Mueller Lyer illusion

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Topic: Mueller Lyer illusion

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	Mueller-Lyer illusion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mueller-Lyer illusion occurs because the visual system processes that judge depth and distance assume in general that the “angles in” configuration corresponds to an object which is closer, and the “angles out” configuration corresponds to an object which is far away.
		In the Mueller-Lyer illusion, the visual system detects the depth cues, which are usually associated with 3D scenes, and incorrectly decides it is a 3D drawing.
		The Mueller-Lyer illusion is an optical illusion consisting of nothing more than an arrow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mueller-Lyer_illusion (481 words)

	Mueller-Lyer
		For example, we might be able to use a Method of Limits to measure the effect on the illusion of the size of the angles, the overall size or distance from the viewer, the texture, or some other aspect of the figure.
		The size of the illusion is the difference between the PSE and the actual point of equality.
		With confidence in such a method, we could use it to measure effects on the illusion that might be rather small and difficult to detect in the normal free viewing situation.
	www.psychology.pomona.edu /mueller-lyer (1207 words)

	Classic Line Illusions and the Depth Hypothesis
		In the Ponzo illusion (Figure 2) the two angled lines induce a sense of depth through linear perspective, a trick routinely used by artists to give the impression that something (such as a road) is receding into the background.
		Illusions are errors in perception, so an illusory effect is a measure of error.
		Using the same reasoning applied to the Ponzo illusion, the lower 'edge' is interpreted as extending away from the observer, whereas the upper 'edge' is interpreted as jutting out toward the observer.
	www.sdecnet.com /psychology/illusion.htm (922 words)

	Journal of Vision - The effect of chromaticities and shaft occlusion on the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion, by Miyahara, Klerer, Muna, & Hwang
		To examine changes in magnitude of the Brentano version of the Mueller-Lyer illusion by varying the chromaticities of the shaft and arrows along the cone-excitation axes and the occlusion of the shaft.
		Miyahara, E., Klerer, A. J., Muna, K. E., and Hwang, P. The effect of chromaticities and shaft occlusion on the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion [Abstract].
		The effect of chromaticities and shaft occlusion on the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion
	www.journalofvision.org /5/8/57 (440 words)

	Journal of Vision - Differential effects of the Müller-Lyer illusion on reflexive and voluntary saccades, by McCarley, Kramer, & DiGirolamo
		Effects of the illusion, however, were greater for voluntary than reflexive movements, with reflexive saccade amplitudes being biased by a mean of.29°, SE =.03, in the direction of the perceived changes in target distance (compared to saccade amplitudes within control figures) and voluntary saccade amplitudes being biased by a mean of.77°, SE =.08.
		Experiment 2 demonstrated that the modest effects of the M-L illusion on reflexive movements were not the result of endogenous or anticipatory saccade planning, and were not modulated by the strength of the saccade go-signal.
		Contrary to the possibility that differences in mean latency might account for the differential susceptibility of reflexive and voluntary movements to the M-L illusion, or that a small number of voluntary movements might have contaminated the reflexive saccade data, latency did nothing to modulate the influence of the illusion on reflexive saccades.
	www.journalofvision.org /3/11/9/article.aspx (5782 words)

	The Visual and the Haptic Müller-Lyer Illusions: Correlation Study
		In the Müller-Lyer illusion, the evaluation of the length of a segment is modified in independence of the orientation of the arrowheads situated at both ends.
		A complementary interpretation is that the observed correlations between the visual illusion and the haptic illusion may be partially explained by the visualisation process used by the participants during the haptic task.
		However, the fact that this illusion is present in both modalities does not necessarily imply that the errors are correlated when they are measured in the same participants.
	cpl.revues.org /document431.html (3317 words)

	Muller-Lyer distortion illusion
		Jane has this illusion that John is in love with her.
		distortion social distortion illusion muller lillian muller optical illusion particle illusion furniture thomas muller
		We saw what looked like a tiger among the trees, but it was an illusion caused by the shadows of the branches.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Muller-Lyer_distortion_illusion.html (374 words)

	Mueller-Lyer Illusion
		Dewar RE (1967) Stimulus determinants of the magnitude of the Mueller-Lyer illusion.
		Restle F and Decker J (1977) Size of the Mueller-Lyer illusion as a function of its dimensions: Theory and data.
		Adam J and Bateman L (1983) A correlational analysis of symmetry between the arrowhead and featherhead Mueller-Lyer illusions.
	www.michaelbach.de /ot/sze_muelue/index.html (383 words)

	Perception of Optical Illusions
		This is similar to the Müeller-Lyer illusion found later in the test.
		The illusion that the two ends of a straight line segment passing behind an obscuring rectangle are offset when, in fact, they are aligned.
		This illusion is truly ambiguous because it is easy to both possibilities and you perception of the image will actually change as you stare at the picture.
	www.illusions.1570films.com (781 words)

	Eluzions' Optical Illusions
		The most famous illusions in psychology are the Mueller-Lyer illusion (two lines with opposing arrowheads), the impossible triangle, and the Necker cube.
		Optical illusions were exploited in optical art, and by artists such as Escher and Dali.
		The variation in the apparent size of the Moon (larger when near the horizon) is an example of a natural illusion that is an optical phenomenon.
	eluzions.com /Illusions (291 words)

	The Effect of Contrast on the Mueller-Lyer Illusion
		Previous research has shown that the strenghth of the Mueller-Lyer illusion is affected by the contrast between the background and the eye-lines: "the lightness contrast level of the Mueller-Lyer figures inducing lines affects the magnitude of the illusion as a function of the amount of contrast (Ebert and Pollack 1972).
		Thus Butler researched the contrast effect on the Mueller-Lyer illusion, using what he felt were the needed controls, and found that the contrast between figure and background had no more affect for the illusion lines than for the control lines.
		Their belief was that, "Since lateral inhibition is a function of brightness contrast, it follows that the Mueller-Lyer illusion should be a function of brightness contrast" Coren and Girgus (1978).
	www.alma.edu /departments/psychology/sp2002/mrbposter/mlcontrast.htm (828 words)

	Effect of Muller-Lyer Illusion
		Muller-Lyer illusion dot to dot without line compared to control line; Muller-Lyer illusion tails-out compared to tails-out without line; Muller-Lyer illusion tails-out with dot in the middle compared to just tails-out; tails-out with several dots in the middle compared to just tails-out.
		Sekuler, R., & Erlebacher, A. The two illusions of Muller- Lyer: Confusion theory reexamined.
		The results of Muller-Lyer illusion in eight different configurations, shown as four groups.
	www2.alma.edu /academics/psychology/posters/SP99/Sveta/svetlana.html (734 words)

	Mueller-Lyer Start Page
		This version of the Mueller-Lyer illusion was developed to study fin angle as a variable in length discrimination.
		Participants adjust a straight line segment until it appears to the same length as the straight line segment in one of the stimulus pairs that make up the traditional Mueller-Lyer illusion.
	psychexps.olemiss.edu /Exps/Mueller_Lyer/startml.htm (60 words)

	MÜLLER-LYER ILLUSION: Psychology Department, Langara College
		The illusion can be enhanced or diminished by elongating or shortening the wings at the ends of the lines, suggesting the wings provide depth cues normally found in real-world contexts.
		The difficulty encountered with this classic illusion illustrates the pre-eminence of the unconscious elements of perception over willful endeavour: Two lines of equal length appear otherwise, even if the observer has measured the actual length of the standard and comparison lines.
		For example, if the two lines of the illusion are placed vertically as in Figure 2 below, the 'A' line could be the inside corner of a room and the 'B' line could be the outside corner of a building.
	www.langara.bc.ca /psychology/muller.htm (482 words)

	Gordon M. Redding's Web Site
		The inward-wings Müller-Lyer illusion is a monotonic function of inter-wing-tip distance.
		The Müller-Lyer illusion: effects of contextual and focal stimuli duration.
		The Müller-Lyer Contrast illusion: Effects of contextual and focal stimuli durations.
	www.psychology.ilstu.edu /gredding/students_reports.htm (923 words)

	Optical Illusions: Seeing Is Not Believing
		Even the famous Mueller-Lyer illusion was introduced and twelve theories were made to explain the illusion.
		In the beginning, people didn’t know when they were looking at an optical illusion if their brain was playing tricks on them or if their eyes were playing tricks on them.
		Nobody knows why optical illusions became interesting again, but now we have lots of illusions of different types.
	library.thinkquest.org /J0110336/history.htm (447 words)

	Introduction to Müller-Lyer
		Several effects are thought to contribute to the Müller-Lyer illusion.
		If the figures are interpreted in three dimensions, the upper image is seen as the outside edge of a box, whereas the lower image is seen as the inside edge of a box.
		This is another illustration of size constancy, in which objects retain their size despite increases in distance from the observer.
	epsych.msstate.edu /descriptive/Vision/muller_ly (135 words)

	Social Behavior and Personality: IMPACT OF ANXIETY AND GENDER ON PERCEIVING THE MUELLER-LYER ILLUSION, THE
		This study aimed at investigating the relationship between anxiety, gender and the Mueller-Lyer illusion perception among a sample of 242 undergraduate students (66 males and 176 females), of Kuwait University, Kuwait, to the Mueller-Lyer and Horizontal-Vertical illusion forms.
		Their results revealed that the mean error of the magnitude of illusion for the low anxious group of subjects was greater than the mean error of the high anxious group of subjects.
		However, the data did show some significant difference in relationship between anxiety and the perception of illusion, with males exhibiting higher scores for anxiety tending to have higher illusion error scores than males with low anxiety scores.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3852/is_200501/ai_n9520811 (1315 words)

	Perception abstract
		The pattern of these results suggests that theories of Müller-Lyer decrement must incorporate a factor attributable to, or correlated with, inspection time, whose effect in reducing illusion magnitude is confined mainly to the first 1 or 2 min of active visual inspection of the Brentano illusion figure.
		Two experiments are reported in which the decline or decrement in the magnitude of the Brentano Muëller-Lyer illusion was measured.
		However, illusion decrement was independent of the duration of the inspection period, with equivalent amounts of decrement occurring across the range of viewing times examined in the two experiments.
	www.perceptionweb.com /perabs/p27/p270183.html (234 words)

	Muller-Lyer Illusion Experiment Software
		The program MULLER presents stimuli that demonstrate one form of the classic Muller-Lyer illusion.
		Note that responses to wings at the 90 degree angle should not be affected by the illusion.
		This illusion consists of two line segments with arrowheads on the ends.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~rabrams/psychlab/muller.htm (568 words)

	Perception abstract: The haptic Müller-Lyer illusion in sighted and blind people
		The effect of visual status was nonsignificant, suggesting that spatial distortion in the haptic Müller-Lyer illusion does not depend upon visual imagery or visual experience.
		We examined the effect of visual experience on the haptic Müller-Lyer illusion.
		An illusion was found, since the wings-in stimuli were judged as shorter than the wings-out patterns and all of the other stimuli.
	www.perceptionweb.com /perabs/p31/p3340.html (200 words)

	Subliminals
		The Mueller-Lyer illusion of two lines, one with arrows pointing toward the line and one with arrows pointing away from the line, was named in 1889.
		Visual illusion is not subliminal embeds but subliminal embeds may employ visual illusion.
		The lines are the same length when measured with a ruler, but to the unaided eye, the line with the arrows pointing away appears shorter than the line with the arrows pointing toward the line.
	www.blackwood.org /sublim.htm (1371 words)

	Mueller-Lyer illusion
		The Mueller-Lyer illusion takes advantage of processes that the brain uses to judge depth and distance.
		Also, don't try and measure the lines with a pencil or piece of paper - relax and enjoy, it's an illusion!
		On the next screen, watch the numbered pairs of lines, and decide which pair of lines are equal in length.
	psych.pomona.edu /illusions/lyer1.html (102 words)

	illusion - Jag Magician
		The clustering illusion is the intuition that random
		This "moon illusion" is a genuinely mind-baffling illusion since the horizon and
		The moon illusion is one of the most famous of all
	www.jagmagician.com /illusion (520 words)

	page 1
		Finally, the concepts of ‘perceptual set’ and ‘illusion’ are addressed with explanations and illustrations.
		When this occurs, we call this an illusion resulting from the inappropriate application of perceptual principles.
		The Muller-Lyer effect is the best known of these.
	www.ed-software.info /other/psych.html (696 words)

	Illusionen
		Die zweite Illusion entsteht dadurch, dass Objekte und Menschen sich zu vergroessern, bzw.
		Um diese Illusion einfacher darzustellen, wurde dieses Diagramm mit der Moeglichkeit erstellt, dass drei Linien die Verlaengerung der roten Linie am unteren linken Bildrand darstellen.
		Box A erscheint groesser als Box B, da der Hintergrund, in diesem Fall die Gleisstrecke, die verschwinden zu scheint, dem Auge des Betrachters die Illusion vermittelt, dass Box A und B zwar auf der Gleisstrecke sitzen, jedoch in unterschiedlichen Entfernungen.
	www.phildapoohbear.com /1mystico/illusion.html (467 words)

	illusion lyer muller
		The Effects of Varying Tail Lengths on Mueller-Lyer Illusion.
		The Müller-Lyer illusion is the classic visual illustration of the effect of the surrounding on the...
		The Muller-Lyer illusion is caused by an image that consists of two parallel line segments.
	www.free-magic.com /illusions/illusion-lyer-muller.html (1557 words)

	illusion
		Stanislaw Lem and The Future of Illusion In 1971, the author Stanlislaw Lem published a short novel titled The Futurological Congress in which he offered an intriguing diagnosis for what has gone...
		Oil: The illusion of plenty By Alfred Cavallo January/February 2004 pp.
		In Grand illusion we try to find articles related to our every day illusions, if you have anything to share, please post.
	www.i-coinmagictrick.com /notepad/illusion (800 words)

	cogsci95.html
		For instance, in the Mueller Lyer illusion it is easy to defeat the appearance of unequal lines by placing one's finger over the V portion of one of the lines and visually lining up the tops.
		An adequate theory of complementary strategy would recruit enough psychophysical theory to explain the mechanism at work, and the likely decrease in error rate.
		Even more compelling is the way adding a feature can alter the static gestalt properties of a figure.
	cogsci.ucsd.edu /~kirsh/Cogsci95/cogsci95.html (3504 words)

	Sensation & Perception
		The illusion occurs when the moon is at the horizon and causes the moon to look larger than it actually is. While this illusion can be quite beautiful when the moon is full, it can be experienced with any phase of the moon and can be quite dramatic with a crescent moon.
		The Moon Illusion occurs when the moon is at or near the horizon and reflects the fact that, in this position, the moon looks larger than it does when it is further up in the sky.
		Next time you experience the Moon Illusion, turn your back to the moon, bend over, and look at the moon through your legs.
	www.uwsp.edu /psych/sh/moon.htm (202 words)

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