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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Brick
		A highly impervious and ornamental surface may be laid on brick either by salt glazing, in which salt is added during the burning process, or by the use of a "slip," which is a glaze material into which the bricks are dipped.
		Bricks are usually laid flat and as a result the effective limit on the width of a brick is set by the distance which can conveniently be spanned between the thumb and fingers of one hand, normally about four inches (about 100 mm).
		Bricks are made by kneading a mixture of crushed clay and other materials into a stiff mud and extruding it into a ribbon.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Brick (3704 words)

	Mudbrick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Once a building collapsed, new bricks would have to be made and the new structure rebuilt on top of the rubble of the decayed old brick.
		The Sumerians used bricks that were flat on the bottom and curved on the top, called plano-convex mudbricks.
		Some bricks were formed in a square mould and rounded so that the middle was thicker than the ends.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mud-brick (327 words)

	Adobe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An adobe brick is made of soil mixed with water and an organic material such as straw or animal dung.
		Bricks are made in an open frame, 25 cm (10 inches) by 36 cm (14 inches) is a reasonable size, but any convenient size is acceptable.
		The largest structure ever made from adobe (bricks), was the Bam Citadel, which suffered serious damage (up to 80%) by an earthquake on December 26, 2003.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adobe (727 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		Bricks, which are not always rectangular, may be baked in a kiln to terra cotta or sun-dried -- which is referred to as mud-brick or adobe.
		When it collapses, new brick would be brought in for any new building, which would be superimposed on the leveled ruins of the old, with the floor at a corresponding higher level.
		Mud brick was even used for royal palaces, fortresses, the great walls of temple precincts and towns, and for subsidiary buildings in temple complexes.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=brick (341 words)

	Making mud bricks
		The process of making mud bricks is one involving a number of factors all of which are important.
		Shovel mud from the dam into the brick mould(s) making sure corners are filled and trowel off with a swipe with the back of the shovel or spade.
		brick maker used a small front end loader to puddle then to drop a bucket of mud on a sheet of flat tin from where it was shovelled into individual moulds.
	www.theownerbuilder.com.au /articles/78_making_mud_bricks.htm (2022 words)

	Brick and Tile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Bricks are manufactured almost everywhere--because they are extensively used, because clay is found throughout the world, and because brick-making technology is relatively simple.
		Brick veneer, a kind of paneling made of shallow bricks joined by mortar, is fastened to interior walls for decorative purposes.
		Finished bricks of this composition have a buff, salmon, or red color because of the presence of the iron.
	members.aol.com /Volconis/Bricks.html (1651 words)

	Your Home Technical Manual - 3.4d Construction Systems - Mud Brick (Adobe)
		Mud brick wall construction has generally been the province of owner-builders, but a large proportion of mudbrick buildings are now constructed by or with the help of commercial builders.
		Mud bricks are laid on thick mortar beds that are essentially the same mix as the brick, but in its 'muddy' state.
		Mud bricks can be also be laid to form arches, particularly over small spans (less than a metre), and even domes, although this requires high levels of bricklaying skills as well as more stringent demands from engineering and approvals processes.
	www.greenhouse.gov.au /yourhome/technical/fs34d.htm (2149 words)

	Brick manufacture
		Mud bricks dried in the sun are still being made in Egypt today, but when we think of bricks we think of bricks made of clay and fired in an oven to make them hard.
		Brick surface textures were made by scratching with steel points (rug brick) or embossing designs by rollers as the clay column left the extruders.
		Bricks were formed under pressure in steam-heated steel moulds; pressure applied by an overhead steel plunger provides cohesion to the brick in lieu of sufficient water for plasticity.
	www.lostrivers.ca /points/Brickmaking.htm (1712 words)

	The Durban Self-Help Housing Project
		In the second case, solid mud brick walls fail due to the ingress of water into the brick, causing the clay component of the brick to swell and then shrink upon drying.
		While it is difficult to dislodge cost as the reason for choosing earth, the Australian team is pushing hard for mud brick to be accepted as a whole concept, with equal importance placed on environmental factors, energy conservation, and the potential for owner building.
		Because of the forgiving nature of mud brick, it is far easier for the novice to build a structurally sound dwelling in earth rather than in fired brick or concrete.
	www.selfhelphousing.org.za /mudbrick.html (474 words)

	Mud Bricks and Mud Brick Making
		Soil is the fundamental requirement of any mud brick, it must be stressed that soil will vary in respect to its availability yet the soil of a mud brick should be made up of two major components, a soil of clay content and a soil of top soil quality.
		There are several ways of blending mud and straw and one of the easiest ways to achieve this is by putting on gumboots if you prefer not to do this barefooted.
		The process of making the bricks after one has fully soaked and mixed the mixture is to lay ones mold or molds on even ground which is clean of debris.
	www.mrmud.com.au /mudbrick.htm (488 words)

	The Yemen's mud brick buildings - Place Architectural Review, The - Find Articles
		Mud bricks are still made in the traditional way with sterile earth and straw, which are first saturated with water, then cured in the sun, and turned several times.
		Fired bricks, known from ancient times, are obviously more durable, and the traditional ones are made of clay mixed with dung to create a pale buff, rather soft material that works well with the sun-dried vanety.
		Now, fired bricks are made without dung and come out hard, sharp and rather fiercely red, and do not harmonize with the traditional towers, of which they are increasingly forming upper floors (in Sana'a at least).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3575/is_1265_212/ai_90117382 (899 words)

	Archaeologists uncover 3700-year-old 'magical' birth brick in Egypt
		The ancient brick still preserves colorful painted scenes and figures: clearly visible is a mother holding her newborn baby, as well as magical images of gods whose role was to protect and aid the mother and baby at the time of birth.
		The birth brick recently unearthed was in an area clearly identified as a female residential section of the house.
		The Egyptian birth brick was associated with a specific goddess, Meskhenet, sometimes depicted in the form of a brick with a human head.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-07/uop-au3072502.php (777 words)

	Massive Indus Mud Brick Platform in Mohenjodaro
		large section of the mud brick platform in the UM Area was removed to be sure that it was not concealing other brick structures.
		The fired bricks of the upper buildings measured 7 x 15 x 29 cm (approximately 1:2:4 ratio), while those of earlier buildings at street level measured 6.5 x 13 x 26 cm (also approximately 1:2:4 ratio).
		This difference was thought by Dales to indicate a gradual increase in brick size over time, but at Harappa, the opposite pattern is found, with earlier bricks measuring around 7 cm thick while those of the later levels are around 6.5 cm thick.
	www.mohenjodaro.net /ancientindia92.html (113 words)

	Small Farms Magazine
		Determining future value is a difficult question because there are some prospective farm purchasers who would never look at a mud brick house no matter what the logical benefits might be and no matter what the lifestyle benefits might be.
		Mud brick has the advantage that it may appear simple - simply form the bricks in a frame or mould and leave them in the sun to dry.
		Mud construc-tion has the flexibility to be combined with walls of clay fired brick and other wall construction methods.
	www.smallfarms.net /buildmud.htm (1205 words)

	Were Burnt Bricks Used In Ancient Egypt In The Time of Moses?
		Furthermore, the burnt brick remains discovered at Nebesheh and Defenneh cannot simply be regarded as "minor" and unimportant based on the whims and desires of the uninformed Christian missionaries.
		To claim that the mention of burnt bricks during the times of Moses is a historical contradiction is simply a case of sheer ignorance and shows a poor understanding of construction techniques employed throughout the ancient Egyptian period.
		Specifically, when durability was required, burnt bricks were able to provide a qualitative advantage as compared to their mud brick counterparts, and it was in this setting that the burnt brick was used.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Quran/Contrad/External/burntbrick.html (3145 words)

	The Global Egyptian Museum \| Mud bricks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In Egypt, mud bricks were made of Nile mud, a mixture of clay and sand, sometimes mixed with bits of straw or animal droppings.
		The oldest mud bricks have been found in tombs dating from the Predynastic Period at Naqada and in royal tombs at Abydos.
		A mud brick fortification was built at Abydos in the 2nd Dynasty, the walls of which were more than ten meters high.
	www.globalegyptianmuseum.com /glossary.aspx?id=250 (231 words)

	ACS Distance Education
		Mud Brick Construction aims to develop an understanding of how to approach building with mud bricks.
		Mud brick building is also known by the alternative name 'adobe'.
		One mud brick should be made with each type of soil plus straw.
	www.acs.edu.au /alternative/alt_tech/mudbrick.aspx (550 words)

	Min & Andrew's family building page
		Mud bricks sit on course of 'normal' fired clay housebricks and an aluminium dampcourse.
		The mud bricks are keyed around this timber to help prevent in/out movement, and so there will not be a gap if the wall shrinks.
		Mud bricks are actually fairly poor insulators, however they are excellent thermal mass.
	www.users.bigpond.com /mouat/plans.htm (964 words)

	Brick Manufacturing Process (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		During this stage, a worker checks for defective bricks which are then taken off the belt to be recycled.
		A certain pattern is used to lay the brick so that each brick gets the right amount of exposure to heat in the kiln.
		As each car of green (unfired) bricks is fully loaded it goes into the entrance of the predryer.
	www.umich.edu /~bricks/brickwebsite/setting_drying/setting_drying_page1.htm (101 words)

	Satya April 03: Laurie Baker by Stephanie Miller
		Mud is gathered either at the construction site or very nearby, formed into bricks and dried in the sun.
		His own home, made entirely of mud brick, is a model of his recycling ethos; including timber salvaged from an old boat jetty.
		Let a brick wall look like a brick wall and a stone wall look like a stone wall.” Sensitive to the visual impact of the structure on its surroundings, terra cotta roof tiles and red brick walls also stain and age over time, blending harmoniously with the vegetation around them.
	www.satyamag.com /apr03/miller.html (1448 words)

	[No title]
		The evidence comprises of an irregular scattering of mud brick houses separated by refuse dumps and passageways.
		Use of dried brick and stone for domestic structures and defence walls Standardisation of bricks 3:2:1 Hearths; Ovens located on surface as well as below ground level Constructions of latrines, drains and washing areas Introduction of irrigation Use of ponds and oxbow lakes for agriculture, watering herds and fishing.
		Floor of sawn bricks set on edge in gypsum mortar with a layer of bitumen sealer sandwiched between the inner and outer brick skins.
	www.ancientindia.co.uk /staff/resources/background/bg23/bg23doc.doc (1599 words)

	Expanding Opportunities Photo Journal: Mud brick garage/storage, Kenya 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Mud brick making is reminiscent of younger days playing in the sandbox making mudpies.
		Mud Brick masory is performed in the same way as brick or stone.
		It is laid with a trowel and the mud bricks chipped and formed to fit.
	www.expandingopportunities.org /2004/pj04/bldg2.htm (442 words)

	Don Valley Brick Works Park
		At the Don Valley Brick Works Park, the normal flow of Mud Creek is diverted into the Park to flow through a series of ponds (1) where the water is cleaned naturally before being returned to the Don River.
		A community of Carolinian trees and plants (8) is being encouraged on the west side of the quarry and a large wildflower meadow (7) has been started in the central area.
		Their exhibit of pressed brick won the highest award at the World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, and they won two gold medals for their exhibit of brick and terracotta at the Toronto Industrial Fair of l894.
	www.lostrivers.ca /BrickWorksPark.htm (732 words)

	UPM Discovers "Magical" Birth Brick at Abydos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The colorfully decorated mud birth brick—the first ever found—is one of a pair that would have been used to support a woman’s feet while squatting during actual childbirth.
		On the newly discovered birth brick, the main scene shows a mother with her newborn boy, attended on either side by women and by Hathor, a cow goddess closely associated with birth and motherhood.
		The Egyptians likened the birth of a child to the rising of the sun at daybreak.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/research/Exp_Rese_Disc/AfricaEgypt/birthbrick/home.shtml (769 words)

	Become involved in the Egyptian Mud Brick Project!
		I have word that mud brick, mixed with the imprint of straw, can be found in the civil construction projects of Egypt's Sixth Dynasty.
		As far as is known, there existed no mud brick civil projects during the New Kingdom, the era when scholars had formally attributed the Hebrew Exodus.
		There have been some of you expressing a desire to go with me to Egypt's Valley of the Kings to find the "straw mud brick dynasty." Though this trip cannot be considered a tour, I would like nothing more than to have you come with me for moral support.
	www.prophecyinstitute.com /mbp.htm (1256 words)

	Egypt - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The broad expanse to the right of the canal is the Sinai Desert, and to the left is Egypt.
		Traditional mud brick houses in Lower Egypt with the local staple crop, maize, in the foreground.
		Most of the villages of Lower Egypt are built on the Nile delta, where the land is fertile and crops can be irrigated from the river.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Egypt (7147 words)

	OBJECT OIM_1347
		Although the ancient Egyptians are best known for their stone monuments, they also used mud bricks extensively for building.
		This brick, which bears the cartouche of Ramses II, was found within the walls of his great mortuary temple, the Ramesseum, along with many reused bricks stamped with the names of his predecessors.
		The bricks were made from river mud and straw, shaped in wooden molds and left to dry in the sun; the cartouche or other inscription was stamped on the brick while it was still damp and soft.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/MUS/HIGH/OIM_1347.html (158 words)

	Make It Mudbricks, the mudbrick specialists
		Our mud bricks are both strong and durable, as well as looking terrific.
		There are considerable cost savings in building a mud brick home as they are generally built as a single-skin structure and are also load bearing.
		Our mud bricks are produced by traditional puddle mixing which is recognised as the best method of making mud bricks.
	www.makeitmudbricks.com.au (351 words)

	The Toledo Mud Hens - Order Your Brick Today
		Any bricks purchased after February 16, 2005 will be installed at Fifth Third Field by opening day 2006.
		A contribution of $75 will buy a standard 4" x 8" brick engraved with your name or personal message.
		Bricks will be laser engraved, turning the tops into glass
	www.mudhens.com /brick (241 words)

	Mudbrick, Adobe, Pise - History for Kids!
		You take clay from the riverbank and mix it with water and straw, and pour it into wooden molds in the shape of bricks, and let it dry in the sun.
		When the bricks are dry, you can use them to build houses.
		If you fire the bricks (cook them) in a kiln before you build with them, the bricks will last much longer.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/architecture/mudbrick.htm (230 words)

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