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Topic: Mugam

	Was ist Mugam?
		Mugam ist eine traditionelle aserbaidschanische Improvisationsmusik, die auf einem festgelegten Regelwerk aufbaut; es handelt sich dabei um ein komplexes musikalisches Modalsystem, das Intervalle, Melodieführung und Rhythmus bestimmt.
		Mugam ist – wenn auch unter anderen Bezeichnungen – in anderen nah- und fernöstlichen Regionen von Transkaukasien bis in die chinesische Provinz Xinjiang (Sinkiang) weit verbreitet.
		Eine Verbindung zwischen Mugam und Jazz schuf in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren der ebenfalls aserbaidschanische Komponist und Pianist Vagif Mustafa Zadeh sowie ab den 1990er Jahren dessen Tochter, Aziza Mustafa Zadeh.
	www.biologie.de /biowiki/Mugam (446 words)

	WELLCOME TO «MUGAM»
		Mugams, being a central genre of Eastern traditional music, based on oral traditions, were called differently in the languages of different peoples.
		Mugams, which are less in volume than destgahs, and which have less divisions and branches are called little volume mugams.
		According to the opinion of World musicians, Azerbaijan mugams, which are richer and stronger among mugam musicians in different geographical areas, according to their emotional impression and development level, will become a source of creativity for many composers for many years and will be investigated by musicians.
	www.mugam.com /ingl/inglinfo.htm (2126 words)

	Mugam - Musical Tradition of Azerbaijan
		“Mugam,” describe a specific type of musical composition and performance, which is hard to grasp with western concepts of music in another respect: for one, Mugam composition is improvisational in nature.
		Nevertheless, mugam composition is designed very similarly to Sufism in that it seeks to achieve ascension from a lower level of awareness to a transcendental union with god.
		Although Mugam does allow for a wide margin of interpretation, an equation with jazz is oversimplified, since it fails to account for the different kinds of improvisation for different Mugam modes.
	home.datacomm.ch /lawless/mugam.htm (722 words)

	[No title]
		Yaver Kelenterli was a skillful performer of mugams, tesnifs and folklore songs and the soloist of the Azerbaijan Radio and the Azerbaijan State Theater of Opera and Ballet.
		In 1928-1932 she studied at the Azerbaijan State Conservatoire, the faculty of mugam and was taught of S.Garyaghdy oghlu and S. Shushinski.
		Vagif Mustafazade was a composer, pianist, founder of jazz mugam genre.
	azworld.org (0 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Mugam is a highly structured musical system that still lends itself to a great degree of improvisation.
		Mugam involves singing, as well as musicians playing the kamancha, a stringed instrument whose sound closely resembles a violin, and the tar, a stringed instrument that resembles a lute.
		Mugam recordings and performances are widespread in Azerbaijan, but UNESCO says ideological and commercial pressures are working to transform this heritage into a fixed repertoire performed from sheet music or imitated from standardized recordings.
	www.rferl.org /features/2003/11/14112003171810.asp (898 words)

	Mustafa Zadeh (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He is the architect of the Azerbaijani Mugam Jazz Movement; his wife Eliza Mustafa Zadeh (in Soviet times known as Eliza Khanom) was a professional singer and one of the first women to sing in the new Mugam Jazz style.
		Mugam is based on many different modes and tonal scales where different relations between notes and scales are envisaged and developed.
		Mugam also describes a specific type of musical composition and performance, which is hard to grasp with an understanding of western concepts of music most notably because mugam composition is improvisational in nature.
	home.wanadoo.nl /ovar/mustafa-zadeh.htm (576 words)

	Aziza Mustafa Zadeh: Jazz, Mugam and Other Essentials of My Life
		I was born into the world of jazz, and more specifically into the world of "mugam," a form of traditional, improvisational music in Azerbaijan.
		She was one of the first to sing in the new mugam jazz style.
		Perhaps, the fact that we have such deep, traditionally rich music such as mugam makes it impossible for us to imagine that our country could remain on this same level as it is today.
	www.azer.com /aiweb/categories/magazine/44_folder/44_articles/44_aziza.html (2794 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ali-Zadeh’s earliest quartet for Kronos is Mugam Sayagi.
		The term “mugam” refers to a complex form of art music (as opposed to folk music) based on specific scales that to the Western ear sound like exotic, Persian minor keys.
		But also, like all mugams, it expresses a yearning to ascend from a lower level of awareness to a new transcendence.
	www.citypaper.com /music/printready.asp?id=9737 (1280 words)

	Aygun Baylar from azerbaijan
		mugam classical music of Azerbaijan (like the related Arabo-Persian maqam) is shaped by the complex modal system that bears the same name.
		As classical poetry is a central element of composition, the voice is considered to be mugam’s most important instrument.
		This year the public is invited to discover one of the most talented representatives of the new generation of interpreters of mugam, Aygun Baylar, who is just 30 years old.
	www.fesfestival.com /en06/aygun-baylar.php (339 words)

	Mugham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mugham also spelled as Mugam (Muğam in Azeri) is one of the many musical traditions of Azerbaijan.
		During Mugam the singers have to transform their emotions into singing and music.
		Mugam belongs to the system of modal music and has close ties to the Persian musical tradition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mugam (865 words)

	The New Yorker: PRINTABLES
		Kronos performed “Mugam Sayagi” and “Apsheron Quintet.” The composer joined them on piano in the latter piece, and also played “Music for Piano,” for which, inspired by Cage’s prepared-piano pieces, she draped a necklace over the middle strings of the piano, making it sound lutelike.
		This music can be heard on Kronos’s recent disk “Mugam Sayagi,” which is a gorgeous object and one of the best things the quartet has done.
		After intermission, Asadollahi, who is in exile from the regime in Iran, came on with his garmon, a type of accordion, to present “Mugam Beyati Shiraz” and “Garmon Yanar Odlaryurduna.” His solo in the last piece was a thing of gasping beauty, and the rave-up that followed had a properly explosive impact on the audience.
	www.newyorker.com /printables/critics/060410crmu_music (1064 words)

	Kronos Quartet \| Mugam Sayagi: Music of Franghiz Ali-Zadeh
		And so, from the small country of Azerbaijan, situated between the Russian empire and Iran, comes four compositions from Franghiz Ali-Zadeh, a composer who places the cultural cross-fertilization of her country’s musical tradition into a new music context.
		Even though she's nearly sixty years old and has a career that dates back to the late ‘70s, Mugam Sayagi: Music of Franghiz Ali-Zadeh is nevertheless the first recording to present her compelling and evocative compositions to an international audience on a larger scale.
		Mugam Sayagi is the group's first full-length release since Nuevo, and it continues a commitment to bringing the music of lesser-known but nonetheless significant and vital composers to the fore.
	www.allaboutjazz.com /php/article.php?id=16785 (600 words)

	Amazon.com: Mugam Sayagi: Music of Franghiz Ali-Zadeh: Music: Franghiz Ali-Zadeh,Kronos Quartet,Scott Fraser (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The disc's title means "in the style of mugam," a sophisticated, emotional form of traditional music and poetry.
		Finally, Mugam Sayagi is a string quartet that discreetly incorporates a drone, synthesizer, and local instruments.
		The instruments become more focused and present, using the modes of the Azeri mugam, and build towards a startling climax that ushers in a chorus of whispers.
	www.amazon.com /Mugam-Sayagi-Music-Franghiz-Ali-Zadeh/dp/B0006IIPMG (983 words)

	International Music Coucil
		The project "The Mugam of Azerbaijan - Safeguarding and Promotion" was presented in the capital city Baku on February 2, 2005.
		This project is a follow-up to the proclamation by UNESCO of Mugam as Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity (7 November 2003).
		Its main focus is on performance and transmission of Mugam as well as on the digitalization of the recordings of national archives.
	www.unesco.org /imc/nletter/2005-04/uk/part3/002.htm (223 words)

	The Emergence of Jazz in Azerbaijan Vagif Mustafazade: Fusing Jazz with Mugam - Vagif Samadoghlu
		The Emergence of Jazz in Azerbaijan Vagif Mustafazade: Fusing Jazz with Mugam - Vagif Samadoghlu
		Despite these prohibitions, by the 1950s, a new jazz movement began to emerge in Azerbaijan which came to be known as "jazz mugam" or "mugam jazz" (whichever term you prefer).
		Mugam jazz is jazz based on the modal forms or scales of mugams, just as a mugam symphonies are symphonies based on mugams.
	www.azer.com /aiweb/categories/magazine/54_folder/54_articles/54_vmustafazade.html (2327 words)

	Music (Azerbaijan. The Land of Arts)
		Mugam can be performed by an orchestra of national instruments while a classical Mugam-perfoming trio consists from a tar player (tarzan), a singer (khananda) and a kamancha player.
		In XIX century in connection with detection of oil on Absheron the city infrastructure started to be developed more and more; many creative people from all ends of Azerbaijan begun to flow down to Baku.
		Namely for this reason the Baku Mugam Mejlisses have appeared and grew while earlier two other Azerbaijanian towns - Shusha and Shamakhi - were regulating development of the mugam singing art.
	azerbaijan.aznet.org /azerbaijan/abs_mus.html (629 words)

	Classical Net Review - Ali-Zadeh - Mugam Sayagi, Oasis, Apsheron Quintet, Music for Piano
		Mugam Sayagi, written in 1993 for the Kronos Quartet, lends its title to the CD overall.
		An English translation might be “in the style of a mugam.” (A mugam is a highly characteristic yet highly varied genre of Azerbaijani music, owing little or nothing to Western influences.) True to form, Ali-Zadeh's Mugam Sayagi contrasts two different style of music.
		The other is militant, and, in its use a scale unfamiliar to Western ears, disorienting.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/n/non79804a.html (558 words)

	music: Mugam from Azerbaijan
		Historic mosques come under attack by mobs protesting unrest in Kosovo; politicians and Orthodox leaders try to calm the crowds.
		Yanar Dar takes listeners on a musical voyage, drawing inspiration from the old funds of the mugam and the poems of Nizami and Fayzouli.
		Composed of Elchan Mansourov, Eltchin Naguiyev, Zia Miraldobaghi and Marc Loopuyt, the instrumental ensemble has accompanied singer Agha Karim, uncontested master of the old school.
	www.tol.cz /look/store/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=11&NrIssue=100&NrSection=300&NrArticle=18355 (201 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Music: Mugam Sayagi: Music of Franghiz Ali-Zadeh, Kronos Quartet, CD
		Metaphors of nature and landscape are irresistible, especially in the mysteriously immobile second movement, "Reverse Time." Ali-Zadeh performs solo on her equally evocative Music for Piano (1989), in which a portion of the instrument's register is prepared to rattle like the traditional tar.
		Finally, the alternately melancholy and aggressive arch of Mugam Sayagi (1993) lays claim explicitly to the complex Azeri style of mugam, which provides material for much of Ali-Zadeh's work.
		Kronos's long association with the composer allows them an obvious mastery of her idiom, and their fine performances make this one of the most ear-opening discs of new music in recent memory.
	music.barnesandnoble.com /search/product.asp?userid=tu530zgCzY&EAN=75597980424&ITM=1 (0 words)

	Puthiya Mugam (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Puthiya Mugam was the second Rahman film to be released.
		It was the first directorial venture of Suresh Menon.Though the film was not a super-hit as the previous one Roja it was a commercial success.
		The song 'Kannukku Mai Azhagu' became a super-hit,so as 'Netru Illadha Maatram'.'July Maadham Vandhal' was also a hit among the younger generation.On the whole this film saw A.R.Rahman at his melodius best.
	members.tripod.com /~Jayanthra/rahman/pumugam.htm (67 words)

	Illinois - sound patrol 5-19-05 - Disciples of the difficult are back - A & E - Music - Illinois Times (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mugam Sayagi, Kronos’s first album since 2002’s Nuevo, consists of four pieces by the Azerbaijani pianist/composer Franghiz Ali-Zadeh, three of which were commissioned by the quartet.
		A musical form native to Azerbaijan, mugam consists of various scales meant to convey specific emotions; the album’s title means “in the style of mugam.” Rather like an Indian raga, the mugam is monophonic, a hypnotic drone that gradually ascends to a euphoric climax.
		Adapted for strings and, on two pieces, piano, these mugams are more harmonically complex than their traditional counterparts, layering polyphonic overtones and melodies that veer from harmonious to dissonant.
	www.illinoistimes.com /gyrobase/Content?oid=oid:4268 (549 words)

	Amazon.com: Anthology of Azerbaijani Mugam, Vol. 7: Music: Shushinski,Akberov (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Literary and musical societies established in Azerbaijan cities beginning from 20thsof the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century played great role in extension of mugam performance and gave it professional shape.
		The societies formed tasteful, understanding auditory level ('the society of the wise') that required particular culture and careful listening of the mugam as well as its high artistic performance.
		Beginning with the 1990s art of Azerbaijan mugam attracts the attentions of the audience, specialists and the managers in the world.
	www.amazon.com /Anthology-Azerbaijani-Mugam-Vol-7/dp/B000003I97 (3321 words)

	Various Artists - Anthology of World Music: The Music of Azerbaijan - Review - Stylus Magazine
		In other words, as the country of Azerbaijan struggles to deal with the external political, economic, and military forces trying to control the region, the musicians here (and, by extension, the people as a whole) have turned that struggle into art.
		The majority of the songs here are taken from a tradition Arabs call "maquam" but the Azeris call "mugam." This is high art: complex pieces performed by masters who have been training and practicing these works for most of their lives.
		These aggressive qualities are evident throughout, from the strained vocal duet "Laila and Majnun" to the other instrumental "mugams" to the actual folk tunes that round out this collection.
	www.stylusmagazine.com /review.php?ID=1721 (888 words)

	BakuTODAY.net - Yo-Yo Ma: Azeri mugam belongs to the whole mankind (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mugam, alongside Azeri people, belongs to the whole mankind, trend reports quoting Yo-Yo Ma, world-famous violoncellist from the US, speaking May 17 at news conference in Baku.
		Alongside, Mr Ma stated the actions to be performed under Silk Way project in early June in Chicago, featuring Azeri music as well.
		Silk Way ensemble was organized by Mr Ma in 1988, it consists of over 50 musicians from different countries worldwide.
	www.bakutoday.net /view.php?d=20996 (350 words)

	Mugam - Movie, Cinema, movies, film
		But the movie proves that past performance cannot be used to as a yardstick to gauge a movie.
		This is probably the movie withthe most use of the title in the script as ever other dialogcontains some sort of reference to Nasser's 'mugam'.
		For instance, is there anyonewho would say "Call the 'mugam' " instead of "Call the person"?Individual scenes like the ones involving 'Thalaivaasal' Vijay and Vivek, have no bearing on the story.
	www.thenisai.com /tamil/movies/mugam.htm (588 words)

	Azerbaïdjan, vol. 7 : Djanali Akberov
		Une voix de jeune homme mais une interprétation de maître dans les Mugam les plus rares.
		Three musicians : a singer, a lutenist and a bowed lute player, perform deeply moving vocal and instrumental suites from the classical Azeri repertoire.
		The voice of a young man and the performance of a master in the most rare Mugam.
	www.mcm.asso.fr /site02/inedit/cd260069.htm (187 words)

	718 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And one of those afternoons, the 3 songs of mugathil mugam paarklaam featured in the oru pada paadal series.
		Among them were the other two from mugathil mugam paarkkalaam that had played truant for so many years.
		The movie itself had been quickly consigned to the dustbin of history, but the songs are surely worth celebrating, for they showcase the scintillating stuff vintage IR is made of.
	www.dhool.com /sotd2/718.html (663 words)

	Mugam: Movie Review
		Mugam starring Nasser has a basically emotionally ethical storyline; but yet sitting through the movie can be very difficult and can set your teeth on edge.
		In the end you just end up feeling deflated and punching mad.
		The actors do the best with what they have, but the result is still a very boring long drawn-out masterpiece gone horribly wrong.
	www.indolink.com /tamil/cinema/Reviews/articles/Mugam_103022.html (275 words)

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