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	Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi
		Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, 1919–80, shah of Iran (1941–79).
		However in the process, the grassroots population became increasingly isolated as wealth, emanating from the oil industry, was unequally distributed among Iranians.
		The shah, however, remained abroad; he died in Egypt in 1980.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0834354.html (243 words)

	Encyclopedia: Muhammad Reza Shah (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hisamuddin Alam Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah
		His Majesty Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (اعلیحضرت محمدرضا شاه پهلوی; October 26, 1919 –; July 27, 1980) also knows as Aryamehr, was the last Shah of Iran, ruling from 1941 until 1979.
		His father, Reza Pahlavi, (1877–1944), rose from the post of Minister of War to that of Prime Minister, before he was elected by the Iranian National Assembly (parliament), also known as the Majlis of Iran, as Shah in 1925, starting the Pahlavi dynasty.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Muhammad-Reza-Shah (931 words)

	Muhammad Reza Shah Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mohammad Reza was born in Tehran, Iran to Reza Pahlavi, the Shah between 1925 and 1941, and his second wife Tadj ol-Molouk (1896 – 1982).
		His father, Reza Pahlavi, (1877–1944), had risen from the army ranks to defense minister(after a coup d'état which made Seyyed Zia'eddin Tabatabaee prime minister), and afterwards to prime minister, before being elected Shah by the National Assembly, (the Majlis), so starting the Pahlavi dynasty.
		Most notably, the Shah places blame for the wrongdoings of SAVAK and the failures of various democratic and social reforms (particularly through the White Revolution) upon Amir Abbas Hoveyda and his administration.
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Muhammad_Reza_Shah (1636 words)

	The Iranian Revolution
		The Shah's increased ties with the United States and his agreement with a western oil consortium annoyed ultra-conservatives, and they and other Iranians were annoyed by the presence of the many foreigners from the United States who accompanied U.S. aid to Iran.
		The Shah attempted to bribe fence-sitting clerics onto his side, and he sought to deflect criticism by modernizing his rule, by establishing a new parliamentary body between himself and the masses.
		The Shah was looking forward to the day when his son, Crown Prince Reza, would succeed him, and he hoped that a return to constitutionalism would made the transfer of power orderly and peaceful.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch29ir.html (3771 words)

	Politics and Economy Under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
		From the fall of Mossadegh until the end of his reign, the Shah was primarily concerned with consolidating his power and economic development.
		The Shah was radically different from his predecessors in that he did not have the same xenophobic outlook.
		This primarily occurred because the Shah’s second mainstay, economic development, did not win the support of the people, and he, being the absolute monarch, was the only one to blame.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~nvsobhan/rezapahlavi.html (749 words)

	Reza Shah Pahlevi
		Reza Shah Pahlevi, 1877–1944, shah of Iran (1925–41).
		He changed his name to Reza Shah Pahlevi, thus founding the Pahlevi dynasty, and in 1935 officially changed the name of Persia to Iran.
		Reza Shah introduced many reforms, reorganizing the army, government administration, and finances.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0841675.html (193 words)

	CNN - Iran: A new opening - 1998
		During World War II, Reza Khan, who by now has taken the name Reza Shah Pahlavi, is forced by Britain and Russia to abdicate his throne in favor of his son, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, because the elder Pahlavi is seen as too pro-German.
		Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi is forced to flee as Nationalist premier Muhammed Mossadegh comes to power with plans to nationalize Iran's lucrative oil industry, much of which is owned by Western companies.
		The Shah dies in exile in Egypt, but the hostage standoff with the United States continues until January 1981, when the militants finally release the last of the hostages after 444 days in captivity.
	cnn.com /SPECIALS/1998/iran (455 words)

	Baylor University \|\| The Pulse \|\| The Rise of An Ayatollah
		The caliph, the heir of Muhammad, was the king ruling over the Ummah, the Islamic state.”[2] When Iran emerged as a Shia state, the king of the nation continued to act as the servant of the faith.
		Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi’s attempt to modernize Iran through the White Revolution was an attempt to bring Iran and its people in line with the westernized world and economy as well as to transform Iran’s power structure through land distribution schemes intended to disadvantage the traditional aristocracy and religious institutions.
		The Shah’s base of support began to fragment in the early 1970s, as the economic gains of the White Revolution were consolidated in the hands of social elite—politicians, military leaders, wealthy landowners, scholars and diplomats.
	www.baylor.edu /Pulse/index.php?id=23786 (3596 words)

	Reza Shah Pahlevi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gradually, as nationalist opposition to this partnership intensified throughout Iran, Britain supported Reza Khan, the Minister of Defense in Iran, a strong proponent of the Westernization and modernization of Iran.
		With the support of Britain, Reza Khan dethroned the Qajar dynasty in 1925 and crowned himself leader of Iran as Reza Shah Pahlevi.
		Muhammad Mosaddeq had become leader of a movement to expel Britain and nationalize the Iranian oil industry.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/evans/his135/Events/shah80.htm (1469 words)

	Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi
		Mohammad Reza Shah was a much weaker ruler than his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi, and where Reza Shah worked effectively towards independence from foreign powers, Muhammad Reza Shah used foreign aid to stay in power.
		In the 1960's and 1970's Muhammad Reza tried to tie closer relations with the Soviet Union and the communist states in eastern Europe.
		Mohammad Reza Shah was removed by the Islamic revolution of 1979, and was to a large degree responsible for it coming.
	i-cias.com /e.o/pahlavi2.htm (757 words)

	\| Return to Top \| Return to Contents Previous Chapter ...
		Both the Shah and his father came to power by way of military coups, thus the Shah's main pillar of support was the armed forces,(Note 1) which he directly supervised.
		The Shah ensured loyalty to himself by applying the divide-and-rule principle among his generals, accomplished by exacerbating intense personal rivalries among his generals and placing "personal enemies alternately in the chain of command" to preclude the possibility of a coup.
		The Shah, like those who were to come after him, believed that Iran, by virtue of its size, its population, its resources, its military, and its armaments, should occupy the foremost position of power in the Persian Gulf.
	www.ndu.edu /inss/McNair/mcnair48/m48c2.html (2179 words)

	[No title]
		In that year the shah of Iran, MUHAMMAD REZA SHAH PAHLAVI, was deposed and an Islamic republic was declared.
		The shah was forced to flee the country briefly in 1953, but he returned shortly with strong backing from the Western powers; Mosaddeq was subsequently convicted of treason, and the shah emerged as a powerful and determined ruler.
		His successor, Muhammad Ali Rajai, was assassinated later that year as the People's Mudjahedeen (a group of socialist Islamic guerrillas) and other opponents of the revolutionary government turned increasingly to violence.
	www.englisch.schule.de /state_of_the_union/group7/project/the_iran.htm (1604 words)

	Military
		Founded by H.I.M. Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1924 as a reward of valour for officers and other ranks of the Imperial Armed Forces.
		H.I.M. Reza Shah Pahlavi founded the order in 1937 to reward distinguished military services during times of peace or war, in one class (Nishan-i-Iftikhar).
		Founded by H.I.M. Muhammad Reza Shah in 1971 and awarded to the families of military personnel who died or were killed on active service.
	4dw.net /royalark/Persia/Orders/others.htm (1473 words)

	Reza Shah Pahlevi. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		He negotiated the evacuation (1921) of the Russian troops and (1924) of the British forces stationed in Iran since World War I. Virtually a dictator, Reza Khan deposed (1925) Ahmad Mirza, the last shah of the Qajar dynasty, and was proclaimed shah of Iran.
		In World War II his rapprochement with the Germans was protested by the Allies, and in 1941 British and Russian forces invaded and occupied Iran.
		Forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, he died in exile in South Africa.
	www.bartleby.com /65/re/RezaShah.html (243 words)

	Iran News - Soraya, second wife of late Shah of Iran, dies in Paris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Princess Soraya Esfandiari Bakhtiari, the former Empress of Iran and wife of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.
		Esfandiary, an European-educated woman, married the Shah in 1951 but he divorced her seven years later after she failed to produce a heir to the throne.
		The Shah had also divorced his first wife Fawzia, of the Egyptian royal family, after she failed to produce a son.
	iranmania.com /news/ArticleView?NewsCode=7311&NewsKind=Current+... (786 words)

	History: Jack Walsh on the Shah of Iran on NRO Weekend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the Shah's mind, Iran was part of Western civilization, separated by an accident of geography.
		As the war on terrorism continues in Afghanistan, with the increased likelihood of military action outside that country's borders, the ghost of Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran, haunts the minds of the Middle East's "moderate" Islamic governments.
		One of the Shah's problems was that, by destroying all the balancing elements in Iranian politics and by creating for himself a position of sole leadership, there was no one else for the people to blame when things went wrong.
	www.nationalreview.com /weekend/history/history-walsh110301.shtml (533 words)

	Iran in the 20th Century
		The shah, constitutional head of the army, rejected the former condition, and on July 16 Mossadegh resigned.
		After he was restored to his throne with the aid of the United States in 1953, Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi became increasingly confident and secure in his ruling position and began to devote more attention to his dynastic aspirations.
		The shah's responses to such opposition were increasingly repressive, and he relied heavily on his secret police, the Savak, which was much dreaded for its harsh methods.
	emayzine.com /lectures/Iran20Century.html (3367 words)

	Cultural Conflict and Revolution
		The unpopular policies of Muhammad Reza Pahlavi Shah resulted in the Islamic Revolution.
		The middle class had no traditional investment in the government and the Shah’s constant talk of “revolution,” while he preserved the old patterns, contributed to their alienation from him.
		Reza Behnam states that the four main elements of discontent leading to the strikes and demonstrations were:
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~nvsobhan/causesofrev.html (817 words)

	ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Reza Yasmina
		Reza, Yasmina (1959-), French dramatist and actress, whose brisk, witty plays combining sharp satire and light philosophical insights have made her...
		A non-profit making trust, whose board included West End producer Sally Greene and Stephen Daldry, was set up to buy the theatre in 1998, with plans...
		Pahlavi, Reza Shah (1877-1944), shah of Iran (1925-1941), born in Savad Kouh, Māzandarān Province.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Reza_Yasmina.html (96 words)

	Iranian Revolution
		In 1921 Reza Khan, commander of an Iranian cossack force, overthrew the decadent Kajar dynasty, and, as Reza Shah Pahlevi, established the Pahlevi dynasty in 1925.
		Mossadegh refused to yield, and the shah fled to Rome.
		The militants demanded that the shah be turned over to face trial and that billions of dollars he had allegedly took abroad be returned.
	novaonline.nvcc.edu /eli/evans/his135/Events/Iran79.htm (1033 words)

	Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi
		Pahlevi, Iranian shahs - Pahlevi: see Reza Shah Pahlevi; Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi.
		Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi (The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition)
		Opposition to Reza Khan within the Iranian Army, 1921-26.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0834354.html (410 words)

	A weeklong journal of a writer in Iran. By Reza Aslan
		Most tours of Tehran begin in one of two places—the stately Imperial Palaces, where Muhammad Reza Shah spent his final years as king of Iran, or the massive mausoleum where Ayatollah Khomeini, the architect of the Islamic Republic, is entombed.
		Pundits in the West like to say there are two Irans: the Iran of the Reformers, represented by the elected parliament and its champion of reform, President Muhammad Khatami, and the Iran of the Conservatives, led by the unelected Council of Guardians and the all-powerful Supreme Leader Ali Khameini (Khomeini's hand-picked successor).
		While the shah turned his back to Islam and wrapped himself in the ostentatious pageantry of Iran's ancient past, the cleric appealed to traditional Shiite sentiments.
	www.slate.com /id/2106317/entry/2106413 (1131 words)

	[No title]
		Nasereddin Shah, ruler of the time, observing the increasing protestation of the people was compelled to abrogate the related agreement and pay damages to the involved company.
		During the fourth legislative period, Mudarris assumed the leadership of the majority faction opposed to Reza Khan, In the Sth and 6th legislative sessions of the Majlis, Mudarris opposed the conversion of the constitutional form of government to republic form which Reza Khan wanted and prevented the Majtis from approving the related measure.
		Ale Shah arranged for his terror and as he escaped, he was exiled to Kashmar and Khauf (a city of Khorasan).
	www.irna.ir /occasion/ertehal/english/saying/footnote.htm (4892 words)

	Revisiting Foucault and the Iranian Revolution
		Situating himself in a postmodern position, he argued that the shah's plan for "secularization and modernization," handed down by his father Reza Shah, a brutal dictator known for "his famous gaze," was itself retrograde and archaic.
		The Pahlavi shahs were the guardians of a modernizing disciplinary state that subjected all of the people of Iran to the intense gaze of their overlords.
		Most notably, Foucault was criticizing the surveillance methods and disciplinary practices adopted by the regime of Muhammad Reza Shah and his notorious secret police, the SAVAK, whose methods and practices remained brutal and retrograde.
	www.wpunj.edu /newpol/issue37/Afary37.htm (4093 words)

	Aryamehr
		Founded by Muhammad Reza Shah in honour of Empress Farah on 26th September 1967* and restricted to ladies only.
		Photographs of the Imperial wedding celebrations in April and May 1939, clearly show the Empress Mother Taj ul-Mulk wearing a star, almost identical to the one presented to Empress Farah in 1967.
		Reza Shah may well have founded the order at the same time as the Order of Pahlavi in 1932.
	www.4dw.net /royalark/Persia/Orders/aryamehr.htm (292 words)

	AllRefer.com - Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Tranian History, Biographies > Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi
		Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi[mOOhAm´mAd rizA shA pa´luvE] Pronunciation Key, 1919–80, shah of Iran (1941–79).
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/MuhammdR.html (374 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran History (Iranian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Khomeini's criticisms of Reza Shah Pahlevi led to his exile in 1964.
		Following the revolution that deposed Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi, Khomeini returned triumphantly to Iran in 1979, declared an Islamic republic, and began to exercise ultimate authority in the nation.
		Khomeini's rule was marked by the Iran hostage crisis and the Iran-Iraq War.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/K/Khomeini.html (235 words)

	Walter C. Uhler.com--The Media Farce Over Iran's Newly Elected President
		Yes, in 1953 the Eisenhower administration gave the CIA the green light to topple the constitutional government of democratically elected Prime Minister Muhammad Mussadiq and replace it with the dictatorial rule of Muhammad Reza Shah.
		The first revolution in February 1979 was led by Khomeini and overthrew some twenty-five years of dictatorial rule by Muhammad Reza Shah.
		But the Shah ruled for twenty-five years because the Eisenhower administration gave the CIA the green light to implement Operation Ajax in 1953, and thus engineer the coup that toppled the constitutional government of democratically elected Prime Minister Muhammad Mussadiq.
	www.walter-c-uhler.com /Reviews/Ahmadinejad.html (1131 words)

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