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	Pashto پښتو
		BaYazeed Rokhan (1524-1579) AD, a Pakhtoon leader, one day witnessed that the troops of Biram Khan, the Mughul governor of Kandahar, had tied a woman with her hair to the plate of a flour mill and was turning around as the plate circulated.
		[Khushal Khan was in a Mughul jail from 1664 to 1668].
		Mughul king Jehangir contracted Malik Akori in the east, the grandfather of Ahmad Shah Abdali, Malik Sado Khan, represented Shah Abass of Iran in the west for escorting convoys.
	www.afghanan.net /pashto/politicalaspects.htm (1732 words)

	Asia Times Online Community and News Discussion - Morality tale from the past
		The Mughul empire of India was founded in the mid-16th century by Babur, fifth generation descendant of the Mongol emperor Timur, by conquering the Delhi sultanate.
		Mughul science remained feudal science, and all scientific activity was determined by the personal interests of the emperor.
		The unfolding of the Mughul story is (1) about hybridization as a form of cultural negotiation, a viewing of one culture from the perspective of another, testing what is best in each, not one in opposition to the other, but each in negotiation with the other.
	forum.atimes.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=5049 (459 words)

	Osprey Men-at-Arms 263 : Mughul India 1504-1761
		Babur, the founder of the Mughul [Arabic -Persian name for a Mongol] dynasty, was of Turco-Mongol origin - he was descended from Timur-i-Lenk [Tamerlane] on his father's side and Genghis Khan on his mother's.
		Though Babur disliked being called a Mongol and much preferred to be known as a Turk, the name 'Mughul' stuck; and succeeding rulers of the dynasty became known in Europe as the Great Moguls.
		During his own lifetime, though, this founder of the Mughul dynasty was seen as an attractive figure: resilient, brave, cheerful, a skilled poet and a successful if cautious general.
	www.militaryfocus.com /osprey/men-at-arms/263.htm (203 words)

	Invasions Of Ahmad Shah Abdali
		As a matter of fact, the Afghan bid for supremacy was an important factor in the history of India during a considerable part of the eighteenth century.
		But he was defeated at the battle of Manpur by Ahmad Shah, the Mughul heir-apparent, and Mir Mannu, son of the deceased Wazir Qamar-ud-din, and was put to flight.
		Imad-ul-mulk surrendered and was pardoned by the invader, who obtained from the Mughul Emperor the formal cession of the Punjab, Kashmir, Sind, and the Sirhind district.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/ahmadshah.html (1358 words)

	Sher Shah Suri
		They were seething with discontent against the newly founded alien rule, and only needed the guidance of one strong personality to coalesce their isolated efforts in to an organized national resistance against it.
		Most of the Mughul soldiers were drowned or captured; and the life of their unlucky ruler was saved by a water-carrier, who carried him on his water-skin across the Ganges, into which he had recklessly jumped.
		To legalize what he had gained by the strength of arms and strategy, he now assumed the royal title of Sher Shah and ordered the Khutba to be read and the coins to be struck in his name.
	www.afghan-network.net /Culture/shershah.html (3568 words)

	History of Central Asia
		The near-demise of the Mughul line occurred as a result of a war over the possession of Turkestan between the Mughuls and a combined force of Turks, Tatars and Uighurs.
		Il Khan had his opponents on the run but, finding refuge in a narrow defile, the fleeing forces were able to turn and ambush the Mughuls so that the only survivors were Qiyan, his cousin Takuz and their wives.
		This conjunction was blessed with the birth of three sons, the third of whom, Buzanjar Khan, came to rule the Mughuls, Tatars and Turks.
	www.clarence.ndirect.co.uk /chaihana/history.htm (1183 words)

	Mughul Carpets - History and Evolution of the Oriental Rugs / Carpets
		From the reign of Akbar on, carpet weaving became a major medium of artistic expression in India.
		Initially this production was launched by imported master weavers from Safavid Persia, and the Mughul carpets of Akbar's reign look very much like their Persian counterparts.
		Over time, in the seventeenth century Mughul carpets evolved with a distinctive design and palette with a more local Indian flavor.
	www.nazmiyalantiquerugs.com /Guide-to-Rugs/MughulRugs.htm (314 words)

	The Mughul Armies: A Note
		Incidentally, we should remember that sizeable contingents in the Mughul armies were composed of Hindustanis, generally by kings who had sworn loyalty to the Emperor either after defeat or after negotiation.
		Thus, while Mazumdar is correct in saying the Mughul armies were slow-moving, he is comparing them only to Shivaji's forces.
		Majumdar makes a significant point when he criticizes the Mughul system of officering: all men within a formation, say that of a Teen Hazari (3,000 troops, equal to a brigade) reported to one person, their leader.
	www.orbat.com /site/cimh/armies/akbar_armies.html (1349 words)

	Amazon.ca: Mughul India 1504-1761: Books: David Nicolle,Angus Mcbride (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The name Mughul is often spelt 'Mughal' or 'Mogul', in English, where it also has the modern secondary meaning of 'tycoon'. Read the first page
		The warfare waged by the Mughul Emperors was a continuation of the traditions of their ancestors from the Mongol steppes.
		Of course it shows the evolution from the age of Babur the founder of the Mughul Dynasty to the later emperors.The role of the cavalry is highlighted as well as the infantry and artillery.
	www.amazon.ca /Mughul-India-1504-1761-David-Nicolle/dp/1855323443 (590 words)

	The Mughul Armies: A Note
		Last, the Mughals had something no army in India had: the utter, unshakable courage that comes from a habit of winning and a belief God was on their side and would give them victory regardless of circumstances.
		Incidentally, we should remember that sizeable contingents in the Mughul armies were composed of Hindustanis, generally by kings who had sworn loyalty to the Emperor either after defeat or after negotiation.
		Majumdar makes a significant point when he criticizes the Mughul system of officering: all men within a formation, say that of a Teen Hazari (3,000 troops, equal to a brigade) reported to one person, their leader.
	orbat.com /site/cimh/armies/akbar_armies.html (1349 words)

	Concise Civilization Past and Present Online Chapter 11 -- True/False Quiz
		The reign of the Mughul potentate, Akbar, was characterized by his pragmatism and flexibility as he adapted the Islamic state to the conditions of ruling a non-Muslim population.
		Early Mughul emperors tended to be enthusiastic supporters of literature and the arts.
		Akbar was arguably the greatest of the Indian Mughul rulers.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/brummettconcise/chapter11/truefalse1/deluxe-content.html (167 words)

	Painting - Religions in India, Religious Quotes - MaxAbout.com
		To mention a few of the many Mughul painters famous for their exceptional skill, Abul Hasan painted magnificent court scenes; Bichittar was a master of vivid portraiture; Mansur delineated birds, animals and flowers with precision and charm.
		Mughul painting, that had spread its stylistic influence far and wide, gradually developed an empty skill-fetishism and generally languished for cessation of patronage.
		Apart from the already assimilated European influences, Mughul, Rajput, and Persian miniatures and the contemporary traditionalistic work from Japan were among the stylistic and technical determinatives.
	www.maxabout.com /religion/hinduism/india/painting_page2.aspx (775 words)

	Pakipop.com > Evaluation > Jhoom Lay - Schehzad Mughul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The guy who rocked with Arsh and gave hits like "Bhoolay Na Kabhi" and "Yeh To Phir Bus" is back in the ring with his second solo venture.
		The lyrics are penned by the singer himself, along with some songs by M. Nasir.
		Mughul has done all the compositions with a little help in "Aa Jao Na" from Nabeel.
	www.pakipop.com /evaluation/jhoom_lay.html (842 words)

	The Garden of the Taj Mahal: The Mughul Emperor Jahn
		The Garden of the Taj Mahal: The Mughul Emperor Jahn
		For the corresponding "live" discussions, post in the active topic forum here.
		Please follow the guidelines set forth in the Suite101 Posting Etiquette when adding to the discussion.
	www.suite101.com /discussion.cfm/garden_design/34810/234447 (141 words)

	Concise Civilization Past and Present Online Chapter 11 -- Multiple Choice Quiz
		In the early seventeenth century, the Mughul Empire was the wealthiest state in the world with revenues __________ times greater than those of France, another wealthy nation.
		The early Mughul period witnessed a rich __________ cultural synthesis.
		The effort of __________ to found a middle ground between Islam and Hinduism provoked a violent response from the empire's Muslims and from his brother, Aurangzeb.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/brummettconcise/chapter11/multiple1/deluxe-content.html (453 words)

	IndoKashmir.com :: Authentic Kashmiri Carpets, Shawls, Rugs, Furnishing, Handicrafts, Scarves... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		With no undue emphasis on details the Multani carpet displays an intriguing color scheme, of shocking red and yellow, tamed with a dash of pure white or blue.
		With the advent of Mughul rule over the subcontinent the tradition of pile-carpets reached new heights of patronage and perfection; formalness and sophistication mingled in the technique.
		On a rich maroon background, yellow, white, and fl geometric color-patterns are woven and present a lively contrast to the floral themes of the Mughul period.
	www.indokashmir.com /AboutUs/carpethis.asp (1451 words)

	Amazon.fr : Mughul India 1504-1761: Livres en anglais: David Nicolle,Angus Konstam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Babur, the founder of the Mughul dynasty, was of Turco-Mongol origin - he was descended from Timur-i-Lenk [Tamerlane] on his father's side and Genghiz Khan on his mother's.
		Packed with specially commissioned artwork, maps and diagrams, the Men-at-Arms series is an unrivalled illustrated reference on the history, organisation, uniforms and equipment of the world's military forces, past and present.
		The name Mughul is often spelt 'Mughal' or 'Mogul', in English, where it also has the modern secondary meaning of 'tycoon'. Lire la première page
	www.amazon.fr /Mughul-India-1504-1761-David-Nicolle/dp/1855323443 (396 words)

	Fatehpur Sikri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Built by the Mughul emperor Akbar in 1571, the abandoned capital city of Fatehpur Sikri is the translation of the emperor's visionary philosophy into red sandstone.
		The Mughul capital for fourteen years, Fatehpur Sikri was built in honor of the famous Sufi saint Salim Chishti, who predicted the birth of Akbar's first son; Salim Chisthi was from the nearby village of Sikri.
		An example of a Mughul walled city with defined private, administrative, and sacred areas, Fatehpur Sikri blends Hindu and Islamic styles in a manner that embodies Akbar's cultural integration of India's storied past and its Islamic heritage under the Mughuls.
	www.tracyanddale.50megs.com /India/Rajasthan/HTML/fsikri.html (268 words)

	Tohfay.com
		The fusion of the Medieval Sultanates of Aibak, Khilji, and Tughlaq reflected in the style and architecture of the famous mausoleum of Shams Tabrez in Multan in central Pakistan.
		The reign of the Mughals brought in superb architecture and beautiful domes,theornamental arches, the calligraphic friezes, floral and leafy panels,.The geometric tile work is a typical examples of Mughul architecture in Pakistan.
		Mughul court house found its way into the entire gamut of handicrafts like pottery, copper, wood carvings, stone carvings, silk and cotton carpets embroidery,leather jewelry, ivory and miniature paintings.
	www.tohfay.com /Mystique.asp (426 words)

	Crime Spider crime sites crimes law enforcement directory
		The warfare waged by the Mughul Emperors was a continuation of the traditions of their ancestors from the Mongol steppes.
		Of course it shows the evolution from the age of Babur the founder of the Mughul Dynasty to the later emperors.The role of the cavalry is highlighted as well as the infantry and artillery.
		These are often based on beautiful Mughul and Persian miniatures found in museums and collections around the world.
	www.crimespider.com /cgi-bin/search/amazon.cgi?input_mode=books&input_item=1855323443&input_templates=1 (530 words)

	Hausarbeiten.de: India - from colonial power to Indenpendence - Facharbeit (Schule). Seminararbeiten, Diplomarbeiten, ...
		The foundation of the Mughul Empire was ensued by Babur, the Afghan, grandson of Timur, in 1525.
		In the middle of the 18th century, 150 years after the establishment of the first English factory and the decay of the Mughul Empire after Aurangzeb, the political situation for the English pursuing expansion was favourable.
		After the dissolution of the Mughul Empire the system of education was broken down, i.e.
	www.hausarbeiten.de /faecher/hausarbeit/enh/22219.html (5389 words)

	The Agra Sheraton Mughul
		The Agra Sheraton Mughul is an excellent example of the moderately priced and beautifully designed mid-range hotels that now can be found here.
		The Sheraton Mughul incorporates a modern design and amenities with traditional regional architectural principles.
		The exterior of the Agra Sheraton Mughul features a series of gardens that follow the design of the water garden at the front entrance.
	www.tracyanddale.50megs.com /India/Rajasthan/HTML/sheraton.html (406 words)

	Jai Singh II of Amber Summary
		Jai Singh rose to prominence during the later part of the reign of the Mughul emperor Shah Jahan (1592–1666).
		Jai Singh was chief of the heavily fortified city of Amber, near Jaipur in northwestern India.
		The latter was obliged to conclude a treaty with the Mughul emperor in 1665, acknowledging his suzerainty and ceding twenty-three fortresses to him.
	www.bookrags.com /Jai_Singh_II_of_Amber (870 words)

	Rajput News, Articles, Indian Resources, Hinduism Resources, Kshtriya Dharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Rani's contemporary Mughul Subedar was Abdul Mazid Khan, an ambitious man who vanquished Ramchandra, the ruler of Rewa.
		This plan of Mughul invasion was the result of expansionism and imperialism of Akbar.
		He forced Mughul army to move back three times but at last he got wounded and had to retire to a safe place.
	www.rajputindia.com /resources/showarticle.asp?JournalID=501 (1268 words)

	Mughal Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Jahangir liked Hindu festivals but promoted mass conversion to Islam; he persecuted the followers of Jainism and even executed Guru Arjun Dev, the fifth saint-teacher of the Sikhs in 1606 for refusing to make changes to the Guru Granth Sahib (the Sikh holy book).
		The execution was not entirely for religious reasons; Guru Arjun Dev Ji supported Prince Khusro, another contestant to the Mughul throne in the civil war that developed after Akbar's death.
		Nur Jahan's abortive efforts to secure the throne for the prince of her choice led Shah Jahan to rebel against Jahangir in 1622.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mughul (4895 words)

	Sikhism 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		the founder of the Mughul Dynasty in India, devastated the Punjab in 1525.
		In the ensuing years the Mughul regime destroyed Hindu temples and forced the local populations to convert to Islam.
		During his term of leadership Sikhs were persecuted by the Muslim Mughul rulers until 1799.
	www.csupomona.edu /~plin/ews431/sikh2.html (377 words)

	India Sovereignty Medieval and Early Modern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In addition, friendship and vasselhood are the two forthright characteristics of Mughul legitimacy.
		Buckler in his essay The Political Theory of the Indian Mutiny showed how Mughul sovereignty incorporated symbols and gifts, and not seditious or submission policies.
		Buckler goes on to describe how it was Wellesley that created a fiction that the Mughul Empire was a subject of the British Empire.
	michaelreport.com /history/east/asia/india/sovereignty_middle_ages.htm (1344 words)

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