relatively soft materials for better control in the final stages of shaping.
	anthro.palomar.edu /homo2/mod_homo_3.htm (2744 words)

	Bulletin No.16
		In regard to the Levantine Mousterian which is a separate component of the Middle Paleolithic sequence in the Levant, it has been noted that the frequency of the Levallois technique, which is one of the most important criteria in defining these assem blages, has a high degree of variability.
		The separation of Denticulate Mousterian assemblages into two clusters is different from that seen in factor analysis, whose results showed that the assemblages classifiable as Den ticulate Mousterian were all located close to each other and showed clear clustering.
		The Douara material is broadly closer to the Levantine Mousterian assemblages from Yabrud, in particular to the assemblage group consisting of levels 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 10.
	www.um.u-tokyo.ac.jp /publish_db/Bulletin/no16/no16002.html (3787 words)

	MOUSTERIAN HANDAXES AXE
		Unlike their much larger predecessors of the Sahara during the Acheulian, Mousterian handaxes are much smaller in comparison.
		Not only are Mousterian handaxes considered some of the rarest and most prized tools of the Neanderthals, this exquisite representation is a perfectly executed bifacial example.
		Compared to the bulkier tools of the Acheulian produced by the Levallois technique, Mousterian tools are comprised of smaller flakes from an exhaustively worked core which are then retouched on the edges to make a large variety of tools.
	www.paleodirect.com /m138.htm (736 words)

	New Page 1
		Mousterian convergent scraper, 2 3/4" L x 1 15/16" W, Plateau du Moustier, Dordogne Region, France, mottled gray/gray flint with a cloudy patina, classic example, super piece from a famous area/site, approximately 70,000 B.P., $45.
		Mousterian backed knife, 2 13/16" L x 1 3/4" W, Plateau du Moustier, Dordogne Region, France, blue/gray flint with a cloudy patina, classic example and very thin, super piece from a famous area/site, $45.
		Mousterian in the Acheulean (MTA) cordiform hand-axe, 4 3/16" L x 3 1/8" W, Plateau du Moustier, Dordogne Region, France, tan and gray flint, very well made and used example, super piece from a famous area/site, $290.
	www.arrowheads.com /paleoworld/paleolithic2.htm (944 words)

	The Early Prehistory of Greece (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Mousterian industry is found in Thessaly and the Peloponnese, and is by far the most common variety of Palaeolithic site know in Greece, far outnumbering both earlier and later occurrences.
		The Mousterian sites have been tested only rarely by excavations, by the late Eric Higgs at Asprochaliko in Epirus, by the Germans at the Kephalari Cave in the Argolid, and the Greeks at Theopetra Cave in Thessaly.
		The Mousterian sites appear to be clustered at the early end of this period, and are certainly gone before 32 kyr.
	classics.uc.edu /prmainland/Lectures/CurtRunnels/Early03.html (376 words)

	Neanderthal at AllExperts
		The Mousterian culture is typified by the wide use of the Levallois technique.
		Mousterian tools were often produced using soft hammer percussion, with hammers made of materials like bones, antlers, and wood, rather than hard hammer percussion, using stone hammers.
		This flute was found in western Slovenia in 1995, near a Mousterian Era fireplace used by Neanderthals, but its significance is still a matter of dispute.
	en.allexperts.com /e/n/ne/neanderthal.htm (3073 words)

	Internet Archaeol 4. Reviews. Pettitt
		Dibble and Lenoir's rationale for reinvestigating the site was to clarify such ambiguities and, more specifically, to assess the potential effects of raw material availability on Mousterian lithic assemblage variability, a major research priority at present and one in which Dibble has been particularly influential over the past fifteen years or so.
		Clarifying both the nature of the geological matrices and establishing a representative sample of the Mousterian variants through the sequence are two interlinked problems: both, as I shall discuss below, are crucial to the model of assemblage variability that Dibble proposes.
		1995), the Mousterian variants apparently represented at Combe Capelle Bas - that is, those relatively rich in scrapers, whether produced on Levallois flakes (Ferrassie variant) or non-Levallois flakes (Quina) - reflect a relatively intense, economic use of lithic raw materials.
	intarch.ac.uk /journal/issue4/reviews/pettitt.html (2358 words)

	Mousterian (Neanderthal) Sites
		The quarry of hunters during the Mousterian period in central and eastern Europe.
		Sometimes the exact percentages were not properly recorded by the original excavator, and in such a case the column is shaded or else divided into equal segments.
		Not every Mousterian site is shown, but the fl dots give some idea of the main centers of settlement in the early Ice Age.
	donsmaps.com /mousterian.html (5579 words)

	Mousterian - Definition, explanation
		Mousterian is a name given by archaeologists to style of flint tools (or industry) dating to the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age.
		It is named after the type site of Le Moustier, a rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France.
		Mousterian tools were made by Neanderthals prior to the emergence of modern humans and date from between 70,000 BP and 32,000 BP.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/m/mo/mousterian.php (166 words)

	Central Europe (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Among the Mousterian artefacts from layer 8 is a femur with four artificial holes thought to be a bone flute and the oldest known musical instrument.
		Teeth are dated by calculating the total accumulated dose represented by the enamel's ESR signal and the radiation dose rates in and surrounding the tooth.
		The ESR ages limit the maximum age for the Mousterian layers and the flute to between 67 ± 10 ka and 82 ± 11 ka.
	www.williams.edu /Chemistry/askinner/Website/Europe/CentralEurope.htm (350 words)

	mask_english
		It is an exceptional object because the mousterian culture is not known to give this type of artistic production.
		If Mousterian civilization is specific to Neandertals in Europe, "the Mask" thus leads us to think that Neandertals were capable of an artistic production more advanced than than anyone suspected until now.
		This protofigurine is a flint improved by Mousterians to accentuate the appearance of a face which the stone offered.
	ma.prehistoire.free.fr /mask_english.htm (733 words)

	EFCHED Bibliography
		Baryshnikov, G., Hoffecker, J. "Mousterian Hunters of the NW Caucasus: Preliminary Results of recent Investigations." Journal of Field Archaeology 21 (1): 1-14.
		Matiukhin, A. "The Mousterian complexes of the Severeskii Donets valley (in Russian)." Arkheologicheskie Zapiski, Donskoe Arkheologicheskoe Obshchestvo, Rostov-on-Don 3: 5-27.
		Matiukhin, A. Mousterian and Late Palaeolithic Industries at the mouth of the Severskii Donets (in Russian).
	www.gla.ac.uk /efched/Bibliography.htm (3780 words)

	Hyde Slides: Human Paleontology
		Mousterian beach cliff of ancient Faiyum Lake; 15 to 20 feet above present Nile floor, 112 feet above sea level, 259 feet above present Faiyum Lake.
		Mousterian man, as exhibited in the A.M.N.H. Rhodesian Man, front view of skull cast.
		Mousterian Man and his family life as reconstructed by the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
	geology.cwru.edu /~huwig/catalog/humanpaleontology.html (2106 words)

	THE PALEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGY OF WEASEL CAVE
		Mountain goat dominate the upper Mousterian Layers 5-11; and Asiatic deer and cave-bear dominate the middle Layers 12-14.
		Similar analyses of much earlier Mousterian occupations at Vaufrey in SW France (Simek 1987, Simek and Rigaud 1989), showed areas that were used both intensely and redundantly, with diversity patterning high and stable as spatial resolution increased.
		The use of these "typological" Mousterian Points in wood-working actions -- in a low-angle planing or whittling motion, fits the functions of double convergent side scrapers in the microwear studies of Anderson and the Levallois points studied by Beyries.
	www.acs.appstate.edu /dept/anthro/new_orleans.html (2627 words)

	Art of the perthesian paleolithic civilization
		This zone has been place of cult from the Mousterian until the II millenium B.C. At Carnac the menhirs are 2.730 and are aligned.
		The execution of the face is influenced from the Mousterian tradition, in how much the lateral profile is executed better than that frontal, that is lacking in mouth.
		However, the men of the Mousterian or the upper Paleolithc, inasmuch as the greater carved part of the heads is without beard, could very well to shave the beard, like make still today in many zones of the East, snatching the hairs one after the other, ignoring the razor intentionally.
	www.museoorigini.it /pagina57.html (2762 words)

	Tools and Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mousterian tool kits consisted of items such as hand axes, choppers, scrapers, backed knives, denticulates, and points.
		The Chatelperronian does have some Mousterian features, but for the most part, many of the tools are made on well struck blades.
		The shape of the blades is similar to the Mousterian blade.
	sapphire.indstate.edu /~ramanank/tools.html (773 words)

	MOUSTERIAN DENTICULATE TOOLS
		This stone tool was fashioned by Neanderthals over 40,000 years ago out of flint and discovered in the world famous region of Dordogne, France, considered to be the "Capitol of Prehistory".
		Fine quality Mousterian Neanderthal tools are rare and often move from one private collection to the next as many sites are now destroyed, built over or protected.
		Mousterian denticulate tools are characterized by a flake with a series of retouched notches running down one edge.
	paleodirect.com /m131.htm (580 words)

	In Pursuit of the Past: AFTERWORD
		Chapter 4, "The Challenge of the Mousterian," illustrates the character of the problem of referral from the present to the past.
		Chapters 5, 6, and 7 all present observations on living systems which were considered examples of what archaeologists needed to know before they could make accurate referral arguments and, in turn, seek to explain observed patterning in the archaeological record in terms of determinant processes operative in the past.
		A further instance of the lack of progress made on the "Mousterian problem" is the argument that there is temporally patterned variability in the Mousterian of France (Mellars 1989); this does not conflict with or extend my earlier arguments.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/9693/9693.afterword.html (1531 words)

	Human remains from Geula Cave, Haifa
		All the lithics, faunal remains and human relics from Geula B were attributed by Wreschner to the Upper Mousterian (Wreschner, 1960, 1967a).
		According to this scheme, the earliest Mousterian industry present in Tabun cave (layer D) may date to 250-270 ka BP and the industry of layer C dates to ca.
		No dates were obtained from the uppermost Mousterian layer B. The option that the Tabun I skeleton (C1) was buried from layer B and did not originally belong to layer C, as suggested by Bar-Yosef and Callander (1999) will make this fossil significantly younger than the Tabun C2 mandible.
	bmsap.revues.org /document511.html (2913 words)

	SoleckiRo_19_2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It has been suggested that Mousterian points, characteristic tools of many Middle Paleolithic industries, should be reclassified as converging side scrapers.
		It is concluded that the question of hafted projectile points in the Mousterian is still an open issue.
		Furthermore, the classification of Mousterian points as side scrapers obscures their most obvious morphological attribute, that is, a sharply pointed end.
	www.bu.edu /jfa/Abstracts/S/SoleckiRo_19_2.html (104 words)

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