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Topic: Mugham

	General information on Azeri culture
		Vocal mugham (without instrumental accompaniment) is performed in the ceremonies or in mourning, and is performed by the gazals and gasidaz written in religious or mourning character.
		Zerbi-mughams (rhythmic mughams) are composed of one-part vocal-instrumental composition performed within one fret and referred to the group of the small independent forms of mugham.18 samples of this mugham used in the 19th century are preserved in 'Garabag shikestesi', 'Shirvan shikestesi', 'Kesme shikeste', 'Zerbi-Simayi-Shems', 'Zerbi-Mensuriyye', 'Arazbari', 'Ovshari', 'Maani' and 'Heyrati'.
		Azerbaijan mugham lost its position in the foreign cultural environment and nihilist tendency expressed in evident slogans ('down with tar!', 'down with mugham') of the 20-30s of the past century gradually weakened the social status of mugham.
	www.euro-caspian.com /azerbaijani_mugham.htm (2862 words)

	IRS .:. Наследие .:. Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Although his rendition of mugham was very simple - I only understood that much later - nevertheless it was very powerful, and it stirred something unspeakably deep within me. From the first moment of hearing mugham, I felt compelled to learn how to play it.
		Mugham, both in song and as instrumental solo performance, is also somewhat improvisational; all the while adhering strictly to the chosen mode and its traditional progression, and the ineffable style that makes mugham instantly recognizable as a unique version of eastern music.
		At times, one may get the impression that the melodies of mugham may be nothing more than highly embellished exercise scales, except that to they can be highly unpredictable in the direction they take, a feature of mugham that can be intriguing to the point of utter fascination.
	www.irs-az.com /gen/n20/n20_5.htm (1522 words)

	IRS .:. Наследие .:. Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		For centuries, mugham compositions were performed in mejlises (gatherings of poets and performers of mugham), as well as in private gatherings, restaurants and parks.
		Mugham as a modal entity encompasses a tonal system with intervals different from those in the 12-tone tempered scale; a number of mugham modes; scale rows associated with each individual mode; and a collection of motifs and rhythmic units, each identified with a specific mode and serving as the basis for performance.
		In the same way that the modal scales of mugham are both the basis and derivative of its melodic vocabulary, the colours of carpets are the basis of woven motifs.
	www.irs-az.com /gen/n20/n20_9.htm (1749 words)

	9.1 Alim Gasimov - Master of Mugham - Betty Blair and Pirouz Khanlou
		Depending on the specific mode of mugham being played, the improvisation traverses a designated number of tetrachord sequences, for example, three tetrachords consisting of 2 half-steps and one full-step, or vice versa.
		Each mugham is said to be connected with a certain feeling or emotion; for example, "seygah" represents grief and "shur-shahnaz" stands for tenderness.
		But Alim claims that mugham is not as simple as that: "You can't attach strict theory to mugham," he insists.
	www.azer.com /aiweb/categories/magazine/91_folder/91_articles/91_alim.html (3061 words)

	Alim Qasimov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is widely appreciated and popular for his renderings of Mugham, which is the most complex musical style in Azerbaijan.
		According to Alim, Mugham is not as simple as that, he stated: "You can't attach strict theory to Mugham.
		The only other performance that the Mugham master had ever made in Iran was at a festival in Tehran in 1993.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alim_Qasimov (1277 words)

	Silk Road Ensemble: About us
		Mugham, the music of the sedentary cultures of the Silk Road, is a complex form that requires years to master.
		Mugham is similar in concept to Indian ragas, and in the past marathon performances would last well over an evening.
		The Iranian and Azerbaijani mugham singers, for instance call their technique chahchah or jahjah, wherein the artist is said to, be imitating a nightingale.
	www.silkroadensemble.com /about.php (674 words)

	VIA KABOUL : Music of Central Asia
		Mugham is the Azeri form of the vast maqam tradition that has flourished for centuries in the sophisticated urban cultures of North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.
		Consisting of long suites of art songs interspersed with quasi-improvised instrumental pieces, mugham is an ideal vehicle for the display of musical passion and virtuosity.
		In both the mugham and ashiq traditions, vocalists accompany themselves on a small frame drum (daf), and are typically joined by a duo of instrumentalists who play the spike fiddle (kemanche) and long-necked lute (tar).
	www.viakaboul.com /artist_page.php?artist_id=32 (271 words)

	WorldView Magazine: MASTERS OF MUGHAM
		The song lyrics of mugham are the intricately rhymed ghazal of classical poets, and its 70-odd scales, also called mughams, are the cousins of South Asia’s ragas.
		Among Azeris, mugham is alive and well, both in its pure form handed down from master teacher to apprentice student, and in its hyphenated forms as sampled, borrowed and even kitschified by Azeri musicians playing with their western ears wide open.
		Regardless of the oriental setting, the original convention of mugham opera, then as now, required incidental notes of “high culture.” The painted backdrop for all this was the skyline of the old city showing the medieval quarter and the towers of the shah’s palace.
	www.worldviewmagazine.com /issues/article.cfm?id=107&issue=25 (1950 words)

	Welcome to Mugham.org
		This video was done by Jeffrey Werbock, who traveled to the refugee camps all over Azerbaijan and captured young Azerbaijani children singing mugham...
		Dec. 6th, 2003 - Mugham Organization and "MIR" Russian Club of Temple University organized an Azerbaijani cultural event.
		An article by Jeffrey Werbock, touching on many aspects of Eastern music and Azerbaijani mugham as a distinct form of "makkam" that has evolved in Caucasian Azerbaijan...
	www.mugham.org /Old/index.htm (314 words)

	Barnes & Noble.com - Artist Bio
		A master of the mugham, a modal art music popular among the Caucasus and the Turkish-speaking people of central Asia, Qasimov has been hailed for his vocal dexterity and emotional delivery.
		His first instrument was a frame drum whose skin came from a goat that his father slaughtered.
		Qasimov painstakingly mastered the complexities of the mugham.
	music.barnesandnoble.com /search/artistbio.asp?CTR=99314 (176 words)

	Rain`s project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		It presents compositions in folk-jazz stule, and its name shows that Rain used various directions of mugham and mixed them with jazz style.
		Mugham is the root of Azerbaijan music and it is the part of ancient historical culture.
		His passion for jazz led him to tinge the past and its musical traditions, in his previous record “Mugham- Meghan” with the colors of Baku nights now freed from the past constraints.
	www.azerijazz.com /project (983 words)

	Press-Release - Open Society Institute-Assistance Foundation
		One of the projects, "Mugham Meetings in Icheri Shekher" proposes support for holding weekly Mugham concerts in the carpet show room of the Ministry of Culture in the old building of the Baku fortress.
		This is an excellent opportunity to acquaint your foreign guests with Azerbaijani national music, as Mugham concerts have become very rare in Baku lately.
		Now it will be possible to go to Mugham concerts to see performances of different singers and musicians every Wednesday at 6 p.m.
	www.osi-az.org /pr22.shtml (362 words)

	IDS: Music, culture of Silk Road dazzles audience (Arts, 07/25/2005) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Mugham is a common style of eastern music; some forms have Western influences.
		Sunday's festival featured Mugham, but it also presented cultures and music from other regions of the world.
		Once the actual music began, there was far more than Mugham to be seen and heard.
	www.idsnews.com /news/print.php?id=30336 (539 words)

	village voice > music > by Kyle Gann
		Parallel to many young American composers, she felt something was missing in her pristinely circumscribed musical education, and looked around her for a vernacular closer to home.
		What she found, and integrated into her basically Western notated style, was mugham, an ecstatically improvisatory singing technique related to Turkish and Persian musics.
		Besides being in the exceedingly rare position of a female composer from a Muslim background, her stylistic route also makes her something of a Eurasian Downtowner: Rather than play catch-up with European styles like her Soviet- oppressed colleagues, she distanced herself from, the European tradition to return to her roots.
	www.villagevoice.com /music/0007,gann,12547,22.html (818 words)

	World Music Central - Your connection to World Music
		Alim Qasimov is widely appreciated for his renderings of ‘mugham’, the most complex musical style in Azerbaijan.
		The word mugham itself derives ‘maqam’, denoting the modus in Arabic music.
		In 1999 Alim Qasimov gained one of the highest awards that any musician can aspire to when he became the winner of the 1999 International IMC UNESCO Music Prize.
	www.worldmusiccentral.org /artists/artist_page.php?id=554 (168 words)

	Cross-cultural (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		To best appreciate mugham, it should be understood as a modern development of an ancient practice, which is the use of sound to induce a transformation of consciousness.
		Today this might be called trance music, but it would not be a good translation, because the word 'trance' is associated with the hypnotic trance, whereas mugham offers an enhancement of consciousness, not a loss of consciousness of any degree.
		It is improvisatory, but follows careful rule with respect to the melodic line.
	home.earthlink.net /~jefhan/id3.html (500 words)

	Silk Road Project - Music
		Inspired by the rhythmic similarities between the musical liturgy of Sufism (a form of mystical Islam) and mugham [moo GOM] (a complex set of modally based suites), composer and concert pianist Franghiz Ali-Zadeh recorded an authentic dervish in her native Baku as part of her research for Dervish, her Silk Road Project commission.
		The following text emphasizes the dervish’s ecstatic devotion to faith and truthseeking, and is based on the life of the martyred 14th century poet Nasimi who was skinned alive for his Sufi beliefs.
		In so doing, she creates a unique contemporary musical language that evokes the traditional rhythms and harmonies of the mugham.
	www.silkroadproject.org /music/pieces/dervish.html (278 words)

	Amazon.com: Legendary Art of Mugham: Music: Alim Qasimov Ensemble (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Art of the Mugham ~ Alim Qasimov
		Visit our audio help page for more information.
		Mahur: Tasnif: 'Elinde Sazin, Kurban' Bardasht In Mugham Mahur/Tasnif: 'Sen Sumbul'
	www.amazon.com /Legendary-Mugham-Alim-Qasimov-Ensemble/dp/B00000GVYP (428 words)

	Alim Qazimov : Classical Mugham - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect
		Browse artists: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #
		This record is an example of Azerbaijani art music with an appealing bite and energy to it, by a group with several other recordings issued in the West.
		The impressive and much-recorded Qazimov sings three short mugham (Middle Eastern modal structures like Indian ragas) and a longer piece backed by tar lute, kamancha fiddle and frame drum.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,228569,00.html (152 words)

	Legendary Art of Mugham by Alim Qasimov Ensemble
		Legendary Art of Mugham by Alim Qasimov Ensemble
		Mahur: Tasnif: Elinde Sazin, Kurban/Bardasht in Mugham Mahur/Tasnif: Se - Alim Qasimov
		Portions of content provided by All Music Guide © 2001 AEC One Stop Group, Inc. All Music Guide is a registered Trademark of AEC One Stop Group, Inc.
	www.mmguide.musicmatch.com /album/album.cgi?ALBUMID=827013 (113 words)

	Legendary Art of Mugham - Alim Qasimov - Song Listings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Legendary Art of Mugham - Alim Qasimov - Song Listings
		Mahur: Tasnif: Elinde Sazin, Kurban/Bardasht in Mugham Mahur/Tasnif: Se
		Portions of content provided by All Music Guide ©2007 AEC One Stop Group, Inc.
	www.mp3.com /albums/468307/summary.html (152 words)

	CD - Industrial Mugham - Gulyaz & Gulyanag
		CD - Industrial Mugham - Gulyaz & Gulyanag
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		Sisters Gulyaz and Gulyanag sing mugham with a beat.
	azer.secure-shops9.com /product.asp?itemid=161 (35 words)

	New CD released 'Jazz Mugham Bridges' — American Voices (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		New CD released 'Jazz Mugham Bridges' — American Voices (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu)
		Jazz Mugham Bridges, featuring American Voices' Mike Del Ferro, pianist and Stian Carstensen, accordionist, has just been released.
		The CD features seven live performances from our June 15th concert in Baku with professional and student musicians from the Baku Music School and the State Museum of Azerbaijan Musical Culture.
	www.americanvoices.org.cob-web.org:8888 /newsandannounce/2006-02-22/newsitem_view (318 words)

	Album Classical Mugham by Alim Qazimov - AOL Music
		Album Classical Mugham by Alim Qazimov - AOL Music
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		Everything about the album 'Classical Mugham' by Alim Qazimov including album title, track listings, release dates, guest artists, record label info and user reviews on AOL Music.
	music.aol.com /artist/alim-qazimov/173847/album/classical-mugham/233928 (119 words)

	Amazon.com: The Art of the Mugham: Music: Alim Qasimov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Amazon.com: The Art of the Mugham: Music: Alim Qasimov
		The Art of the Mugham [ORIGINAL RECORDING REISSUED]
		Buy this album with Legendary Art of Mugham ~ Alim Qasimov today!
	www.amazon.com /Art-Mugham-Alim-Qasimov/dp/B00005KCLE (300 words)

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