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Topic: Multi member plurality system

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Single Member Plurality

Single transferable vote

Supplementary Vote

Additional Member System

British elections

Politics of the United Kingdom

Single member plurality system

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	Bloc voting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was used for two member constituencies in Parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom until their abolition, and remains in use throughout England and Wales for local elections.
		Plurality bloc voting is also used in the election of the Senate of Poland, of the Parliament of Lebanon and of the plurality seats in the Palestinian Legislative council.
		Plurality bloc voting was used for the elections of both houses of Parliament in Belgium before proportional representation was implemented in 1900.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bloc_voting (1128 words)

	Plurality voting system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Plurality voting is used in 43 of the 191 countries in the United Nations for either local or national elections.
		Plurality voting is based on minimal information — a person's vote can be entirely represented by a binary choice, so anything can be used to signify a vote — the ancient Greeks would vote on ostracising someone by scratching the name of the person to be ostracised on a piece of pottery.
		The plurality election system is used in the Republic of China on Taiwan for executive offices such as county magistrates, mayors, and the president, but not for legislative seats which used the single non-transferable vote system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single_member_plurality (4283 words)

	U.S. Patent: 6178570 - Adjustable multi-nozzle rotating hydrotherapy jet system - January 30, 2001
		The system includes a jet, a rotating member or "eyeball" housing a series of discharge nozzles that can be adjusted to vary the location of an outlet flow stream as well as the direction and speed of the eyeball's rotation.
		a plurality of discharge nozzles that are carried by said carrier and are independently adjustable relative to said carrier, said nozzles positioned to receive and discharge said jet of water along a discharge axis, said nozzles being adjustable to vary said carrier's direction of rotation.
		System 166 can be pump driven to increase the pressure of the air that enters the jets, or can be vacuum based in which the venturi located within the jets draw air into the water flow stream.
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat6178570.html (5495 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5156470 - Two cartridge ink-supply system for a multi-color dot matrix printer - *
		The porous member contains fine holes with their sizes or diameters varying within a certain range, with the result that the ink absorbing capability varies from porous member to porous member, and excessive and insufficient quantities of ink tend to be supplied to the distal ends of the wire.
		Porous members 61 and 62 are held in contact only by the raised surface 44 of the bottom 40a, the vertical ridges 47 of the side wall 40c, the partition 48, and the ridges 51 of the lid 50.
		The porous member 60" is structurally equivalent to a plurality of porous sheet layers of different average hole diameters which are placed in the ink tank body 40 with the average hole diameters member 60".
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5156470.html (6811 words)

	Control system of multi-joint arm robot apparatus - Patent 4744719
		The control system controls the motors to obtain proper joint angles, in such a way that the joints of the multi-joint arm are put into a given path when the movable support is moved a given unit distance.
		In accordance with the measurement results the control system calculates an equation representing a path or track along which the multi-joint arm is to move, and such a joint angle of each of the joints that the joints are put into the path when the movable support is moved by a unit distance (feed pitch).
		A driving means for driving the guide member 50b and consisting of a motor 58c, a reduction gear 59c, a joint (not shown), a worm 60c, a worm wheel 61c and a spur wheel 62c, is also arranged on the support member 45a within the arm 45.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4744719.html (6225 words)

	Multi-channel sound simulation system - Patent 5265166
		A multi-channel sound simulation system for processing a stereophonic signal having a high frequency component for use with at least a pair of primary loudspeakers and a pair of secondary loudspeakers includes a receiving member for receiving the stereophonic signal and for producing a first primary channel signal and a second primary channel signal.
		The multi-channel sound simulation passive system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inductor circuit is disposed in series with the secondary loudspeakers and the capacitor circuit is disposed in parallel with the secondary loudspeakers.
		The sound simulation system includes an interfacing component for receiving the standard stereophonic signal and for producing a first primary channel signal and a second primary channel signal to be applied to first and second primary loudspeakers, respectively.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5265166.html (3260 words)

	Proportional Representation Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Half of the members of the legislature are elected in single-member district plurality contests.
		One variation of the mixed-member system is called "parallel voting." It uses the same double ballot, but it differs in that the party list seats are simply divided proportionately among the parties then added to the district winners, with not attempt to ensure proportional representation for parties in the legislature.
		Plurality-majority systems routinely waste large numbers of votes and this is why they are prone to such problems as party misrepresentation, and the underrepresentation of political minorities, racial minorities, and women.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/polit/damy/BeginnningReading/PRsystems.htm (2963 words)

	Electoral Systems (BP334E) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		[a]ll plurality systems tend to exaggerate the parliamentary representation of the strongest party, to penalize the second party and to devastate third parties whose support is thinly spread across the breadth of the country.
		These systems combine some of the advantages of PR and plurality systems by ensuring that not only do multiple points of view within a constituency gain legislative representation (as is the case under PR), but also that those elected have significant levels of support from the electorate.
		While studies confirm that PR systems on average offer greater proportionality than majoritarian/plurality systems,(23) some researchers have discovered that it is still possible for a plurality system to produce a more proportional result than a PR system.
	www.parl.gc.ca /information/library/PRBpubs/bp334-e.htm (7242 words)

	Alternatives to the Present System
		A parallel system where half the seats are elected from single member districts and half by PR mixed member proportional system where half the seats are elected from single member districts, and the remaining half are allocated to achieve a total result that is the same as with PR.
		To simulate a variety of district based electoral systems, we applied the SDSS to analyze population and electoral data for Gauteng Province as reported for 1,837 voting districts in the province for the 1999 election. The following is a map of these voting districts.
		The 23 districts for a mixed multi-member proportional system are the same as for the multi-member system with 23 districts presented in the previous two maps.
	www.uiowa.edu /~electdis/SouthAfrica_section2.htm (650 words)

	CV & D Factsheet I-C-1: Plurality voting sysytems using single-member districts
		Voters in a single member plurality election cast a vote for one candidate.
		The single member plurality voting system (SMP) is the most commonly used voting system in the United States.
		This system commonly works in a series of two elections, in which primaries are held to determine a nominee from each major party, followed by a general election that pits the primary winners against one another.
	www.fairvote.org /factshts/single.htm (837 words)

	System for an interactive network board remotely configurable by selecting from a plurality of functionality defining ...
		The plurality of stored modules are capable of configuring the board in a plurality of different operational modes, when the modules are formed in different combinations.
		Since the LAN 71 is remote from the remainder of the system, it is coupled to backbone 50 through a bus 56, a transponder (which may include a modem) 58, and a communication line 59.
		It is possible for both the Novell operating system and the UNIX operating system to use the same frame packet type; it is the operating system protocols (SPX/IPX for Novell and TCP/IP for UNIX) which determine which one of the operating systems in a multiprotocol environment is currently communicating on the LAN bus.
	xrint.com /patents/us/5657448 (17656 words)

	Multi-particle developability regulating system - United States Patent 4,111,151
		An apparatus in which the developability of a development system comprising a mixture of particles having at least two different colors is regulated.
		In a system of this type, it is necessary to control the concentration of at least two differently colored toner particles in the developer mixture.
		Accordingly, it is a primary object of the present invention to improve the developability regulating system for controlling the concentration of a plurality of differently colored toner particles in the developer mixture.
	xrint.com /patents/us/4111151 (5186 words)

	Law Commission of Canada :: About Us :: Reports :: Final Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		These systems are thought to combine the “best of both worlds”: the accountability and geographic representation that is one of the strengths of first-past-the-post and other plurality formulas, along with the demographic representativeness and fairness of proportional representation systems.
		For example, with a mixed member system, a voter may decide to “split” his or her vote by voting at the constituency level for a member of one party, and for a different party at the provincial or regional level.
		In this system, the two tiers of seats, each determined by its own electoral formula, are independent of each other, that is, no attempt is made to use the party-list vote or proportional component to compensate for distortions in the constituency vote.
	www.lcc.gc.ca /about/voting_8-en.asp (14493 words)

	Bakhtin Circle [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		A voluminous, ideologically motivated, often bad-tempered and largely futile body of literature has grown up to contest the issue one way or another, but since there is no concrete evidence to suggest that the published authors were not responsible for the texts which bear their names, there seems no real case to answer.
		Voloshinov firmly establishes the sign-bound nature of consciousness and the shifting nature of the language system, but instead of viewing the subject as fragmented by the reality of difference, he poses each utterance to be a microcosm of social conflict.
		This allows sociological structure and the plurality of discourse to be correlated according to a unitary historical development.
	www.iep.utm.edu /b/bakhtin.htm (8222 words)

	CV & D Factsheet I-C-3-b: Mixed Member Proportional Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Voters in an MMP system typically have two votes at the ballot box: one for their local representative and one for their favored political party.
		In the 1990’s, however, MMP was adopted for elections in New Zealand, Scotland and Wales, and a modified form of MMP was proposed by the Jenkins Commission to elect the British House of Commons.
		Among countries using parallel mixed member systems are Mexico, Russia and the Ukraine.
	www.fairvote.org /factshts/mmpr.htm (644 words)

	Multi-pattern shadow mask system and method for laser annealing - US Patent 6727125 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A multi-pattern shadow mask, shadow mask laser annealing system, and a multi-pattern shadow mask method for laser annealing are provided.
		Typically, the shadow mask includes a plurality of sections, with each section having at least one aperture pattern.
		If the mask section includes a plurality of aperture patterns, the selection of a section creates all the corresponding aperture patterns in the selected section.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6727125.html (205 words)

	Fruits and Votes » Blog Archive » The Palestinian mixed-member system and the Fatah internal brinksmanship
		The nominal tier of regional multi-seat plurality constituencies has an average magnitude of around four seats, and the voter may vote for as many candidates as there are seats in the district.
		While I agree that a system with two-tier PR, as in Austria, is in the family of compensatory systems (as is MMP), I would not put it in the category of mixed-member system.
		After all, what is ‘mixed’ about MMP (or MMM) is that members are elected under different principles (nominal and usually plurality in the lower tier; and list and usually PR in the upper), not simply that they are elected in tiers with different district magnitudes.
	fruitsandvotes.com /?p=418 (2930 words)

	Properties
		Just as sets can have members, properties can have instances, things that exemplify or instantiate them, and this relation of exemplification is to properties what the membership relation is to sets.
		These are the features that axiomatizations capture (zero is the first member of a countably infinite sequence, each member of the sequence has exactly one member that follows it, etc.).
		On one common system of classification, we move from familiar first-order logic to second-order logic by adding first-order variables, from second- to third-order logic by adding second-order constants, from third- to fourth-order logic by adding second-order variables, and so on up, alternating constants and variables at successive steps.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/properties (18888 words)

	plurality
		A plurality is the largest share of something, which may or may not be a majority.
		For the Plurality Method, the candidate with the most first place votes wins.
		They are plurality voting (the candidate with the most votes wins) and plurality voting with a runoff (the two candidates with the most votes...
	www.jointctr.org /?Category=plurality (314 words)

	Judaism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Some of these laws are directed only to men or to women, some only to Kohanim and Leviyim (members of the tribe of Levi), some only to those who practice farming within the land of Israel, and many laws were only applicable when the Temple in Jerusalem existed.
		The literature of questions to rabbis, and their considered answers, is referred to as responsa (in Hebrew, '"Sheelot U-Teshuvot".) Over time, as practices develop, Codes of Jewish Law are written that are based on the responsa; the most important code, the Shulkhan Arukh, largely determines Jewish religious practice up till today.
		A Jew who ceases to practice Judaism is still considered a Jew, as is a Jew who does not accept Jewish Principles of faith and becomes an agnostic or an atheist; so too with a Jew who converts to another religion.
	judaism.iqnaut.net (7047 words)

	GodPost
		We commission our members to engage in the mission of God in their environment, in most cases interpreting the good news for their particular culture, outside the control of the church institution.
		McFague’s seminal approach to narrative theology was laid out in 1975 in her book, “Speaking in Parables: A Study in Metaphor and Theology“, published by Fortress Press, and has been republished by SCM Press in 2002.
		Barbara Wheeler and Edward Farley continued the conversation in the collation of essays: “Shifting Boundaries: Contextual Approaches to the Structure of Theological Education“, in 1991.
	www.godpost.postkiwi.com (3819 words)

	Executive Summary: 1999-2003
		Rather it built a complex federal system where linkages between religion and government (controversial then and now) were acceptable at various levels.
		There is a stark contrast between members of the Jewish public and Jewish leaders when it comes to the perception of anti-Semitism in American society.
		While a plurality of both Jews (51%) and non-Jews (36%) opposed the recent Supreme Court decision allowing tuition vouchers to be used at religiously affiliated schools, Jews are more likely than non-Jews to oppose the inclusion of religious schools within voucher programs.
	www.cjcs.net /execsum.htm (10113 words)

	Multi-lock anterior cervical plating system (US6193721)
		Advertisement for Codman Anterior Cervical Plate System by Codman, Johnson & Johnson, Professional, Inc, Undated.
		ORION Brochure, Anterior Cervical Plate System, Surgical Technique, as described by Gary L. Lowery, M.D., Ph.D., 1996.
		US6936050 issued 2005-08-30 Multilock anterior cervical plating system
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06193721__ (560 words)

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