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Topic: Movimiento Nacional (Spain)

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	Juan Carlos I of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Juan Carlos was born as son of Infante Don Juan de Borbon, son of Alfonso XIII of Spain, and Princess Maria Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
		The heir to the throne of Spain was Juan de Borbón, the son of the late Alfonso XIII.
		Spain, unmentioned in titulary for more than three centuries, was symbolized by the long list that started "...of Castile, Leon, Aragon,..." - The following feudal-like long titulary was as latest used officially in 1836 by Isabella II of Spain (cf the account of titulary in her article) before she became constitutional queen:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Juan_Carlos_of_Spain (2354 words)

	Spain under Franco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The consequence of all of this was the establishment of an embargo against the Francoist regime in 1946 -including the closure of the French border- with very little success, as it boosted support for the regime.
		Spain joined the industrialized world, leaving behind the poverty and endemic underdevelopment it had experienced since the loss of the Spanish Empire at the beginning of the 19th century.
		The 1973 oil shock severely affected oil-dependent Spain, and brought the economic growth to a halt in 1975.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spain_under_Franco (1986 words)

	ooBdoo
		Franco was born in Ferrol, Galicia, Spain on December 4, 1892.
		Spain was bitterly divided and economically ruined as a result of the civil war.
		His coalition-ruling single party, the Movimiento Nacional, was so heterogeneous as to barely qualify as a party at all, and was certainly not an ideological monolith like the Fascio di Combattimento (Fascist Party) or the ruling block of Antonio Salazar.
	www.oobdoo.com /wikipedia/index.php?title=Francisco_Franco (4224 words)

	Euskal Herria Journal \| A Basque Journal \| News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus, monarchy was re-established in Spain after the death of the dictator in November 20, 1975.
		These are the people who rule Spain and that have a view of Spain that is incompatible with the existence of nations within the state.
		Thus, any decisions made by one or another generation of Spaniards, the permanent and the unalterable in Spain as a political entity, throughout the centuries, is to be a parliamentary monarchy.
	www.ehj-navarre.org /news/n_conpol_pp900.html (1383 words)

	ipedia.com: Juan Carlos of Spain Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		His grandfather Alfonso XIII was King of Spain until deposed in 1931 by the Second Spanish Republic.
		By designating Juan Carlos as successor to the Head of State in 1969, Franco ignored the successory rights of Juan de Borbón, the father of Juan Carlos, and tried to educate Juan Carlos as his successor for the maintenance of the regime.
		An attempted coup (23-F) on February 23, 1981, in which the Cortes were seized, with gunfire in the parliamentary chamber, seemed likely to derail the process, until the unprecedented public television broadcast by the King called for unambiguous support for the legitimate democratic government.
	www.ipedia.com /juan_carlos_of_spain.html (826 words)

	Carlism - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Carlism was a conservative political movement in Spain, purporting to establish an alternative branch of the Bourbons in the Spanish throne.
		The 10th of October a girl, the future Isabel II of Spain is born.
		Isabel II managed to alienate almost everybody in Spain, till she was expelled that year by a progressist revolution.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/c/a/r/Carlists.html (3230 words)

	Telegraph \| News \| Legacy that Spaniards prefer to forget
		KING JUAN CARLOS of Spain is preparing to celebrate the 25th year of his reign next week, buoyed by a level of public support that is the envy of other European monarchs.
		Franco was infamous to two generations for his role in the Spanish Civil War, his initial alliance with Hitler and Mussolini, the execution of tens of thousands of opponents after his Nationalist forces defeated the armies of the elected Republican government, and the resulting 36-year dictatorship.
		Spain is now a voracious consumer society where the Nineties clarion call of "enjoy, enjoy, enjoy" is tempered with a progressively American corporate culture.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2000/11/18/wjuan18.xml (720 words)

	Photojournalism During the Spanish Civil War
		As the summer of 1936 wore on, General Francisco Franco took the reigns of the military coup and it became clear that Spain was embroiled in a civil war as the country fractured geographically and ideologically along Nationalist and Republican lines.
		Beyond the implications of the civil war in terms of Spain's own history, the war is viewed, retrospectively, as a prelude to the larger ideological conflicts between fascism, communism, and democracy that eventually consumed all of Europe in World War II.
		The Spanish Civil War is also remembered as a testing ground for new techniques and technologies of both twentieth-century warfare - as immortalized in the bombing of Guernica - and twentieth-century media as represented by the rise of war photography and photojournalism.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/swphotojournalism (2254 words)

	Generalísimo Francisco Franco
		His first ambition was to follow the family tradition and join the navy, but cutbacks resulting from Spain's defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898 reduced the available positions and Franco enlisted in the army instead.
		Becoming the youngest general in Spain in 1926, Franco was appointed director of the newly created Joint Military Academy in Zaragoza, where cadets were taught the brutal lessons of the irregular war in Morocco.
		Having thus 'saved' Spain again, Franco was given the top job in the army, chief of the general staff.
	www.spanishholidaysguide.com /articles/article_59.asp (1755 words)

	Francisco Franco Bahamonde
		Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo, abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was head of state of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975.
		Born in Ferrol (officially known as El Ferrol del Caudillo from 1938 to 1982), Spain, on December 4, 1892, Franco's early life was marked by his father's drunkenness and womanizing which contrasted with his devout mother's overprotective devotion.
		When he died, it was allegedly impossible to buy a single bottle of champagne in Spain, since it had sold out.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Franco.html (1517 words)

	University College - Spaans
		To villagers in the poorer parts of Spain the deprivations of the post-war era were final straw.
		Chapter 1: Who were the main persons to help Spain from dictatorship to democracy and what sources helped them to achieve this.
		Chapter 5: Howcome was Spain seen as capable of entering the EC despite of the few fundamental changes in economic structure and unemployment?
	www.let.uu.nl /spaans/acc090/hooper1.htm (1949 words)

	[No title]
		An Exteraordinary and plenipotentiary ambassador of Bolivia in the Kingdom of Spain (1999-2001).
		The Congreso Nacional (National Congress) has 125 members elected for a five year term, 105 members elected in two- or multi-seat constituencies and 20 members elected at large by proportional representation.
		An active member of the Partido Nacional since he is 17 and a member to the National Convention of his party since 1984.
	www.chez.com /vips/parlease.htm (4343 words)

	Spain
		Anyone with information in Spanish, or with any information about Tvind in Spain, please contact the webmaster at tvindalerta@yahoo.es.
		The Association of Aid to the affected ones for destructive cults (León, Spain) sends information to the local press of Zamora, about the relationship of this organization with Tvind, a group considered cult.
		The Association of Aid to the affected ones for destructive cults (León, Spain) has a sent a letter of complaint to the Council for environment and to the local press with a new report.
	www.tvindalert.com /countries/spain.htm (1710 words)

	Historical Figures - General Francisco Franco
		Also contributing to the disagreement was an ongoing disagreement over German mining rights in Spain.
		After the collapse of France in June 1940, Spain adopted a pro-Axis non-belligerency until returning to complete neutrality in 1943 when the tide of the war had turned decisively against Germany.
		The Story of Spain: The Dramatic History of Europe's Most Fascinating Country
	www.dailypast.com /historical-figures/francisco-franco2.shtml (779 words)

	Is King Juan Carlos the Biblical Antichrist? by Kenneth Montgomery Keillor
		Spain was the 11th nation to join the European Union, and the current ruler of Spain is King Juan Carlos.
		was born in Morocco and is a former ambassador to Spain.
		Spain witnessed these demonstrations months before the war for the purpose of opposing and denouncing the war against Iraq.
	www.thepunks.com /antichrist.html (14945 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Blue-shirted Falangists are now the grey-bearded 'nostalgists'
		He liked to blame "that traitor", King Juan Carlos, for selling out to the democrats when he inherited the reins of state from Franco.
		One of the last bastions of the nostalgicos is the Gran Pena - a wood-panelled gentleman's club on the central Gran Via where members erected a Franco bust in 1992, just as Spain was showing off its new, modern self at the Barcelona Olympic games.
		The star speaker there at a recent Franco anniversary was Blas Pinar - the founder of the Guerrillas of Cristo Rey, a bunch of ultra-Catholic, rightwing thugs who terrorised Madrid in the 70s.
	www.guardian.co.uk /spain/article/0,2763,796266,00.html (539 words)

	Amazon.com: A Time of Silence: Civil War and the Culture of Repression in Franco's Spain, 1936-1945 (Studies in the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		On the one hand the state had to purge Spain of the half of it who were secular, liberal, socialist, or regionalist.
		The other prong of the ideology was that Spain would follow a firm and ruthless policy of self-sufficiency.
		It has long been a cliche of much conservative and centrist discourse that notwithstanding the aid Franco got from the Axis, he should not be viewed as a fascist, but more as a classically "authoritarian" ruler, and therefore setting the stage for the properly pro-Western democracy that was to follow.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521594014?v=glance (1468 words)

	Instituto Internacional de Idiomas Weblog » Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Adolfo Suárez González, Duke of Suárez (born September 25, 1932) was Spain’s first democratically elected prime minister after the dictatorship of General Francisco Franco.
		An emblematic member of the Generation of ‘27, he was murdered by Nationalist partisans at the age of 38 at the beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
		Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva (born September 23, 1943) in Madrid, Spain is Spain’s best selling singer and one of the best-selling Spanish singers of all time.
	www.iiischools.com /blog?cat=3 (359 words)

	Wines by Country-Spain
		Avila was one ofthe bases from which the Caballeros of Alfonso VI recaptured eastern and southern Spain from the Moors, and by the fifteenth century was a bustling regional capital.
		We are still on Spain's central meseta, at a height of 700-900 metres, tilting downwards east to west, and some vineyards have chalky soils which are almost as white as Sherry-country albarizas.
		In spite of its inland location, the climate along the Duero valley is a mixture of continental and temperate- Mediterranean: largely warm and dry with moderate to low rainfall of 430-580mm, and hot, dry summers with 75-90 rainy days per year, and 2200 hours of sunshine.
	www.geocities.com /lu_2010/spain1.html (12874 words)

	History and Memory--Being polÌtico" in Spain
		While outside Spain the transition was heralded in the press with almost uniform surprise that the Spanish could do things so calmly and so well, the atmosphere in Catral was one of nervousness and unease.
		Her life was silenced then, but there is a collective silence which remains today and which is surely a sign of the experience of suffering not only the consequences of repression directly but of living within a broader setting of repression everywhere.
		Indeed, because of the organic, unitary and spiritual idea of Spain held by Franco, political opponents on the left during the Republic were conceived as a poisonous substance for the body politic, infused by foreign malignant powers and part of the anti-Spain.
	iupjournals.org /history/ham14-1nar.html (12520 words)

	UW Press - : Fascism in Spain: 1923-1977, Stanley G. Payne
		Payne describes and analyzes the development of the Falangist party both prior to and during the Spanish Civil War, presenting a detailed analysis of its transformation into the state party of the Franco regime—Falange Española Tradicionalista—as well as its ultimate conversion into the pseudofascist Movimiento Nacional.
		Fascism in Spain helps us to understand the personality of Franco, the way in which he handled conflict within the regime, and the reasons for the long survival of his rule.
		Payne concludes with the first full inquiry into the process of "defascistization," which began with the fall of Mussolini in 1943 and extended through the Franco regime's later efforts to transform the party into a more viable political entity.
	www.wisc.edu /wisconsinpress/books/3296.htm (324 words)

	Wikinfo \| Francisco Franco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo (December 4, 1892 - November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde, and better known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was head of state of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975.
		Since his death, almost all the placenames named after him (most Spanish towns had a calle del Generalísimo) have been changed.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Francisco_Franco (1033 words)

	Francisco Franco Bahamonde, Dictator of the Month, July, 2004
		His first ambition was to follow the family tradition and join the navy, but cutbacks resulting from Spain's humiliating defeat in the Spanish-American War of 1898 reduced the available positions and Franco enlisted in the army instead.
		His brother Ramón Franco was a pioneer aviator.
		They employed the same ruthless tactics that had been used against the tribesmen in Morocco.
	www.dictatorofthemonth.com /Franco/Jul2004FrancoEN.htm (1497 words)

	Franco [Archive] - Skadi Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For Francoist supporters "eternal Spain" was the ideological expression of an old and unpolluted "Castilian spirit" with an universal language and ideals beyond the limits of time and space: a Spain, in short, which had emerged victorious and misunderstood in the midst of a turbulent era for humankind.
		In the Principality of Catalonia, along the decades of 1950 and 1960, arrived an amount of population which lead to the fact that Spanish is the mother tongue of the current 40% of the inhabitants of that region.
		You are wrong: the Civil War in Spain was from Spain against Catalonia and the Basque Country in fact.
	forum.skadi.net /archive/index.php/t-10995.html (16019 words)

	WESTERN SAHARA - weekly news 2004, weeks 19-20
		The position of Spain on the question of Western Sahara, following the change in government and the arrival of the Socialist Party to power, remains ambiguous.
		In an interview with ABC, the Spanish Minister for Foreign Affairs, Miguel Angel Moratinos, expressed the view that Western Sahara is an essential element in the relations between Spain and Morocco and the whole of the Maghreb.
		For that, it is necessary that the United States, France and Spain should speak with the same voice.
	www.arso.org /01-e04-1920.htm (2299 words)

	Find in a Library: The politics of revenge fascism and the military in twentieth-century Spain
		The politics of revenge fascism and the military in twentieth-century Spain
		Subjects: Spain -- Politics and government -- 20th century.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/78309fdf59b9915ea19afeb4da09e526.html (78 words)

	SSPHS: List of members' publications
		- The Importance of the Mariana Islands to Spain at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century [by Teresa del Valle; edited by Marjorie G. Driver].
		Madrid: Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, 1998.
		ALFONSO XIII AND THE FAILURE OF THE LIBERAL MONARCHY IN SPAIN, 1902-1923.
	www.ku.edu /~iberia/ssphs/membbbl.htm (11705 words)

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