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Topic: Mudbrick

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	Mudbrick - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mudbrick was used for the outer contruction of Sumerian ziggurats — some of the world's largest and oldest constructions.
		The earliest use of mudbricks was in the Near East during the Pre-pottery Neolithic B period.
		Adobe is a common substitute for the word mudbrick.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mudbrick (273 words)

	Energy ratings threaten mudbrick houses - National - www.theage.com.au
		Mudbrick houses, the traditional domain of conservationists and alternative-lifestyle devotees, are under threat from the State Government's five-star energy standard - which, ironically, was introduced to improve the environmental performance of homes.
		Under the guidelines, introduced in July, adobe or mudbricks are considered an unsuitable building material because of their poor thermal rating, making it virtually impossible to obtain a building permit for a new mudbrick dwelling.
		Mudbrick builder and president of the NMA Michael Young said the Sustainable Energy Authority's modelling programs were flawed and had ignored many of the environmental benefits of mudbrick design.
	www.theage.com.au /news/National/Energy-ratings-threaten-mudbrick-houses/2004/12/25/1103825127202.html?oneclick=true (412 words)

	Sustainable Earth Technologies - Construction
		Mudbrick, also referred to by the Spanish name of 'Adobe' which means mud or puddled earth, generally refers to the technique of building with sun-dried mud blocks in either load bearing or non load bearing construction.
		Mudbricks are typically 250 mm wide x 125 mm high x 375 mm long and normally made from earth with a clay content of 50 to 80% with the remainder comprising a grading of sand, silt or gravel.
		Mortar for mudbrick laying is either a traditional sand/cement mortar or a fine aggregate soil mortar preferably made from the same parent material as the mudbrick units.
	www.sustainable.com.au /construction.html (601 words)

	NOVA Online/Pyramids/Full Report (3)
		Underneath a layer of fallen mudbrick and stone -- the collapse and deterioration of the walls such as we have found in almost every square -- the east-west line of the large mudbrick wall continues (890, 893), here more as a single construction than in D17 and D14 (fig.
		In summary, while the large mudbrick wall that was our original interest may turn a corner in D8, other walls show that the whole complex continues father west and south.
		East of these pedestals, mudbrick walls (790, 792) enclosed a long narrow gallery, or magazine, the interior walls of which were lightly plastered with tafla (desert clay).
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/pyramid/excavation/fullreport3.html (1443 words)

	tajabsites
		The original structure was built largely in mudbrick, probably with a subcircular tower in the SW corner and another, perhaps guarding a gateway, in the centre of the north wall.
		Latterly, the structure was substantially rebuilt and repaired, with the addition of rectangular mudbrick towers, on stone foundations in the NW and SW corners.
		A cluster of ruined mudbrick buildings and stone enclosure walls, close to the edge of the river, marking the site of a small medieval settlement, including the ruins of a mudbrick church measuring c.14.2 x 7.4m.
	www.spicey.demon.co.uk /Nubianpage/tajabsites.html (1774 words)

	[No title]
		More fragmentary remains of these mudbrick structures were also discovered in the southern range of trenches (J.4-8), where the later city wall had cut and partially covered the mudbrick structures.
		Mudbrick basilicas are attested in Egypt in the fourth century.
		These mudbrick structures were cut by construction of a massive stone curtain wall and projecting tower, the most important architectural discovery of the season.
	www.chass.ncsu.edu /history/rapweb/areaj.htm (2866 words)

	2004
		These were the foundations of the mudbrick superstructure, belonging to the huge public structure (a palace?) of the Middle Bronze Age II, uncovered in previous seasons in the southern section of Area A-4.
		The floors of the MB structure (one made of pebbles and nicely plastered) were cleared, the mudbrick superstructure was dismantled and the material spread between the stone foundations, was well packed, and served as a fill.
		How did the mudbrick walls survive to almost their original height of over 4 m., until the halls were filled in the Iron Age II?—The fact that the halls were completely filled in the Iron Age by a fill containing thousands of Iron II sherds was noted during the 2003 and 2004 excavation seasons.
	unixware.mscc.huji.ac.il /~hatsor/2005.htm (2520 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Building and Using a Mudbrick Oven
		A mudbrick oven looks like a beehive, a hemispherical cone, or the top of a giant's helmet partially buried in the ground.
		Mudbrick is one of the most ancient building methods in the world.
		Learning to build a mudbrick oven is an ideal introduction to general mudbrick construction and gaining experience of bricklaying and small dome building can lead to more elaborate and skilled construction.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A1170974 (1639 words)

	Wine of the Week - Mudbrick Reserve Syrah 2002
		James Rowan's poetic and tantalising tasting notes for his Mudbrick wines stir the imagination and help you understand the romantic passion that lies within this young winemaker, a passion for producing intimate wines for which the key is undoubtably enjoyment for the drinker.
		But it was a tasting at the Mudbrick cellar door on Waiheke Island, which meant I was allured by the beautiful surroundings of the Mudbrick Vineyard and Restaurant.
		Right now the wine is available from the Mudbrick Vineyard where it can be purchased at the cellar door for $38 a bottle or in the restaurant for $59 a bottle or $12 a glass.
	www.wineoftheweek.com /archives/wine031005.html (756 words)

	Mud Bricks and Mud Brick Making
		Foremost in the minds of most mudbrick practitioners is the simplistic and basic energy required to achieve this wonderful building material.
		Soil is the fundamental requirement of any mud brick, it must be stressed that soil will vary in respect to its availability yet the soil of a mud brick should be made up of two major components, a soil of clay content and a soil of top soil quality.
		The process of making a puddled mudbrick can vary either in the fact of it being made from a commercial point of view or from the owner builder point of view.
	users.tpg.com.au /adsl7o8k/mrmud/mudbrick.htm (488 words)

	NOVA Online/Pyramids/Excavation/Full Report (4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Two large jars, nearly complete except that the back hoe had sheared off their tops, were embedded in the floor in front of this "fireplace." Among the many pottery sherds in the nearby layers, were several large pieces of large vats, like those from the younger overlying bakeries.
		However, all this was buried by the time the bakeries, and the large mudbrick wall to which they attach, were built.
		From the younger phase, we also found a cache of gigantic bread pots that had been stacked upside down in a compartment built into the main enclosure wall that we were tracing.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/pyramid/excavation/fullreport4.html (922 words)

	U.C. Berkeley Excavations at El Hibeh
		We continued to investigate and define the mudbrick walls that were appearing at the very end of the 2001 season.
		It is clear now that the building is quite a large structure (Figures 17, 18, 19), and that the mudbrick and limestone blocks are part of the same structure.
		Preliminary dating of this pottery is 4th-6th century C.E. In an area at the southern end of the temenos enclosure, close to the remnants of the southern mudbrick temenos wall, four limestone blocks in a row were visible on the surface.
	neareastern.berkeley.edu /hibeh/02_report_excavation.htm (587 words)

	About Mudbrick Restaurant & Vineyard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		They purchased Mudbrick in 1992 when Nicholas was 28 and Robyn was 27 years old.
		After a bath in their Mudbrick “barn house” one night, Nicholas suggested to Robyn as they sat, sipping wine on the terrace overlooking the Hauraki Gulf, that they set up a “Café”, to produce food to complement their wines in one of the best environments on earth.
		Robyn stated that if she were to be involved with a “café” it would have to be a nice one.
	www.mudbrick.co.nz /aboutus.htm (829 words)

	Tuneinir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Archbishop Matta Rohm of the Syrian Orthodox Church (left) and Professor Michael Fuller (right) discuss the functions of a mudbrick lined niche in the north wall of the sacristry which was located south of the haikal.
		Five fragments of a broken fired brick were reused in an outdoor altar built against the south outer wall of the mudbrick church during the Ayyubid Period.
		This feature was constructed on top of the ruined mudbrick church during the Ayyubid Period or Al-Khanid Period.
	users.stlcc.edu /mfuller/area3architecture.html (608 words)

	TN: Mud and melancholy (NZ, pt. 10, img)
		Mudbrick 2004 Syrah (barrel sample) (Waiheke Island) — Resinous, gummy blueberry and leather — this is thick — with good balance and a polished finish.
		Mudbrick 2004 Cabernet Sauvignon (barrel sample) (Waiheke Island) — From a block of vines near the winery in which we’re standing.
		Mudbrick 2004 Pinot Noir (Marlborough) — Sweet plum and fragrant strawberry with graphite notes and an excellent balance of structural tannin and acidity.
	www.wineloverspage.com /user_submitted/wine_notes/tn_553574.html (1447 words)

	Mallacoota
		I wasn't too sure about them myself -but again, mudbricks are tough and only after exceptionally heavy rains was there any loss of bricks.
		The local council was very helpful and considerate, even though this was the first venture in mudbrick as a building material in the district.
		Kitchen waste goes to the compost heap, bottles are cut up for a future building project (inset mosaic work with the sun shining right through the mudbrick walls) or broken up for aggregate in concreting (such as footings).
	www.adobeholidayflats.com.au /happhost.html (1710 words)

	Products \| Case Studies - Exabyte (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mudbrick had its genesis as a science foundation, and grew into a full-blown video production company utilizing the Panasonic Varicam and Apple's Final Cut Pro HD to produce high-definition video to re-acquaint John Q. Public with the remarkable facets of science and discovery.
		Over a dozen Mudbrick Media videographers, editors, CG artists, sound engineers and composers collaborate with the on-staff scientific team to produce, edit, and lay down the soundtrack for their original video science programming.
		Mudbrick made a conscious choice to add to their tape library and not overwrite previous week's tapes, so they accumulate rather than rotate.
	www.exabyte.com /products/casestudies/display.cfm?id=3062 (1031 words)

	PORTALS TO ETERNITY
		The surfaces of the mudbrick tombs and their attached altars were stuccoed and became fields for fresco paintings of festive "peopled" garlands, accoutrements and personnel of the cult and linear framing bands.
		It seems that the fresco decorations were intended to convey the impression that a perpetual festival for the dead was in progress in front of and presumably beyond the tomb structure's symbolic entrance.
		The tomb's mudbrick podiums were built into the rolling terrain in conformity with the topography.
	www.umich.edu /~kelseydb/Exhibits/PortalsToEternity/Necropolis.html (1231 words)

	[No title]
		The mudbrick structure with which we are concerned was identified in the northern row of trenches, designated J.1, 2, and 3.
		In the two rooms layers of tumbled mudbrick were found within the windblown sand which filled the rooms.
		The bricks of the "massive mound" upon close examination appeared to be articulated, suggesting the mound was in fact a standing vaulted room of mudbrick.
	www.chass.ncsu.edu /history/rapweb/1997.htm (1843 words)

	The Heuneburg
		On the left of the photograph the towers of the mudbrick wall can be clearly seen.
		Even though the mudbrick construction technique may seem poorly suited to the German climate, it proved to be remarkably stable.
		Aided by a repeatedly applied layer of whitewash, the wall was protected against 60-70 years of the detrimental effects of a damp climate, whereas the wooden structures inside the wall had to be completely replaced five times during the same time span.
	www.dhm.de /museen/heuneburg/en/weg_burg2.html (344 words)

	Mudbrick_Vs_Burnt_Bricks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Mudbrick making and laying is very simple and can be easily learnt by even the most practically inexperienced person.
		Mudbrick walls have much greater variation in shape, texture and colour than most burnt clay bricks and so are more aesthetically pleasing.
		Because of the greater mouldability of mudbricks, a greater flexibility in wall shape is possible with mudbrick than burnt brick.
	www.webpoint.com.au /earthways/Earthways_Mudbrick_Vs_Burnt_Bricks.htm (180 words)

	Early Materials Forum - abstracts - A. Shugar
		The use of sun-dried mudbrick as a construction material in Greece dates to the Early Neolithic, and by the Bronze age it was widely used throughout Greece.
		This omission is perhaps due to a lack of visibility which is in part attributable to the tendency of this material to disaggregate upon abandonment.
		The significance of mudbrick as a material derives from the volume of material required to construct a settlement and the manner in which it is produced may constrain or limit settlement.
	www.ucl.ac.uk /emf/meetings/nov01/Abstracts/frederick.htm (162 words)

	Concepts
		A range of external wall materials can be used in Post and Beam houses; mudbrick is the most popular but bluestone, granite, sandstone, kilnfired brick and cedar can all be used to great effect.
		When a high mass material such as mudbrick is used, the homes are very solid and thermally efficient, keeping expensive heating and cooling requirements to a minimum.
		Built from mudbricks, cypress posts, oregon beams and rafters, western red cedar doors and windows, pine ceiling linings and flooring to the loft and steel roofing, Zincalume or Colorbond, both the Clerestory and Loft Series homes are virtually maintenance free.
	www.postbeam.com.au /html/body_concepts.html (365 words)

	SOS: Restoring Mudbrick Walls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The monks who built the structures that we are unburying used mudbrick as their primary building material.
		There's no question that the mudbrick is full of clues that are helpful for understanding the past.
		The problems with restoring mudbrick are that it disintegrates with too much water, it crumbles with too little water, and it wears away with wind and blowing sand.
	www.website1.com /Odyssey/week9/SOS02.html (407 words)

	Gordion Ecopark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		We thought that unbaked mudbrick might melt slowly and stick to the bottom of the channels as the winter rains progressed.
		In the second channel we had mudbrick rows spaced every 30 cm instead of every 5 cm, and only a few seeds were planted.
		We continue to set mudbrick in the erosion channels and have distributed a mixture of wild seeds between the brick rows.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~nmiller0/ecopark.html (1570 words)

	MVAP Trench PC 23 Week 1
		In the western end of the trench a large mudbrick fall was uncovered.
		The answers to these two questions will be key in determining if the mudbrick is indeed a spill from an exterior wall, a spill from an interior wall, or a floor packing.
		As we have progressed with excavation in the western area of the trench it has become clear that the extent of the mudbrick spill is quite larger than I had believed.
	www.smu.edu /poggio/pc23wk1.html (572 words)

	Brickbats for rating decision - National - www.theage.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Australia's leading proponent of mudbrick architecture, Alastair Knox, designed their house and the couple handmade almost 3000 mudbricks with soil, straw and other natural materials gathered from their 3.4-hectare property.
		She says design and orientation are critical to any house's environmental performance, particularly a mudbrick dwelling.
		Despite mudbricks' poor thermal rating from the Sustainable Energy Authority, Mrs Pittard says her home retains heat in winter.
	www.theage.com.au /news/National/Brickbats-for-rating-decision/2004/12/25/1103825127199.html?from=moreStories (280 words)

	Mudbrick, Adobe, Pise - History for Kids!
		Most houses in ancient Europe, Asia, and Africa were built out of mudbrick.
		You take clay from the riverbank and mix it with water and straw, and pour it into wooden molds in the shape of bricks, and let it dry in the sun.
		This is a very cheap way to build houses, although it doesn't last very long because rain will gradually erode the mudbrick.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/architecture/mudbrick.htm (217 words)

	Conservation of mudbrick architecture: UNESCO Secteur de la culture
		The conservation of mudbrick architecture is an especially delicate task for archaeologists and conservators since this kind of structures are extremely fragile and vulnerable to environmental factors such as heavy rainfall, humidity, wind, salt efflorescence and temperature variations.
		The Iraqi State Board for Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH) is in urgent need of professional upgrading; training in conservation theories and practice is vital at this stage, considering the huge number of sites affected by the risk of deterioration, the scarcity of resources available to the responsible authorities and the special conjuncture facing the country.
		Given the close similarity between mudbrick architecture in Southern Iran (Khuzistan, ancient Elam) and Southern Iraq (ancient Mesopotamia), especially for archaeological sites dating from the 4th to the 1st millennium BC, great advantage can be drawn from the experience gathered in the UNESCO mudbrick conservation project conducted over the last years in Choga Zanbil, Iran.
	portal.unesco.org /culture/fr/ev.php-URL_ID=24255&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (519 words)

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