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	mud coastlines
		Mud deposition is typically in protected, low energy environments such as estuaries and lagoons that also have an influx of dominantly fine-grained sediments.
		The mud banks of Surinam resemble linear sand ridges on the shelf of the eastern United States in shape, oblique orientation to the coastline, and orientation with respect to dominant direction of transport processes.
		The middle part of the intertidal flat is covered for about half of the tidal cycle and the nearly equal periods of suspension and bedload transport generate thin, parallel layered beds of alternating sand and mud with a tendency to coarsen in a seaward direction.
	geology.uprm.edu /Morelock/GEOLOCN_/mud.htm (1299 words)

	Geography Site: Coasts - Mud Flats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mud flats are typically found in areas where the tidal waters flow slowly, such as sheltered bays, estuaries, rias and along gently shelving coasts.
		Mud flats are covered at high tide and exposed as the tide drops.
		In rias, mud flats are often found in the remains of the valleys that were tributaries to the main submerged river.
	www.geography-site.co.uk /pages/physical/coastal/mudflats.html (336 words)

	Reopening of clam flats delayed - The Boston Globe
		The Merrimack mud flats were once one of the state's most productive clamming areas, the state agency said in a press release Monday.
		After state monitoring for the past three years, the Merrimack mud flats were deemed clean enough to reopen on a conditional basis this spring.
		When the flats do open, only professional diggers will be allowed to harvest, and any time it rains more than a quarter of an inch near the mouth of the river, they will be subject to closure for at least five days, Kennedy said.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2006/03/16/reopening_of_clam_flats_delayed (504 words)

	Mangroves
		With their dense vegetation, thick and often smelly mud, mangroves are not generally perceived to be particularly appealing habitats to visit.
		Mud flats or tidal flats are also held in poor regard by many visitors to the coast.
		In fact, in Thailand, mud flats are in many places part of the mangrove system, being areas not yet colonised by the salt-tolerant trees.
	www.geocities.com /~nesst/mangrove.htm (1396 words)

	Mud Flats: Life Under the Mud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		With the two separate siphons (moving in and out of the mud) the surface of the mud often has a dappled look to it that is distinctive to this clam.
		The blue mud shrimp, Upogebia pugettensis, is larger than the pink ghost shrimp and lives at a lower tide level.
		Often, while you are walking through the mud flat, you can see these 2-3 inch fish darting along in a puddle and down a hole as you approach.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/marinesci/03ecology/mfunder.htm (1640 words)

	World Builders Seaweeds
		Mud is carried to the sea by mature rivers that are slowly flowing over their flood plains.
		Mud flats really are flat, so a small difference in the height of the sea changes the water level.
		Tidal mud flats are visited by migrating water birds, and mud flats covered by deeper water support the vigorous growth of phytoplankton.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /courses/builders/lessons/less/les5/sand_and_mud.html (586 words)

	Mud flats are slow to reopen - The Boston Globe
		Mud flats are slow to reopen - The Boston Globe
		Now the state's Division of Marine Fisheries is set to reopen hundreds of acres of mud flats that run north from Pine Island Creek in Newbury along the Plum Island River and across the Merrimack River to Salisbury.
		There is some doubt, however, that the Merrimack flats will ever approach their former glory, due to the possibility of bacteria spikes in the summer and the purging process at the Newburyport plant, which can take some of the sweetness with it, Hunt said.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2005/08/18/mud_flats_are_slow_to_reopen/?page=2 (1129 words)

	Australian Museum - Wild Kids - Mangroves - Mud Whelk
		Mud Whelks live in among the aerial roots of mangroves.
		They are found on sandy flats, in estuarine mud flats and among mangroves.
		Mud Whelks eat mud as they crawl over the surface and digest food items from it.
	www.amonline.net.au /wild_kids/seashores/mud_whelk.htm (122 words)

	Take time to discover the Solway Coast
		The estuarine sand and mud hides a fantastic array of plants and animals that are usually overlooked.
		The estuary is governed by the daily ebb and flow of the tide and all of the plants and animals respond to this in a multitude of ways from the spectacular flights of wintering wading birds to the sight of porpoises chasing shoals of fish.
		The sand and mud flats are the engine room from which all other life around the estuary is dependent.
	www.solwaycoastaonb.org.uk /mudflats.php (185 words)

	Walleye Articles by Perry Good
		Flats are the least interesting types of structure in a lake.
		The exception in this case is the mud flats of Mille Lacs.
		They are mud plateaus that rise up from the floor of the lake and they have edges, holes, and inside turns, but on the top they have the qualities of a defined flat.
	www.walleyecentral.com /perry-springflats.htm (1216 words)

	National Laws —
		Mud flats also are rich ecosystems, home to bugs and worms and clams and tiny plants at the bottom of the food chain.
		Mud flats, Hume said, are classified in federal regulations as ``special aquatic resources'' that, like forested wetlands and salt marshes, should be replaced where ``appropriate and practicable.''
		The corps first required compensation for lost mud flats as part of a dredging project on the Lynnhaven River in Virginia Beach.
	www.wetlandswatch.org /issue_library/library_harper_071403.asp (886 words)

	GOM Times - Unearthing evidence that mud matters
		But the mud flats of the Upper Bay of Fundy beckoned to Hicklin in 1977 when he began working as an assistant to Richard Elliot, an Acadia University graduate student and later, colleague, friend, and now his supervisor at the CWS.
		These days, Hicklin is mired in paper more often than mud, spending most of his time in the office compiling his research on sandpipers, and setting up research plans for white-winged, surf, and fl scotors.
		This provides a hospitable environment for single-celled algae, or diatoms, that grow between the mud particles and produce an organic chemical that binds the grains together, creating a firm mud flat in which the Corophium can live.
	www.gulfofmaine.org /times/summer98/4a.html (1067 words)

	Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)
		Mud flats develop in sheltered places of the intertidal area.
		In the Sylt-Rømø Bay the area of mud flats is decreasing compared to the 20 and 30 of the last century.
		A possible increase in hydrodynamic activity may further reduce the area of mud flats in the future.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Benthic/CoastalEco/ecosystem_analysis/mud_flats.html (161 words)

	Mud Flats
		The mud flat receives nutrients from the tidal flow and the nearby marsh, particularly as it decays.
		This means that mud flats have a rich plant and animal life.
		Animals like oysters and clams that filter-feed live in mud flats because of the availability of plankton.
	www.mbgnet.net /salt/sandy/mudflats.htm (135 words)

	Mudflat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mudflats are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by the tides or rivers, sea and oceans.
		They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries.
		Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of estuarine silts, clays and marine animal detritus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mud_flat (231 words)

	230.42 Mud flats. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		(a) Mud flats are broad flat areas along the sea coast and in coastal rivers to the head of tidal influence and in inland lakes, ponds, and riverine systems.
		When mud flats are inundated, wind and wave action may resuspend bottom sediments.
		Coastal mud flats are exposed at extremely low tides and inundated at high tides with the water table at or near the surface of the substrate.
	www.setonresourcecenter.com /cfr/40CFR/P230_028.HTM (210 words)

	Mud Flats of Eupleides
		Mud Flats are like the horizon between terra (land) and aqua (water).
		Thinner than Rumples, these mud flat grasses are as tall as Psilos plants.
		They are the largest group of primary producers in mud flat ecology.
	curriculum.calstatela.edu /courses/builders/worlds/planets_03/eupleides/pwateco.html (650 words)

	ChessBase.com - Chess News - Chess on the mud flats
		The area is genuinely flat, so that the sea recedes to a great distance – sometimes miles – during low tide, and then comes in quickly, covering large areas in a very short space of time, when the tide comes in.
		The mud flat tournament is the brainchild of Horst Unger, who first staged it in 2002.
		This year the mud flat tournament was plagued by inclement weather.
	www.chessbase.com /newsdetail.asp?newsid=3283 (486 words)

	Salt Marshes & Mud Flats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		alt marshes and mud flats are coastal ecosystems.
		The center is home to salt marshes, mud flats, and mangrove forests.
		Not surprisingly, cutting off salt marshes, mud flats and mangroves from the ocean and tidal influences had a dramatic affect.
	www.cutlervillecs.org /links/oceans/data/mudflats/index.htm (774 words)

	Kite Aerial Photography - Coyote Hills Mud Flats
		I, on the other hand, started noticing how the light was striking a small mud flat near the parking lot.
		The light was low and warm and the flat had two types of grass growing on it: tall (8') brown stands and short (1') green clumps.
		The dried mud texture was so fine that I shot a quick series of plan-view portraits of myself and the boys lying down.
	arch.ced.berkeley.edu /kap/gallery/gal046.html (361 words)

	JS Online: Firm ready to clean mud flats at Cedar Creek
		The environmental officials must decide how much of the exposed mud flats should be removed now and whether or not sediment on the bottom of the narrow stream could be removed later, Brunette said.
		A snow fence was erected along the former impoundment immediately after heavy spring rains in April 1996 undercut the historic structure and it was declared a hazard.
		A DNR fact sheet given to him and his neighbors soon after the dam failed states that remediation of contaminated mud flats would be done in the summer or fall of 1996.
	www.jsonline.com /news/ozwash/mar00/creek06030500a.asp?format=print (890 words)

	Earthquake: Other geologic hazards in Alaska--Mudflats
		Geologically, the mud in Turnagain Arm consists of fine silt particles, the end result of glaciers grinding away on the surrounding mountains.
		This silt, or glacial flour, is suspended by water droplets in the mud.
		Several years ago, one woman drowned after rescuers were unable to free her from the mud before the tide returned.
	www.uaf.edu /seagrant/earthquake/hazards5.html (426 words)

	The Panic Blog: A Big Stick In The Mud
		The rope pulled taut and it looked like the man was going to finally be free of the mud when – pop- he was ripped in half, leaving this hips and legs in the mud and his upper body swinging wildly from the helicopter’s rope.
		In September 1988, a newlywed husband and wife on four-wheelers took off across the mud flats bound for “the other side of the inlet” on a mining expedition (they were clearly not the sharpest cheese in the chandelier to begin with).
		Since then the Anchorage Fire Department developed special procedures for handling the mud flats and have a whole range of tools to extract people from the mud including hovercraft, high pressure hoses, and special “moon boots” which distribute the weight of the rescuers so they will not be sucked into the mud themselves.
	panic-e.blogspot.com /2005/08/big-stick-in-mud.html (1129 words)

	Mud Flats: Surface Mud Dwellers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sea spaghetti, Gracilariopsis sjoestedtii, grows half-buried in the mud and is a common food for many of the mud flat herbivores.
		The golden sheen on the surface of the mud is a layer of diatoms.
		These mud flat diatoms are elongated (pennate) and come to the surface of the mud when the tide is out.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/marinesci/03ecology/mfsurface.htm (824 words)

	Bolivar Flats Shorebird Sanctuary
		Decomposing plant material derived from the salt marsh and delivered by the coastal currents feeds millions of small worms, shrimp and clams which live in the mud flats.
		The Bolivar Flats Shorebird Sanctuary consists of salt marsh, beach and uplands that were created as these sediments accumulated.
		Bolivar Flats has been recognized by the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network as an important resting and feeding location for migrating shorebirds from throughout the Western Hemisphere.
	www.houstonaudubon.org /index.cfm/MenuItemID/224/MenuSubID/21.htm (414 words)

	Fort Myers Beach Eco-Archaeo Trail : ESTERO BAY AQUATIC PRESERVE : Mud Flats
		Nothing is more exciting than a good muck about in a healthy, dynamic, fresh smelling mud flat.
		This process is evident on the mud flats.
		When the tide comes in and covers the flats, it brings with it predators to feed on the crabs, amphipods, and snails.
	www.ecotrail.com /mud_flats.htm (156 words)

	Mud Flats: Sample Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mud flat coastlines are found in areas with _____ waves.
		A large carnivorous _____ snail is able to drill a distinctive funnel-shaped hole in the shell of its prey.
		Various types of worms, clams, and ghost shrimp live _____ the surface in mud flats.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/marinesci/03ecology/mfques.htm (151 words)

	Flats Fishing
		Sand and mud flats fishing refers to the many near coastal areas of Southern California sea bottom that is covered with sand or mud.
		Flats fishing is probably the easiest type of fishing along the Southern California coast.
		Following is a chart of the commonly caught flats fish, the time of year you're likely to catch them, and the preferred depths.
	mysite.verizon.net /jeffspira/hp_flat.html (856 words)

	Girl, 5, dies after mud flats ordeal \| The Guardian \| Guardian Unlimited
		A five-year-old girl who was trapped on mud flats while out walking with her father died last night.
		The Burnham coastguard mud rescue team was scrambled to the scene along with a rescue helicopter from RAF Chivenor.
		A coastguard spokesman said the rescue team managed to locate the man, who was winched to safety, but his daughter was missing for some time before she was spotted.
	www.guardian.co.uk /uk_news/story/0,3604,742613,00.html (302 words)

	Ingleside Baptist Church Dredging Plan
		Government regulators have heightened their scrutiny of maritime projects affecting mud flats in recent years.
		mud flats in both waters, and have stopped at the entrances to narrow, ancillary channels where most sensitive areas exist.
		dredging can be performed in these thin fingers, given the amount of mud flats within them and because of tight government regulation.
	hometown.aol.com /suzonlyne/VaPilotSailing.html (1050 words)

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