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Topic: Muhammad Hatta


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In the News (Mon 16 Nov 09)

  
  Indonesia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta, and Kyai were decorated by the Emperor of Japan in 1943.
The Dutch finally accepted on December 27th 1949, and Sukarno became the country's first president with Muhammad Hatta as the first vice president.
The participants were Wiranto and Salahuddin Wahid (Abdurrahman wahid's brother), Megawati Sukarnoputri and Hasyim Muzadi, Muhammad Amien Rais and Siswono Yudohusodo, Susilo bambang Yudhoyono and Jusuf Kalla and Hamzah Haz and Agum Gumelar.
www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/indonesia   (1189 words)

  
 Indonesia -> History on Encyclopedia.com 2002   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
In Aug., 1945, immediately after the Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Muhammad Hatta, another nationalist leader, proclaimed Indonesia an independent republic.
Sukarno was elected president, and Hatta became premier.
Although Sukarno had achieved a major accomplishment in uniting so many diverse peoples and regions under one government and one language, his administration was marked by inefficiency, injustice, corruption, and chaos.
www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Indonesi_History.asp   (2403 words)

  
 islam and nonviolence
*al-Ashmawi, Muhammad Sa‘id. "Shari‘a in the Discussion on Secularism and Democracy." in Christopher Toll and Jakof Skasgaard-Petersen, eds., Law and the Islamic World: Past and Present.
"Mahmud Muhammad Taha and the Crisis in Islamic Law Reform: Implications for Interreligious Relations." Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 25 #1 (Winter 1988) 1—21.
The original work al-Faridah al-Gha’ibah by the Egyptian Muslim activist and engineer Muhammad ‘Abd al-Salam Faraj, characterized military jihad as an ‘unfulfilled duty’ incumbent on all Muslims; it was the manifesto of the group which assassinated Anwar al-Sadat.
www.nonviolenceinternational.net /islambib_001.htm   (11910 words)

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