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	Mount Pinatubo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano located on the island of Luzon in the Philippines, at the intersection of the borders of the provinces of Zambales, Bataan, and Pampanga.
		Pinatubo is part of a chain of volcanoes which lie along the western edge of the island of Luzon.
		Pinatubo was a known geothermal area before the 1991 eruption, and small steam explosions are quite common in such areas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mount_Pinatubo (3711 words)

	Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This is a false color L-andC-band composite image of the area around Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, centered atabout 15 degrees north latitude, 120.5 degrees east longitude.
		Pinatubo produced by the June 1991 eruptions, and the steep slopes on theupper flanks of the volcano, are easily seen in this image.
		The 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo is well known for its near-global effects on the atmosphere and climate due to the large amount of sulfur dioxide that wasinjected into the upper atmosphere.
	southport.jpl.nasa.gov /cdrom/sirced03/cdrom/DATA/LOCATION/ASIAMIDE/PINATUBO/PINATUCO.HTM (332 words)

	Untitled Document
		"Mt. Pinatubo is part of a chain of composite volcanoes along the Luzon arc on the west coast of the island (Luzon).
		The arc of volcanoes is caused by the subduction of the Manila trench to the west." (Mt. Pinatubo Eruption 2001)
		It is believed that the 1993 Mississippi River Valley flood was influenced by the eruption and that the drought in the Sahel was caused by the eruption (Mt. Pinatubo Eruption) causing the third coolest summer and the third wettest summer during 1991.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/student/sneed3/pinatubo.htm (944 words)

	CVO Menu - Mount Pinatubo, Philippines
		Fire and Mud - Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines -- Newhall and Punongbayan, (eds.), 1996, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City, and the University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1126p.
		Pinatubo - Fire and Mud - Eruptions and Lahars of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines -- Newhall and Punongbayan, (eds.), 1996, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Quezon City, and the University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1126p.
		Pinatubo - Volcanic Disaster Averted in the Philippines -- Excerpt from: Wright and Pierson, 1992, USGS Circular 1073
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Philippines/Pinatubo/framework.html (306 words)

	Mt. Pinatubo
		The ancient Pinatubo eventually formed a 3.5 kilometers by 4.5 kilometers wide caldera, and modern Pinatubo is standing in that caldera today.
		Trouble at Pinatubo was first evident in early 1991 with increased seismic activity around the mountain, and a small explosion.
		Ash was deposited downwind of Mt. Pinatubo on land in thicknesses of between fifteen and fifty centimeters.
	www.utdallas.edu /~msweet/e&v1.html (1035 words)

	Global Effects of Explosive Volcanism
		Following the devastating eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991 there has been a resurgence of interest in the global effects of volcanism.
		Pinatubo was the second largest eruption of this century and produced approxmately 10 cubic kilometers of rock and ash (called tephra by volcanologists).
		If this unexpectedly large increase in the size of ozone hole is due to Mt. Pinatubo aerosols, we may possibly see a return to predicted ozone hole size changes in the next few years, as the Mt. Pinatubo aerosols fall out of the stratosphere.
	denali.gsfc.nasa.gov /research/so2/article.html (1494 words)

	Pinatubo effects in the Arctic as derived from Airborne and Surface observations
		Despite the fact that this distribution could not be corroborated, it is clear that a layer of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere had extinction values of the same order of magnitude as those observed at mid-levels of the troposphere.
		In every case, the Pinatubo aerosol size spectra were best represented by bimodal, lognormal distributions exhibiting a superposition of a monodisperse large-particle (volcanic) mode on a small-particle (background) mode.
		The prolonged lifetime of Pinatubo aerosols in the Arctic probably resulted from the unusual dynamical and microphysical processes that resulted in a concentration of aerosols within the polar vortex.
	www.cmdl.noaa.gov /star/agasp2.html (2869 words)

	Pinatubo, Philippines
		Pinatubo typically erupts large quantities of relatively cool ash and dacite magma.
		Pinatubo has been relatively quiet since the 1991-1992 eruption, but it is still active.
		The modern Pinatubo is a dome complex and stratovolcano made of dacite and andesite.
	www.malapascua.de /Volcanoe-Map/Pinatubo__Philippines/hauptteil_pinatubo__philippines.htm (562 words)

	Pinatubo Aeta
		The Pinatubo Aeta are part of bands residing in mountanous, forested ares of the archipelago from Luzon to Mindanao.
		An interesting aspect of the Pinatubo Aeta is their continuing resistance to the acculturation process, and their ability to modify whatever they borrow from the outside to suit their own culture.
		While the Pinatubo Aeta have been the recipient of both government and private help in the form of better medical facilities and the construction of several schools serving the literacy needs of both children and adults, they have also been victimized by government land-use policies.
	litera1no4.tripod.com /pinatuboaeta_frame.html (1191 words)

	Pinatubo, Philippines
		Pinatubo is a stratovolcano on the island of Luzon.
		Ancestral Pinatubo was a stratovolcano made of andesite and dacite.
		Remains of a 2.2 by 2.8 mile (3.5 by 4.5 km) wide caldera from the old Pinatubo are still standing in the area today.
	www.volcanoworld.org /vwdocs/volc_images/southeast_asia/philippines/pinatubo.html (577 words)

	Mt pinatubo volcano 1991 Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Mt Pinatubo Volcano 1991 are great for when you're looking to get better at mt pinatubo volcano 1991 for selfish purposes.
		Mount Pinatubo on the island of Luzon (15.0N, 120.0E) erupted catastrophically in June 1991 after 460 (+/-30) years of inactivity.
		Pinatubo, hi-resolution close-up of dome - December 1992...
	volcano.11intershare8.info /how-do-volcanoes-form/mt-pinatubo-volcano-1991.html (319 words)

	Operation Montserrat - Mt.Pinatubo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Pinatubo, a large volcano on the Philippine isle of Luzon, is a stratovolcano, or composite volcano.
		Prior to 1990, Pinatubo was an inactive, or dormant volcano.
		The Mt. Pinatubo eruption provides plenty of historical data for you to study.
	www.spacecentre.co.uk /e-mission/3weeks/mtPinatubo.html (248 words)

	SRL-1 - Mt Pinatubo, Philippines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The main volcanic crater on Mount Pinatubo produced by the June 1991 eruptions, and the steep slopes on the upper flanks of the volcano, are easily seen in this image.
		Radar images such as this one can be used to identify the areas flooded by mudflows, which are difficult to distinguish visually, and to assess the rate at which the erosion and deposition continues.
		The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines is well known for its near-global effects on the atmosphere and climate due to the large amount of sulfur dioxide that was injected into the upper atmosphere.
	southport.jpl.nasa.gov /pio/volcanos/captions/srl1-pinatubo_cap.html (350 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Mt Pinatubo's brimming lake threatens thousands
		Pinatubo, the Philippine volcano that erupted 10 years ago killing hundreds of people, may be about to wreak havoc of a different kind among the people living in its shadow.
		Kelvin Rodolfo, an expert on Mount Pinatubo from the University of Illinois in Chicago, and Rosalito Alonso, head of geology research with the British aid charity Oxfam, have been trying in vain to persuade the Philippine authorities to prepare for such a flood.
		Pinatubo's 1991 eruption was one of the most violent of the 20th century.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn1071 (870 words)

	Environmental Protection of Asia - It's All About Saving Our World
		The summit of Pinatubo was blasted away, the forests were blown down, and hundreds of meters of loose sand and gravel rained down on the mountain’s upper slopes.
		Before the eruption, Mt. Pinatubo was a forested, deeply dissected and unimposing mountain on Luzon’s Bataan Peninsula.
		The crews use their long-term observations of Mt. Pinatubo as an example of the types and magnitudes of changes that can be monitored over other volcanic regions.
	www.environmentalprotectionofasia.com /eruption (1262 words)

	Mt Pinatubo Volcano - The Eruption of 1991
		Mt Pinatubo Volcano - The Eruption of 1991
		Nuee ardentes devastated the main valleys radiating from Mt Pinatubo.
		At 4:30 pm the summit of Pinatubo began to sink.
	www.volcanolive.com /pinatubo1991.html (396 words)

	Mount Pinatubo
		The 1991 plinian eruption of Mount Pinatubo (15
		The Pinatubo climate forcing was stronger than the opposing, warming effects of either the El Niño event or anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the period 1991-1993.
		Analysis of the June 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo will provide a wealth of new information on the dynamics of large eruption plumes and on the emplacement of pyroclastic flow deposits.
	earth.agu.org /revgeophys/self00/node3.html (598 words)

	MT PINATUBO COOLING INCREASES CONFIDENCE IN CLIMATE MODELS. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The climate models accurately predicted what the results of Pinatubo's June 1991 eruption would be on the world's climate, increasing confidence in their estimates of future warming.
		The Pinatubo eruption was the largest this century, hurling millions of tonnes of sulphur compounds into the atmosphere.
		The eruption of Toba in Sumatra 73,000 years ago was even larger, and may have accelerated the onset of the last Ice Age.
	archive.greenpeace.org /climate/database/records/zgpz0652.html (201 words)

	Sun.Star Pampanga - Mt. Pinatubo now a health tourist spot
		Tourism Secretary Joseph Ace Durano said the launching of the Mt. Pinatubo Wellness Spa complements the efforts of the Department of Tourism (DOT) to further develop and promote the Philippines as a major health tourism destination in the Asian region.
		The Mt. Pinatubo Wellness Spa is an undertaking of two enterprising entrepreneurs from the Philippines-Korea Travel Agency Association, Patton Kim of Hana Tours and Chris Park of Philippines Number One Travel and Tours.
		"After a trek to Mt. Pinatubo, Kim became convinced of further developing the volcano and its surrounding areas as major tourist attractions with the local host population as the principal beneficiaries of such an initiative," Tiotuico said.
	www.sunstar.com.ph /static/pam/2005/06/03/bus/mt..pinatubo.now.a.health.tourist.spot.html (417 words)

	Operation Montserrat - Mt.Pinatubo Eruption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		On Mount Pinatubo there is a landslide, a few minor tremors, and, for a short time, steam emissions from old vents; but to most of us the mountain seems unchanged.
		The evacuation of communities and villages believed to be in harm's way is being carried out, in spite of protests by a handful of local farmers whose homes have been in their family's possession for many years.
		As it is, experts are saying that this is the century's largest volcanic eruption to affect a densely populated region anywhere in the world.
	www.spacecentre.co.uk /e-mission/3weeks/mtPinatuboEruption.html (799 words)

	The Manila Times Internet Edition \| REGIONS > Mt. Pinatubo still quiet, volcanologists assure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Phivolcs experts said it was not the first time water in the two kilometer-diameter crater lake changed color since it usually changed from blue to blue-green to white depending on the climate but it was the first time the water turned fl, baffling scientists who are now looking into the phenomenon.
		“The level of seismicity [of Mount Pinatubo] is considered normal since the volcano entered a period of repose after 1995,” he said.
		Mount Pinatubo erupted on July 16, 1991, killing at least 800 people all over Central Luzon and wreaking havoc with its rampaging lahar.
	www.manilatimes.net /national/2004/feb/14/yehey/prov/20040214pro13.html (875 words)

	Mount Pinatubo, Philippines expedition - Pangaea Expeditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Pinatubo was a long dormant volcano that exploded violently in 1990 and
		Pinatubo is approximately 30 miles north of former US Air Force Base- Clark Field.
		Pinatubo was a long dormant volcano that exploded violently in 1990 and briefly affected global weather when it released tons of ash into the atmosphere.
	www.pangaeaexpeditions.com /galleries/pinatubo (432 words)

	Mount Pinatubo Revisited: A Study of Lahar Erosion - Introduction
		The Pinatubo deposits are subdivided into two general groups based on the lithology and age of emplacement: the "ancestral" and the "modern." The ancestral Pinatubo (+ 1 million to +35,000 years B.P.) is an andesite-dacite stratovolcano of mostly laval flows and breccia deposits of laharic origin.
		Other factors contributing to the rapid erosion of lahars are: failure of lahar dams, secondary explosions produced by rapid vertical and lateral erosion of the pyroclastic flow deposits, and stream and river capture bringing deposits into new drainage systems.
		The lahars from Pinatubo have resulted in loss of lives and damage to properties in areas surrounding the volcano.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/fliers/pinaintr.shtml (493 words)

	[No title]
		The eruption of Mt. Pinatubo 1991 was the largest eruption in the past five decades.
		A team of U.S. geologists were invited to the Philippines to predict the volcanic eruption at Mt. Pinatubo.
		The materials injected into the stratosphere by Mt. Pinatubo circled in the globe in three weeks, and covered about 42% of the Earth's surface in only two months.
	geology.wcedu.pima.edu /~jholley/pinteruption.html (563 words)

	Pinatubo: our Ancestral Land, and to this place, we shall return
		We yearned to return to our own ancestral land at the foot of Mount Pinatubo, where no one forbade us from doing what we wanted, where we were free to live and plant our gardens.
		LAKAS leaders were convinced that we should find a place near Mount Pinatubo where we could physically see the mountain.
		The eruption of Mount Pinatubo did not prove to be a real disaster, it gave us opportunities to show the ‘straight-hair’ that we too have the ability to empower ourselves, walk with dignity and have the skills to govern and administer our own community.
	www.cpcabrisbane.org /Kasama/2001/V15n3/AYTAS_Essay.htm (2239 words)

	The Mysterious Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo
		On June 12, 1991, Mt. Pinatubo in the province of Sambales erupted.
		Mt. Pinatubo is considered the holy of holies by the Aeta peoples throughout the Philippines.
		Before the eruption, the Pinatubo Ayta peoples had complained that authorities from Clark were drilling holes into the side of their holy mount.
	www.geocities.com /Tokyo/Temple/9845/pinatubo.htm (701 words)

	Mitigation of Volcanic Disasters in Densely Populated Areas
		The eruption of Mt. Helens in the United States in 1980 saved, however, many lives by closing the approach roads to the Mt. St.
		Helens eruption in 1980 and Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991.
		Helens eruption, the abrupt onset of deep earthquakes and ground deformation on May 17 caused the scientists to issue the eruption forecast [8], whereas the eruption of Pinatubo in 1991 was forecasted two days before based on "intense unrest, including harmonic tremor and/or many low frequency earthquakes" [7].
	www.westnet.com /~dobran/publ.html (5883 words)

	Benefits of Volcano Monitoring Far Outweigh Costs&emdash;The Case of Mount Pinatubo, Fact Sheet 115-97
		The climactic June 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, Philippines, was the largest volcanic eruption in this century to affect a heavily populated area.
		The people living in the lowlands around Mount Pinatubo were alerted to the impending eruption by the forecasts, and many fled to towns at safer dis tances from the volcano or took shelter in buildings with strong roofs.
		The monitoring of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 and the successful forecasting of its cataclysmic June 15 eruption prevented property losses of at least $250 million (this figure is intentionally conservative and should be considered a minimum value).
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/1997/fs115-97 (1451 words)

	All set for the 6th Mt. Pinatubo Trek - Adventure Travel Lakbay Pilipinas
		According to DOT Regional Director Ronaldo Tiotuico, the annual trekking event aims to promote and develop Mt. Pinatubo as an ecotourism destination in the country and, at the same time, help build a better quality of life for the indigenous host communities living in the area through travel and tourism.
		Eight years after the volcano’s disastrous eruption on June 15, 1991, the Mt. Pinatubo Trek started in November 1999, after the discovery of an access trail system that leads to the bowels of the volcano in Bgy.
		The Mt. Pinatubo Trek is co-sponsored by the Angeles City Four Wheelers Club which will provide transportation to the participants.
	www.lakbaypilipinas.com /press_releases/20041110_pinatubo_trek.html (369 words)

	The Environmental Monitoring for Mt. Pinatubo Area in the Philippines Using Satellite Optical and SAR Data
		These data are used to analyze the effects of eruption from Mt. Pinatubo, the Philippines over a time period from 1991 (eruption time) to present (1997).
		Pinatubo that located the northern part of Luzon Island erupted hugely on June 15, 1991, and agriculture land and first in this area were suffered much damage owing to the eruption10.
		The use of vegetation index was thought to be the most appropriate method to evaluate the extent of the damage in the Pinatubo area.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1998/ts10/ts10007pf.htm (1310 words)

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