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Topic: Muhammad bin Tughluq

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Delhi

Delhi Sultanate

	Muhammad bin Tughluq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Muhammad was committed to maintaining the Sultanate's expansion into the newly-conquered provinces of peninsular India.
		To have better administration of these southern parts of the Empire, Muhammad moved the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in the Deccan in the early part of his reign, renaming that city Devagiri as Daulatabad.
		Muhammad also had the idea of introducing token currency for the first time in India, modelled after the Chinese example, using brass or copper coins, backed by silver and gold kept in the treasury.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Muhammad_Tughlak (393 words)

	Muhammad bin Tughluq Biography / Biography of Muhammad bin Tughluq Biography
		Muhammad bin Tughluq (1290-1351) was a medieval Indian ruler whose reign saw the beginning of the disintegration of the empire of Delhi.
		Muhammad's regime of 26 years seems to have largely been occupied with fighting rebellions (some 22 are listed), planning ambitious projects of conquest of farflung areas, and making administrative innovations that brought disgrace to the ruler and suffering for his subjects.
		In 1328-1329 Muhammad ordered an enhancement of agricultural taxes in the Doab (area watered by the Ganges and the Jamuna rivers), and the impost was collected with such severity that it bred rebellions and led to devastation of large tracts.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-muhammad-bin-tughluq (600 words)

	Delhi Sultanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		During the last quarter of the twelfth century, Muhammad of Ghor invaded the Indo-Gangetic plain, conquering in succession Ghazni, Multan, Sindh, Lahore, and Delhi.
		The Khilji or Khalji dynasty, who had established themselves as rulers of Bengal in the time of Muhammad Ghori, took control of the empire in a coup which eliminated the last of the Mamluks.
		In the first half of the 14th century the Sultanate introduced a monetary economy in the provinces (sarkars) and districts (parganas) that had been established and founded a network of market centers through which the traditional village economies were both exploited and stimulated and drawn into the wider culture.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Delhi_Sultanate (914 words)

	Muhammad bin Tughluq [1300-1351] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Muhammad supported his father during his campaign against Khusraw and when the father became Sultan, he helped him in administrative affairs of the state.
		Muhammad was a deeply religious man and had learnt the Holy Quran by heart.
		Communication of Tughluq troops was disrupted and thus majority of the soldiers sent by the Sultan lost their lives in the expedition.
	www.storyofpakistan.com /person.asp?perid=P050 (733 words)

	Firuz Shah Tughluq - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Firuz Shah Tughlaq (also known as Firoz Shah Tughluq) was a Muslim ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty (1351 - 1388).
		He succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughluq following the later's death from a fatal illness, but due to widespread unrest Firuz's realm was much smaller than Muhammed's.
		His successor Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq II could not control the slaves and the nobles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Firuz_Shah_Tughluq (436 words)

	Biography Of Muslim Leaders In The Sub-continent - A Pakistani Forum : Online Discussion Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Firuz Shah was the son of Rajab and cousin of Muhammad bin Tughluq.
		Muhammad bin Qasim was orphaned as a child and thus the responsibility of his upbringing fell upon his mother.
		Muhammad bin Qasim was known for his obedience to the ruler.
	www.muziqpakistan.com /board/index.php?showtopic=34976 (12238 words)

	culture
		Muhammad Ghuri organized 120,000 men from Ghazni to face 300,000 led by Prithviraja, who was captured and eventually executed as the Muslims demolished the temples of Ajmer in 1192 and built mosques.
		Tughluq restored some administration to the Delhi sultanate by appointing honest governors and reducing taxation to one-tenth of the gross produce, while his son and successor conquered the Pandyas in the south and took Madura.
		Muhammad Tughluq's cousin Firuz Shah was sultan from 1351 to 1388.
	narasimhan.com /SK/Culture/culture_history/culture_hist_musliminvadors.htm (5173 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Delhi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Two sandstone pillars inscribed with the edicts of Ashoka were later brought to the city by Firuz Shah Tughluq.
		The Chauhan king Prithviraj III was defeated in 1192 by the Afghan army of Muhammad Ghori.
		After the end of the Slave dynasty, a succession of Turkic and Central Asian dynasties, the Khilji dynasty, the Tughluq dynasty, the Sayyid dynasty and the Lodhi dynasty held power in the late medieval period and built a sequence of forts and townships that are part of the fabled seven cities of Delhi.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Delhi (2809 words)

	Delhi Sultans and Rajas 1300-1526 by Sanderson Beck
		Muhammad bin Tughluq was also criticized for forcing people to move from Delhi to a new capital at Devagiri renamed Daulatabad.
		Muhammad bin Tughluq was praised by Muslim historians for his learning and for providing hospitals and housing for widows and orphans.
		Tughluq replied that he was executing people for every slight disobedience and planned to continue doing so until they perished or their rebellion ended.
	san.beck.org /2-8-DelhiSultans1300-1526.html (12518 words)

	Bahamani Dynasty
		Muhammad Shah ascended the throne on 1-3-759 AH.
		Muhammad I was succeeded by his son Ala-ud-din Mujahid Shah on 17th of Shawwal 776 AH at the age of 19.
		Muhammad Shah II's 19 year reign was one of the most peaceful period in the whole Bahmani history.
	www.indhistory.com /bahamani-dynasty.html (2746 words)

	khalji tughlaq dynasty,khalji tughlaq, tughlaq dynasty,khalji tughlaq empire,history of india
		In 1325 the Sultan met an accidental death and was succeeded by his son Jauna under the title Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
		Muhammad also introduced copper and brass coins as "token coins" and ordered that these coins should be considered at par with the silver and gold coins in value.
		The reign of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq as Sultan of Delhi from 1325-1351 was dogged by constant controversy.
	www.india4world.com /Indian-History/Khalji-Tughlaq-Dynasty.shtml (786 words)

	Tughluk Dynasty
		As the legend goes, the incensed saint prophesized that the new fort would be inhabited by nomads and eventually crumble down to ruins.
		Following Ghiyasuddin’s death in 1324, his successor, Muhammad Bin Tughlaq, moved back to the previous city and nomads used the fort for a while, until it was abandoned and eventually fell to ruins.
		Muhammad bin Tughluq's engagements with his domestic affairs made him turn a blind eye to the Mongols who made use of his opportunity and invaded India in 1328 AD.
	www.indhistory.com /tughluk-dynasty.html (683 words)

	History
		Muhammad Quli was succeeded by his nephew and son-in-law Sultan Muhammad in A.D.1612.
		Sultan Muhammad's premature death in A.D.1626 was a sad prelude to the decline and fall of Golconda.
		The founder of this dynasty was one Mir Kamaruddin, a noble and a courtier of the Mughal Muhammad Shah, who negotiated for a peace treaty with Nadirshah, the Iranian invader; got disgusted with the intrigues that prevailed in Delhi.
	www.euroandhra.com /history.html (9926 words)

	HISTORY OF LUCKNOW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Muhammad Ashraf’s brother is said have founded Musharaffabad or Naubasta, a southward continuation of Ashrafabad.
		Muhammad Amin was instrumental in the accession of Muhammad Shah and the over through of the Saiyyid brothers, Abdullah Khan and Husain Ali, Who attempted to become kind-makers.
		Muhammad Ali Shah died on 16 May 1842, and was laid to rest ion his magnificent Imambara at Hussainabad.
	www.tasleemlucknow.com /nawabera.htm (4465 words)

	Indian History - Muslim Period in India
		In 1325 the Sultan met an accidental death and was succeeded by his son Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
		Muhammad fled and Timur captured the city and destroyed many temples in north India.
		Alauddin I was succeeded by Muhammad Shah I. He waged wars against the Hindu rulers of Vijayanagar and Warangal.
	www.gatewayforindia.com /history/muslim_history.htm (3881 words)

	HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF DISTRICT SANGRUR
		The Phulkian Sikhs who are known as such after the name of their common ancestor 'Phul' and who later on succeeded in establishing political power in Cis-Satluj Punjab, did not give much physical assistance to Banda Bahadur, but they gave much liberal financial assistance to him for fighting against the Mughal Rule.
		In the battle of Chhapar Chiri (near Sirhind) in 1710, Sher Muhammad Khan and Khwaza Ali of Malerkotla who were assisting Wazir Khan, the Governor of Sirhind, were killed.
		Muhammad Shah died leaving three sons of whom the eldest Khawaja Maudud succeeded in 1545.
	sangrur.nic.in /html/history.html (12061 words)

	Temple desecration and Indo-Muslim states
		Within several decades of Muhammad bin Tughluq's death, Sultan Shihab al-Din (1355-73) of Kashmir rebuked his Brahmin minister for having suggested melting down Hindu and Buddhist images in his kingdo m as a means of obtaining quick cash.
		Th is urge was manifested, for example, in the perception of the Tughluqs as legitimate successors to the Tomaras and Cahamanas; of a Muslim ruler of Kashmir as having a lunar, Pandava lineage; or of the Mughal emperors as supporters of Ramarajya (th e "kingship of Lord Rama").
		1 P.B. Desai, "Kalyana Inscription of Sultan Muhammad, Saka 1248," Epigraphia Indica 32 (1957-58), 165-68.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1726/17260700.htm (4717 words)

	History of Bahmani Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Silver Coins struck in the name of Muhammad Shah I in 778 AH, Silver coin of 777 AH and a Gold coin of 778 AH is also known.
		This indicates that Muhammad Shah I might have died in 777 AH.
		Muhammad I was succeeded by his son Ala-ud-din Mujahid Shah on 17
	www.indiancoins.8m.com /bahmani/BahmaniHist.html (3279 words)

	Indax - India Web Site- Delhi
		The Afghani emperor, Muhammad Ghuri defeated the Chauhans in 1191 and his general, Qutb-ud-din Aibak was left in charge of the newly won territories.
		JAHANPANAH, the fourth city, was built by Muhammad bin Tughluq, but did not last.
		After the Tughluqs came the Turk, Tamerlane, who sacked Delhi in 1398, and after him the Sayyids ruled for most of the first half of the 15th century.
	www.indax.com /delhi.html (692 words)

	Coins of bengal - Muhammad bin Tughluq Sultan of Dehli
		Coins of bengal - Muhammad bin Tughluq Sultan of Dehli
		Muhammad bin Tughluq Sultan of Dehli: 725 - 752 AH; 1325 - 1351 AD
		al-mujahid fi sabil allah muhammad bin tughluq shah;date in margin
	www215.pair.com /sacoins/public_html/bengal/bengal_22_btug.html (46 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of India & Southeast Asia to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Barani served in the government under Muhammad bin Tughluq but was imprisoned by Firuz Shah.
		Sayyid Ahmad of Bareilly led an Islamic revolt against Yar Muhammad in 1829 and proclaimed himself caliph; but his taxes and intolerance were unpopular, and he was killed at Balakot in 1831.
		After Russian envoy Simonitch persuaded Persia's Muhammad Shah to besiege Herat in 1837, the British navy took an island in the Persian Gulf to pressure the Persians to withdraw.
	www.san.beck.org /2-14-Summary.html (10869 words)

	Temple desecration in pre-modern India
		After 1320, however, a new north Indian dynasty, the Tughluqs, sought permanent dominion in the Deccan, which the future Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq established by uprooting royally patronised temples in western Andhra, most prominently the Svayambhusiva complex in the centre of the Kakatiyas' capital city of Warangal (nos.
		From the late fourteenth century, after the tide of Tughluq imperialism had receded from Gujarat and the Deccan, newly emerging successor states sought to expand their own political frontiers in those areas.
		When Firuz Tughluq invaded Orissa in 1359 and learned that the region's most important temple was that of Jagannath located inside the raja's fortress in Puri, he carried off the stone image of the god and installed it in Delhi "in an ignominious position" (no. 23).
	www.hinduonnet.com /fline/fl1725/17250620.htm (4987 words)

	Time for a Fresh Look
		Ilmuddin was sentenced to death by the sessions court and the appeal was argued by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the Punjab High Court.
		The Khiljis were succeeded by the House of Tughluq.
		The second ruler, Fakhruddin Muhammad Jauna Shah (Muhammad bin Tughluq) used talented people of Indian origin to staff the highest offices of the realm.
	members.tripod.com /anantmithal/Itihaas/1998/it980705TimeForFreshLook.html (1605 words)

	The Ultimate Delhi Dog Breeds Information Guide and Reference
		The famous wrought iron pilar of Ashoka near the Qutb Minar was only manufactured in the Gupta-Period (AD 400-600) and transplanted to Delhi at some time in the 10th century.
		After 1206, Delhi was the capital of the Delhi Sultanate (Mameluk dynasty, Khilji dynasty, Tughluq dynasty, Sayyid dynasty and Lodhi dynasty).
		The more recent city is believed to be made up of seven successive cities, the remains of some of which can still be seen on the ground.
	www.dogluvers.com /dog_breeds/Delhi (1718 words)

	Untitled Document
		Muhammad Bin Tughluq honoured Shihab-Ud-Din of Multan with the litle Nusrat Khan and conferred on him the Government of Bidar(One of the aqlims or provinces) with its dependencies on the condition that he should pay a revenue of one Crore of rupees annually into the kings treasury.
		On the order of the monarch Muhammad III, mahmud Gawan was beheaded at Kondappalli Camp.
		As Bahmani Sultan Alaud-din Shah was venturing to assert himself, he was dethrouned by Amir Barid.
	bidar.nic.in /hist.htm (866 words)

	India1100to1500.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughluq 1320-25 CE Muhammad bin Tughluq 1325-51 CE (725 - 752 AH)
		Muhammad bin Farid 1434 - 45 CE (837 - 49 AH)
		Muhammad ‘Adil (Mubariz al-Din) 1552 - 56 CE (960 - 64 AH)
	www.worldcoincatalog.com /C3/India/MuslimKingdoms/India1100to1500.htm (148 words)

	Coinage of the Delhi Sultanates
		Muhammad Bin Sam initiated the coinage of Hindu Kings of Kanauj to have wide acceptance by his new subjects.
		s though produced in bulk, largely varied in proportion of silver alloy ingredients but they were of the same standard set by Md Bin Tughlaq.
		Some of these and the posthumous issues of his son Muhammad and grandson Mahmud were continually struck by
	prabhu.50g.com /sultanates/sul_del_coinage.html (1079 words)

	India Delhi - History of Delhi
		Only a few walls of Lal Kot now remain, in the Mehrauli suburb of southwest Delhi, but a stone inscription at the Qutb Minar nearby claims that the stones of the numerous Hindu and Jain temples constructed in Lal Kot were later used to build the Great Mosque in the Qutb complex.
		The energies of the next sultan, Firuz Shah, were taken up with suppressing rebellion, as the Sultanate began to disintegrate, but his reputation as an iconoclast is belied by his keen interest in Indian culture and history.
		The Tughluq line came to an end in 1398, when Timur (Tamerlane), a Central Asian Turk, sacked Delhi.
	www.whereincity.com /india/delhi/delhi-history.php (1589 words)

	Welcome To Punjabkesari.com-Religion
		The village of Chiragh-Delhi, on Malaviya Nagar-Kalkaji road, grew up slowly around the Tomb of Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud entitled 'Raushan Chiragh-i-Dili' (illuminated lamp of Delhi), disciple of Hazrat Nizamu'd-Din whom he also succeeded as head of the Chishti sect.
		The village was enclosed earlier within a large rubble-built rectangular enclosure with a gateway on each side, by Muhammad Bin Tughluq.
		The tomb consists of a twelve-pillared square chamber, enclosed within perforated screens and surmounted by a plastered dome rising from an octagonal drum, with small domed turrets at the four corners.
	www.punjabkesari.com /Religion/4DelhiM.htm (138 words)

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