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Topic: Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha

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	Nubar Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abbas Pasha, who succeeded Ibrahim in 1848, maintained Nubar in the same capacity, and sent him in 1850 to London as his representative to resist the pretensions of the Ottoman sultan, who was seeking to evade the conditions of the treaty under which Egypt was secured to the family of Mehemet Ali.
		On the accession of Ismail Pasha, Nubar Bey was in the prime of life.
		The British government, under the advice of Baring, insisted on the evacuation of the Sudan, and Muhammad Sharif Pasha having resigned office, the more pliant Nubar was induced to become prime minister, and to carry out a policy of which he openly disapproved, but which he considered Egypt was forced to accept under British dictation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nubar_Pasha (1159 words)

	Egypt - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The foundations of the modern state were established by Muhammad Ali, who served as viceroy of Egypt from 1805 to 1849, while the country was a province of the Ottoman Empire.
		Tawfiq al-Hakim, whose novel The Return of the Spirit (1933) was a favorite of Gamal Abdel Nasser, is known for both fiction and dramatic writing.
		Muhammad Abd ‘al-Wahhab was the leading male vocalist of the 20th century, while Abd al-Halim Hafiz was especially popular with younger audiences in the 1950s and 1960s.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761557408__1/Egypt.html (15428 words)

	Egypt - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The Fatimid rulers, originally from Tunisia, claimed the caliphate for themselves on the basis of descent from Fatima, daughter of the prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
		In the late 18th century widespread famine reduced the population of Egypt, and factional fighting in Cairo weakened the authority of the Mamluks.
		(“Pasha” was an Ottoman title, roughly akin to “Lord”; it was the title used by the viceroys of Egypt.) His successor, Abbas I, tried to undo Muhammad Ali’s reforms and to dismiss his French advisers.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761557408___44/Egypt.html (7588 words)

	Egypt - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Egypt
		One faction of the Albanians put Ahmed Pasha Khorshidin (Khorshid Pasha, or Khurshid Pasha) in the seat of government, and Kurdish troops were sent from Syria to Cairo to strengthen Khorshid.
		In 1833, two years after an invasion led by his son Ibrahim, the sultan appointed Mehmet pasha of Syria and the district of Adana, so that Mehmet now became the sole ruler of a large empire, while he was only responsible for a small tribute to the sultan.
		The sultan Ahmed Fuad became King Fuad I. In April 1923 the constitution of the kingdom of Egypt as a hereditary constitutional monarchy was proclaimed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Egypt (7147 words)

	Egypt and the Eastern Question
		Muhammad Ali, who has been called the "father of modern Egypt," was able to attain control of Egypt because of his own leadership abilities and political shrewdness but also because the country seemed to be slipping into anarchy.
		According to the Treaty of 1841, Muhammad Ali was stripped of all the conquered territory except Sudan but was granted the hereditary governorship of Egypt for life, with succession going to the eldest male in the family.
		Muhammad Ali was also compelled to agree to the Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1838, which established "free trade" in Egypt.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/593Egy.html (9447 words)

	Isma'il Pasha - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Isma'il Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (December 31, 1830–March 2, 1895) (Arabic: إسماعيل باشا), was khedive of Egypt from 1863 until he was removed at the behest of the British in 1879.
		Ismail was born in Cairo, being the second of the three sons of Ibrahim Pasha and grandson of Mehemet Ali.
		After receiving a European education in Paris, where he attended the Ecole d'etat-Major, he returned home, and on the death of his elder brother became heir to his uncle, Said Mohammed, the Vali of Egypt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Isma'il_Pasha (1185 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| Against the tide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The marriage in 1937 of Muhammad Tawfiq Nessim to an Austrian 50 years his junior raised not a few eyebrows.
		The vast age difference, she being a foreigner and of a class far beneath the pasha's aristocratic lineage all posed problems for Nessim, once the head of the king's cabinet.
		He had placed a total of 169 feddans in trust, the proceeds from which were dedicated to a hospital being constructed in Giza, another hospital under construction in Mansoura, a clinic located near the family burial grounds in Imam El-Shafie in Cairo, and to the funding of the upkeep and maintenance of these buildings.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/754/chrncls.htm (2809 words)

	Jordan: An absence of safeguards - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For instance, one of them, Muhammad Wasfi, stated that he had been severely beaten and suspended by a rope in order to confess during six months' incommunicado detention; the date of arrest on his form was later falsified to suggest that he had been arrested several months later.
		Muhammad Wasfi's lawyer raised his torture before the State Security Court and he was one of those acquitted in the case.
		Samer Muhammad Ziyad Khazer, who had a history in the months before his death of criticisms or confrontations with the police, was beaten to death on 23 June 1997 in Zebda al-Wasatiya village near Irbid.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/ENGMDE160111998 (8466 words)

	HizmetBooks
		Muhammad 'Ali Pasha, as he was advised by Sharif Ghalib Effendi, acted very intelligently in gaining these successes by distributing 118,000 rials to the villages which easily gave in to money.
		Ibrahim Pasha demolished the Dar'iyya fortress and returned to Egypt in Muharram 1235 A.H. And one of Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's sons was brought to Egypt and kept in prison till he died.
		Sharif Husain Pasha (rahmat-Allahi 'alaih) saw that the Unionists, exploiting the faith of Muslims and talking about jihad against non-Muslims, were leading the great empire to partition, that they were throwing thousands of Muslim youth into the fire, that their unawareness and dissipation were not compatible with their words in the least.
	www.hizmetbooks.org /Advice_for_the_Muslim/wah-41.htm (7946 words)

	Egypt
		Muhammad Husayn Haykal (1888-1956) was the author of one of the earliest novels in modern Arabic, Zynab (1914).
		The novelist and playwright Tawfiq al-Hakim was a satirist and social critic.
		During a power struggle that followed the expulsion of the French, Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian officer in the Ottoman forces, established himself in a position of power and was recognized (1805) as viceroy of Egypt by the Ottoman sultan.
	egyptworld.8k.com /closeegypt.html (8902 words)

	5,000 Years of Civilization
		Then as they were departing, Muhammad Ali Pasha had them ambushed and assassinated, removing any remaining threat to his rule in one bold stroke.
		Most noteworthy of Muhammad Ali's heirs was his grandson Ismail, who served as khedive from 1863 to 1879.
		Ibrahim's son, Khedive Tawfiq (1879-1892), was a weak ruler unable to control the nationalist general Ahmad Urabi, who in 1882 lead an uprising in protest of Ottoman and European influence.
	www.nytimes.com /fodors/fdrs_feat_40_2.html (2766 words)

	cuno abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Amina (1858-1931), the bride of Tawfiq, was the granddaughter of the viceroy Abbas I (1849-1863), one Ismail's paternal cousins.
		Muhammad Ali's household also emulated the imperial household in that one of its principal functions was to train male and female slaves for entry into the political elite.
		She did not accompany Muhammad Ali to Egypt, and after his appointment as viceroy she and her two daughters resided for a period of some two years in Istanbul, "where she and her daughters were to become acquainted with the obligations of their new position.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~mescha/famabstracts/cuno.html (8589 words)

	THE NEWS BLOG
		In 1820 the sultan of Sannar informed Muhammad Ali that he was unable to comply with the demand to expel the Mamluks.
		Muhammad Ali's immediate successors, Abbas I (1849-54) and Said (1854-63), lacked leadership qualities and paid little attention to Sudan, but the reign of Ismail (1863-79) revitalized Egyptian interest in the country.
		The Mahdi also added the declaration "and Muhammad Ahmad is the Mahdi of God and the representative of His Prophet" to the recitation of the creed, the shahada.
	stevegilliard.blogspot.com /2004/12/colonial-warfare-pt-20.html (4919 words)

	The Webfairy -- Re: [CIA-DRUGS] Re: Vreeland Question: The Iraq Letter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Isma'il Pasha, an ambitious and clever young man who expressed an early fascination with Europe, had been installed as the viceroy of Egypt by Sultan Abdalaziz.
		Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha, Isma'l's son, expelled al-Afghani from Egypt that same year.
		The Ottoman Turks appoint Shaikh Jassin ibn Muhammad al-Thani as governor of Qatar.
	thewebfairy.com /911/cia-drugs/Msg00882.html (2357 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| Lacklustre return
		In the league, the movement's leadership was assumed by the Sudanese officer Lieutenant Muhammad Saleh Jabril and in Darfur Lieutenant Muhammad Effendi Allam.
		In the negotiations conducted by Abdel-Khaleq Tharwat Pasha with the British Foreign Secretary Mr Chamberlain (1927-1928), the primary demand of the Egyptian prime minister was reinstating the status quo prior to 1924, that is, returning the Egyptian army to Sudan.
		In the Muhammad Mahmoud-Henderson negotiations that took place two years later, Article 12 of the proposal put forward by the Egyptian prime minister provided that "British- Egyptian rule of Sudan continue in accordance with the conditions of the current agreements or any future amendments agreed upon by the two contracting parties.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/772/chrncls.htm (3046 words)

	Index Aa-Ag (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He was barely of age when the sudden death of his father, Muhammad Tawfiq Pasha, raised him to the khediviate.
		Muhammad Siad Barre and represented the Somali Democratic Movement in major peace and reconciliation conferences.
		He was interior minister in the government of warlord Muhammad Farah Aydid and later minister of fisheries and marine resources (2001-02) under Pres.
	www.manic-raven.com /rulers/indexa1.html (15594 words)

	Middle East/North Africa/Persian Gulf Region
		Prime Minister Kamil Pasha was overthrown in a rebellion led by Enver Bey on January 23, 1913, and General Mahmud Shevket Pasha formed a government as prime minister on January 24, 1913.
		Prime Minister Zaghlul Pasha resigned on November 24, 1924, and Ahmad Ziwar Pasha was appointed prime minister on November 25, 1924.
		Saad Zaghlul Pasha died on August 23, 1927, and Mustafa al-Nahhas Pasha was chosen as the new leader of the Wafd Party in September 1927.
	faculty.uca.edu /~markm/tpi_narrative_middleeast.htm (19074 words)

	IslamiCity.com - Communications & Services
		Documented reports of al-Afghani's residence in Afghanistan date to 1866, when he was part of the entourage of Muhammad A'zam Khan, the military ruler of Qandahar under Dost Muhammad Khan.
		When Dost Muhammad died in 1863, his three sons fought among themselves for the rulership.
		While thus engaged, in a series of lectures on reform, he grafted the example of Egypt's economic strangulation by European banks to medieval Islamic philosophy concluding that the situation would not have obtained if Western exploitation was not operating in the region.
	www.islamicity.com /articles/Articles.asp?ref=IC0506-2712 (2336 words)

	habib
		His ancestors were based in Marrakech, and he is related to Moulay 'Abdullah Amghar, who is buried at Tanasleht, near Marrakech, a descendant of a line which goes back to 'Ali and Husayn.
		Then he stopped his studies in 1319 when he achieved his desire and filled himself with knowledge and education, and he began to teach knowledge on a voluntary basis in the mosque of Qasba an-Nawwar in Fes, teaching al-Murshid al-Mu'in, the Mukhtasar of Khalil, the Muwatta' of Imam Malik, as-Sanusiyya, and tafsir.
		Among them in Blida he met Shaykh Sidi Muhammad ibn Jalul and Sidi Ahmad, and to Fagig in the area of Oujda and meet its scholars, including the Shaykh al-Islam, Sidi Muhammad al-Qadi and Qadi Sidi Jalul.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/ABewley/habib.html (1206 words)

	[No title]
		(2) (1) principal Coordinator of the rebel activities 1920 Mirza Muhammad Taqi Shirazi, Grand Mujtahid of Karbala, principal Shi'a leader.
		Nuri Pasha as-Said (3x) 1944 - 1946 Hamdi al-Bajaji 1891 - 1948 Ministers of Foreign Affairs 1924 - 1930 the Prime Ministers s.a.
		Nuri Pasha as-Said* (6x) 1942 - 1943 'Abd al-'Ilah al-Hafiz 1943 Nasrat Bey al-Farisi 1943 Tahsin al-'Askari* 1943 - 1944 Mahmud Subih ad-Daftari 1944 - 1945 Arshad Pasha al-'Umari 1888 - Ministers of Defence 1920 - 1922 Gen. Ja'far Pasha al-'Askari (CS) s.a.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Rotunda/2209/Iraq.html (1714 words)

	Blue Nile Forum منتدى النيل الأزرق: Sudan Political History
		In 1761 the vizier Muhammad Abu al Kaylak, who had led the Funj army in wars, carried out a palace coup, relegating the sultan to a figurehead role.
		As a pashalik of the Ottoman Empire, Egypt had been divided into several provinces, each of which was placed under a Mamluk bey (governor) responsible to the pasha, who in turn answered to the Porte, the term used for the Ottoman government referring to the Sublime Porte, or high gate, of the grand vizier's building.
		Later, as a sheikh of the order, Muhammad Ahmad spent several years in seclusion and gained a reputation as a mystic and teacher.
	bluenileforum.blogspot.com /2005/01/sudan-political-history.html (17808 words)

	The National Archives \| Exhibitions & Learning online \| British Battles
		From 1805 Egypt had been nominally part of the Ottoman (Turkish) empire, but it was effectively ruled by a dynasty established by the strong and modernising ruler Muhammad Ali.
		In spite of the Khedive's sale of his 45% holding in the Suez Canal to Britain for £4 million in 1875, Egypt was heading for financial ruin.
		By September 1881, Urabi and his followers were powerful enough to force the new Khedive, Tawfiq, to replace his government with one more favourable to the nationalist movement.
	www.nationalarchives.gov.uk /battles/egypt (453 words)

	History 432 Second Half
		• Midhat Pasha and the Constitution of 1876
		Enver Pasha and the German Alliance (Secret Meetings of 27 July 1914)
		Churchill proposes confiscation of the Osman and Reshadieh (approved by Cabinet on 31 July 1914)
	www2.hawaii.edu /~edaniel/355/welcome.html (1013 words)

	Egypt9
		1863 - 1879 H.H. Sa'adat Sahib al-Tal'a al-vaiqa al-Khedivi al-Afkham wa'l-duari al-Akram) Ismail Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, Sovereign of Nubia, of the Sudan, of Kordofan and of Darfur, GCB (c 18.12.1866), GCSI (27.8.1868).
		January 1830, third son of Field Marshal H.H. Ibrahim Pasha, Vali of Egypt, etc., by his third wife, H.H. Khushiyar Kadin Effendimiz, the Valida Pasha, educ.
		November 1931), younger son of Field Marshal H.E. Muhammad Rauf Pasha, sometime Supreme C-in-C of th Ottoman Armies, Master-General of the Ordnance, and Governor of Adrianople.
	4dw.net /royalark/Egypt/egypt9.htm (2680 words)

	Chronology of the Middle East, 1908 to 1966
		Backed by Ayatollah Muhammad Taqi al-Shirazi, the leading Shi'i mujtahid in Iraq, associated with the Independence Guard (Haras al-Istiqlal, estd 1919), a society calling for independence under Hashimite rule with predominantly Shi'i membership.
		The shah is deposed in favour of his son, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi (installed on 16Sept).
		Is relayed to Britain, when Tawfiq Abul Huda (Transjordanian PM) and John Bagot Glubb (commander of the Arab Legion since 1939) meet with Foreign Sec Ernest Bevin in London on 7Feb48.
	middleeastreference.org.uk /Chronology.html (10204 words)

	HizmetBooks
		The government of Khidiw Tawfiq Pasha, seeing that his lectures and articles were harmful, employed him in one of the offices of the law-court.
		Seeing the reforms made by Muhammad 'Abduh, many people suppose that he was an Islamic scholar.
		In the interpretation of the Fatiha, he wrote: "The Qur'an addressed the people living in that time [of its revelation] and it addressed them not because they were superior, but because they were human beings," thus he refused the hadiths about the superiority attained by as-Sahaba.
	www.hizmetbooks.org /religion_reformers_in_islam/ref-47.htm (1429 words)

	The Alexandria Protocol
		H.E. Mustafa Al-Nahhas Pasha, Egyptian Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs; head of the Egyptian delegation;
		H.E. Tawfiq Abul-Huda Pasha, Trans-Jordanian Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs, head of the Trans-Jordanian delegation;
		H.E. Muhammad Salah-al-Din Bey, Under Secretary of State of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
	www.arableague-us.org /alexandria1.html (359 words)

	Egypt4
		August 1900), fourth daughter of Lieutenant-General H.H. Prince Muhammad 'Abbas Halim Pasha, sometime Governor-General of Rumelia and Bursa, by his wife, H.H. Princess Fakhr un-nisa Khadija Khanum Effendi, second daughter of H.H. Muhammad Tawfik Pasha, Khedive of Egypt, etc. GCB, GCSI.
		Khadija, daughter of Muhammad Muammer Erish, a banker from Istanbul, by his wife, Musaffa, née Emre.
		February 1944), third son of Lieutenant-General H.H. Prince Muhammad 'Abdu'l-Halim Pasha, sometime Governor-General of the Sudan and Presdt.
	4dw.net /royalark/Egypt/egypt4.htm (1456 words)

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