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Topic: Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People

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	Oil: the curse of the Ogoni
		The traditional lifestyle of the Ogoni is based on fishing in the river waters and farming yams and cassava on the fertile land of the delta.
		Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) is the strongest force of opposition to Shell and the Nigerian government.
		Ogoni people are still furious with Shell and have been accused of vandalizing the pipeline and chasing away workers who come to make repairs.
	www.umich.edu /~snre492/cases_03-04/Ogoni/Ogoni_case_study.htm (2461 words)

	Radio Netherlands Worldwide - Independent thinking, independent voice - English - Sabotage or Negligence? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The people tell me that the trouble began in early July when there was an oil spillage on the high pressure pipeline carrying crude oil from fields outside Ogoni to one of the main export terminals at Bonny.
		Local people have seen little benefit from the billions of dollars that have been pumped from their soil: most of the money has disappeared into the pockets of successive military dictatorships, while the region's land and water continues to be polluted by the oil production.
		In the early 1990s, the Ogoni people - one of the smaller ethnic groups in Africa's most populous nation – launched a campaign against the Nigerian government and the Anglo-Dutch oil multinational, Shell, for more political autonomy, a greater share of the oil revenues produced by their region, and a clean-up of their environment.
	www.radionetherlands.nl /features/humanrights/ogoni011228.html (752 words)

	Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) is a campaigning organization representing the Ogoni people in their struggle for ethnic and environmental rights.
		The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People has struggled against the degradation of their lands by Shell in Nigeria.
		These concerns were placed in the context of a self-definition: the Ogonis as "a separate and distinct ethnic nationality." On this basis they sought autonomy, environmental protection, control of a fair share of the revenues from their resources, and cultural rights, such as the use of their local languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Movement_for_the_Survival_of_the_Ogoni_People (881 words)

	IN PRISON WITH KEN SARO-WIWA
		The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) is a democratic organisation run by a steering committee drawn from various groups in the Ogoni community including teachers, doctors, youth and women.
		MOSOP was formed in 1990 when the Ogoni people drafted the Ogoni Bill of Rights and presented it to the Nigerian government demanding rights to representation, religious freedom, and the right to protect their own environment.
		The Ogoni 19 are a group of Ogoni people who, like Ken Saro-Wiwa, face death by hanging because they sought social and environmental justice for the Ogoni people and their land by campaigning against Shell and the Nigerian military dictatorship.
	www.converge.org.nz /hrag/ledum.html (1491 words)

	[No title]
		According to the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) it was the military's intervention that resulted in the indiscriminate killings of Ogoni and burning of Ogoni villages.
		A leader of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), who has recently returned to Nigeria and is currently in hiding said, "Ogoni hasn't experienced violence like this since the civil war, the place is under a terrible form of martial law, I didn't imagine the extent of the destruction.
		The President of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), Ken Saro-Wiwa, was arrested on 22 May 1994 in connection with the incident which resulted in the latest attacks by the security forces on the Ogoni people.
	www.halcyon.com /pub/FWDP/Africa/ogoni.txt (5454 words)

	MAR \| Data \| Assessment for Ogani in Nigeria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Ogoni of Nigeria are a small ethnic group, comprising less than 1% of the total population of the country.
		The main group representing the Ogoni is the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), which had been led by Ken Saro-Wiwa before his execution.
		Shell denies the problem is as big as the Ogoni claim, but independent environmental assessments of the area before it was closed to outsiders in 1993 support the Ogoni claim of extensive environmental damage.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=47504 (2121 words)

	Movement for the Survival of the Ogonis
		In response to rapidly worsening relations between Shell and the Ogoni people, MOSOP today warned the Chairman of Royal Dutch Shell, Mark Moody-Stuart that his company risked sparking the worst crisis in the area since 1995.
		Subsequently Shell staff or contractors have then been observed entering Ogoni "to conduct repairs" under armed guard in a manner which we believed was rejected by Shell when it said some years ago that it would not operate in Ogoni "behind the shield of guns and armed force".
		I hope you understand that the Ogoni people will strenuously resist the repetition of past corrupted and incomplete projects in Ogoni, especially as local people are observing signs of widespread bribery in an attempt to facilitate proposed projects.
	www.dawodu.net /mosop.htm (1119 words)

	Ken Saro-Wiwa / Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) - Nigeria - 1994 Right Livelihood Award Recipient
		To combat these effects the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) was set up in 1990 as the umbrella organisation for a number of broad-based organisations addressing the needs of Ogoni women, youth, churches, teachers, students and other professionals.
		The first of these were set out in the Ogoni Bill of Rights, drafted by MOSOP in 1990, which expressed Ogoni determination to secure their political, economic and environmental rights.
		In January 1993, to mark the start of the UN Year of Indigenous People, 300,000 Ogoni people demonstrated peacefully in favour of their demands, but the Nigerian government responded to the Ogoni mobilisation with brutal repression.
	www.rightlivelihood.org /recip/saro-wiwa.htm (498 words)

	Oil workers and oil communities
		This study examines some of the dynamics of the rise and activities of the broad social movement of oilbelt indigenous peoples, with a focus on the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People and its intersection with Nigerian oil workers.
		Section five examines the military's counter-insurgency responses to the social movement and strikes, including the hanging of the Ogoni Nine and the internationalization of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People.
		The National Youth Council of Ogoni People, which was a youth wing, among the three of its representatives that were at the steering committee, one was a woman.
	www.uoguelph.ca /~terisatu/Counterplanning/c3.htm (5805 words)

	Fourth World Bulletin, Spring/Summer 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Unfortunately lost in the uproar over the execution was the Ogoni collective demand for "autonomy" or self-determination, perhaps because it was by far the most problematic and controversial of all the claims that the Ogoni, led by Saro-Wiwa, have made over the past five years.
		When the Ogoni question has been addressed in the United Nations, it has almost always been with reference to the Ogoni as an "ethnic group." However, within the terms of analysis that are standardized within the UN, the Ogoni are an "indigenous people" and MOSOP is credibly understood as an indigenous people's organization.
		By appearances, the Ogoni meet the definitional criteria of an indigenous people that is established in Convention 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO).
	carbon.cudenver.edu /home/conversion/fwc/Africa-old/ogoni-1.html (248 words)

	Ogoni and Oil
		The Ogonis have charged that Shell Oil has consistently damaged the local environment by: operating a number of off-shore rigs and oil port facilities which have seriously damaged "the tropical rain forest in the northern reaches of the Delta and mangrove vegetation to the south" (Hutchful, 1985).
		Developments in the Ogoni region have been documented by the Office of the General Secretary, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) from January 1993 through April 1994, and are as follows: 1993 January 4 300,000 Ogoni protest against Shell Oil activities and the environmental destruction of Ogoni land.
		Indiscriminate beatings and arrests of Ogoni people by 'heavy[ily] armed and unfriendly Nigerian soldiers and police' are frequent.
	www.american.edu /ted/OGONI.HTM (5523 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ogoni people are the indigenous ethnic minority community living in the part of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
		The Ogoni people are made to live as destitutes in their own land, enriched with oil.
		In view of the above, we therefore made the following recommendations: Ogoni people should be allowed to participate in the control of their resources as set out in the International Convention of Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 1.1,2; ICERD Article 1.1.
	www.unhchr.ch /minorities/statements/MOSOP.doc (622 words)

	Nigeria: Delta Update
		That the quality of life of Ijaw people is deteriorating as a result of utter neglect, suppression and marginalisation visited on Ijaws by the alliance of the Nigerian state and transnational oil companies.
		Ijaw youths and Peoples will promote the principle of peaceful coexistence between all Ijaw communities and with our immediate neighbours, despite the provocative and divisive actions of the Nigerian State, transnational oil companies and their contractors.
		According to community leaders this unrest is a direct result of the growing poverty in the Delta, caused by the lack of economic and social development and the unjust allocation of oil revenues.
	www.africaaction.org /docs98/delt9812.htm (2048 words)

	Kituo cha katiba >> Ken Saro Wiwa - Profile
		His real crime was leading a group that was protesting the devastation of the Ogoni people's lands by Shell Oil and the oppression and marginalization of the Ogoni people themselves by the military government who profited from Shell's oil business.
		Working with other Ogoni leaders, he founded MOSOP (Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People) and began national and international speaking engagements and protests.
		Despite the sudden death of Nigerian Dictator General Sani Abacha in 1998, the Ogoni region remains heavily militarized and the government has yet to agree to allow an independent environmental assessment to be conducted to determine the total extent of Shell's pollution in the Niger Delta.
	www.kituochakatiba.co.ug /sarowiwa.htm (985 words)

	www.ogoniforum.org.za \| Ogoni Solidarity Forum
		The 4th day of January 1993 was used by the Ogoni people to also flag off their decision to be recognized as a people created with distinctness before they were loomped into the present Nigerian nation state that has failed to recognize them as a distinct ethnic nation within the federaion.
		The Ogoni Solidarity Forum has opened its Nigerian office, the office which is charged with the responsibility of re-mobilizing, educating and re-awaking the Ogoni masses to bring the Ogoni struggle from its present transmogrification and latency is being headed by Comrade Akpobari Nkabari Celestine.
		This incident is a great set back to the broad struggle of the Ogoni people, especially in the United State of America where the NUOS is the only megaphone and advocacy group on the behalf of the land.
	www.ogoniforum.org.za (726 words)

	Factsheet on the Ogoni Struggle
		The Ogoni are a people of approximately 500 000, who live in Ogoni, a region in Rivers State, Nigeria.
		One of the factors hampering the Ogoni struggle is the organisation of the Nigerian state.
		A march by Ogoni people on Bori in protest resulted in the Second Amphibious Brigade - the same unit involved in the shooting at Nonwa - being called in from Port Harcourt.
	www.ratical.org /corporations/OgoniFactS.html (3432 words)

	University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
		They were joined because they all concern the detention and trial of Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa, a writer and Ogoni activist, president of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People.
		Interights asserted that they were tried, convicted and sentenced to death for the peaceful expression of their views and opinions on the violations of the rights of the Ogoni people.
		This decree allows the government to arbitrarily hold people critical of the government for up to 3 months without having to explain themselves and without any opportunity for the complainant to challenge the arrest and detention before a court of law.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/africa/comcases/137-94_139-94_154-96_161-97.html (4089 words)

	International Campaigns: Nigeria - Human Rights - Sierra Club (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Leader of MOSOP (the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People), Saro-Wiwa was hanged along with eight other political activists for inspiring widespread non-violent protest against Shell's devastating pollution (2).
		Ogoni is still under occupation and the bodies of the Ogoni Nine have still not been returned to their families.
		Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) Nigeria, 27 Odu Street, Ogbunabali, Port Harcourt, Nigeria:
	www.sierraclub.org /human-rights/nigeria/mosop/delta.asp (1077 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The northern region belongs to the Hausa-Fulani, the west to the Yorubas and the east to the Igbo-Speaking people.
		It is quite disheartening that among the minorities in the Niger Delta that Ogoni is one of those that produces abundant resources and have not gotten a state of its own.
		However, the Ogoni people produced the Ogoni Bill of Rights which was presented to the Federal government of Nigeria in the 1990’s.
	www.unhchr.ch /minorities/statements/MOSOP3b.doc (505 words)

	US OIL COMPANIES CONTINUE TO RAVAGE THE NIGER DELTA (NIGERIA) - Remember Ken Saro-Wiwa : Houston Indymedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Ogoni, as well as other native people of the Niger Delta, receive little to nothing in compensation for the exploitation and destruction of their homeland and traditional way of life.
		In the oil-rich Niger Delta of Nigeria, the native people (Ogoni and other tribes) are violently oppressed by Nigeria's military dictatorship, who use force to protect the flow of oil on which the government depends.
		For over 40 years the Ogoni people have quietly endured military oppression and watched the devastating effect of the oil operations on their environment.
	houston.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=46876 (690 words)

	22. Right to Social Security
		Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.
		The struggle continues today, but hope is high that Nigeria¹s new democracy will further empower the Ogoni people to protect their environment, improve their quality of life, and regain a sense of safety in their own homes.
		MOSOP organized many Ogoni activists, both young and old, to demand through non-violent protest the right to protect their own environment, the right to exercise political control over their own lives and the right to use a fair portion of their economic resources for their own development.
	www.un.org /pubs/cyberschoolbus/globalatlas/22sp.htm (2958 words)

	Shell Unable to Shake Off Troubled Ogoni Legacy As Dispute Over Pipeline Deepens - Global Policy Forum - UN Security ...
		Almost 10 years after the execution of the Ogoni author Ken Saro-Wiwa and eight fellow rights activists caused international outrage, Shell is involved in another deepening dispute in the Ogoni region.
		The decision has angered local people linked to the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, the organisation Mr Saro-Wiwa led until his 1995 execution by the then military regime.
		They are also unhappy about the clean-up efforts of Casella, a UK contractor employed by Shell to clean a spill in K-Dere village, part of the Ogoni region: the earth and reeds in the area are still flened and a large pool glints with the iridescence of petroleum.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/natres/oil/2004/0916ogoni.htm (936 words)

	Vanguard - National News : Ogoni want another oil coy
		Port Harcourtâ” OGONI in Rivers State have called on the Federal Government to initiate a process for another oil firm other than Shell to begin oil exploration activities in their areas.
		A statement issued on the platform of the Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People blamed the Federal Government and Shell for the failure of the Presidential initiative headed by Father Mathew Kukah to reconcile them and Shell.
		The statement reads in part,â Movement The Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) is accusing the Nigerian authorities and Shell of killing the Ogoni dialogue process at precisely the time when such engagements are the only viable alternative to the violence now seen in the Niger Delta.
	www.vanguardngr.com /articles/2002/niger_delta/nd217102006.html (196 words)

	ICE Case Study: Ogonis and Conflict
		However, "his more likely "crime" is his effort to organize the Ogoni ethnic minority to stop destruction of their homeland caused by operations of Shell and Chevron, the multinational oil companies, and seek compensation for his people's lost farmland and fisheries."
		Developments in the Ogoni region have been documented by the Office of the General Secretary, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) from January 1993 through April 1994.
		The Ogoni have a long history of preserving their environment, which they regard as sacred: rivers and streams provide water for bathing and fish for food, making their environment intricately connected with communities way of life.
	www.american.edu /TED/ice/ogonioil.htm (4700 words)

	CorpWatch : NIGERIA: Ogoni Minority Mark Saro-Wiwa's Death (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Following an overnight candlelit vigil in Bori Thursday, the would-be "capital" of Ogoni, more than 1,000 of Saro-Wiwa's supporters marched through the centre of the southern city to protest what they allege is their people's continued persecution and economic marginalisation by the Nigerian state.
		Ogoniland is a tract of densely-inhabited forest and farmland lying along the fringes of the Niger Delta wetlands north and east of Port Harcourt.
		Saro-Wiwa argued that Ogoni farmland and fishing areas were being damaged by oil pollution and that the industry's profits were not being shared with local communities.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=12770 (801 words)

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