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Topic: Multiprocessing

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	Multiprocessing
		Most symbol names for multiprocessing are in the multiprocessing package, nicknamed mp.
		Although multiprocessing can be used within a single application towards performing a single, integrated task, it is an important design feature that multiprocessing allows multiple unrelated tasks to reside in the same Lisp image.
		Since the multiprocessing system tries hard to insulate variable bindings between processes, the macro tpl:setq-default is provided to make it easier for a user to change the default value of some standard variable when that is what is really desired.
	www.franz.com /support/documentation/6.2/doc/multiprocessing.htm (11695 words)

	multiprocessing - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiprocessing is a general term that can mean the dynamic assignment of a program to one of two or more computers working in tandem or can involve multiple computers working on the same program at the same time (in parallel).
		Multiprocessing should not be confused with multiprogramming, or the interleaved execution of two or more programs by a processor.
		Multiprocessing can also be confused with multitasking, the management of programs and the system services they request as tasks that can be interleaved, and with multithreading, the management of multiple execution paths through the computer or of multiple users sharing the same copy of a program.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci212616,00.html (350 words)

	Encyclopedia: Multiprocessing
		Symmetric Multiprocessing, or SMP, is a multiprocessor computer architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single shared main memory.
		Multiprocessing can also be the use of more than one CPU in a computer system in order to improve performance.
		Multiprocessing for general tasks is often fairly difficult to achieve due to various programss holding internal data, known as state (or context).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Multiprocessing (1246 words)

	Public-Sector Multiprocessing Emerges - December 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Once a specialized (and expensive) hardware technology used primarily in science and research, multiprocessing has quickly entered the mainstream market, providing organizations with significant horsepower to run their growing applications, but at far lower costs than in the past.
		In the commercial sector, retail chains, airlines, insurance firms and financial institutions have begun employing multiprocessing to increase the speed of their applications, many of which run databases that are hundreds of gigabytes in size.
		Multiprocessing, with its performance, scalability and processing capabilities, can give states and localities the means to move in the right direction.
	www.govtech.net /magazine/story.php?id=96115&issue=12:1995 (1690 words)

	EDN Access — 07.18.96 OSs and development tools lighten the load
		One of the first things designers should realize is that debugging multiprocessing software involves finding both logical errors in the code and errors in the interaction between parts of the code.
		A useful approach to multiprocessing debugging is to debug the code's logic in a uniprocessor environment.
		After the multiprocessing code is up and running, designers may find that the system's performance does not show the gains expected from the additional processing power.
	www.edn.com /archives/1996/071896/15df1.htm (2222 words)

	Multithreading, Hyper-threading, Multiprocessing: Now, what's the difference? - Intel® Software Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiprocessing systems have multiple processors running at the same time.
		Multiprocessing systems allow different threads to run on different processors.
		Today, symmetrical multiprocessing systems are the norm, and asymmetrical designs have nearly completely disappeared.
	www.intel.com /cd/ids/developer/asmo-na/eng/dc/digitalmedia/reference/20456.htm?page=3 (611 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Traditional multiprocessing systems have anywhere from 2 to about 128 processors.
		The penalties accrued when threads have to wait for each other are so steep that minimizing this delay is a central design issue for hardware installations and the software they run.
		It is generally the largest factor in preventing perfect scalability of performance of multiprocessing systems, because running threads that never contend for the same resource is effectively impossible.
	www.intel.com /cd/channel/reseller/ASMO-NA/ENG/products/box_server_products/server_chassis/pedestal/ser_chassis_sc5250e/technical_reference/20456.htm?page=3 (577 words)

	Facts about topic: (Multiprocessing) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiprocessing for general tasks is often fairly difficult to achieve due to various program ((computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute) s holding internal data, known as state (or context).
		The most common for smaller systems is symmetric multiprocessing (additional info and facts about symmetric multiprocessing) (SMP) while larger systems use non-uniform memory access (additional info and facts about non-uniform memory access) (NUMA) multiprocessing.
		Multiprocessors may be thought as subgenre of distributed shared memory (additional info and facts about distributed shared memory) system, namely hardware one.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mu/multiprocessing.htm (547 words)

	NOVELL: NetWare® 6 and multiprocessing
		Multiprocessing may be the left-out middle child of Novell® NetWare® 6's trio of performance advances.
		Multiprocessing doesn't help applications with large amounts of disk or network I/O, because that's so much slower than the processors.
		Yet applications which require plenty of processor power and are intelligently developed for multiprocessing see tremendous performance gains with NetWare 6 running on a multiprocessor server.
	www.novell.com /info/collateral/docs/4621199.03/4621199.html (3834 words)

	What is multiprocessing? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiprocessing operating systems enable several programs to run concurrently.
		UNIX is one of the most widely used multiprocessing systems, but there are many others, including OS/2 for high-end PCs.
		Multiprocessing systems are much more complicated than single-process systems because the operating system must allocate resources to competing processes in a reasonable manner.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/o/multiprocessing.htm (170 words)

	multiProcessing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiprocessing is a simple extension to Processing that makes it easy to populate a screen with many independent agents each with their own execution loop, running simultaneously.
		It is important to note that MultiProcessing is built essentially in Processing, meaning that there isn't anything you can do with MultiProcessing that you couldn't do with a sufficiently sophisticated Processing program.
		MultiProcessing also includes support for particle systems, arcball rotation, and DXF file export.
	www.architecture.yale.edu /872a/multiProcessing (1348 words)

	Multiprocessing
		Multiprocessing is managed by the operating system, which allocates different tasks to be performed by the various processors in the system.
		Applications designed for use in multiprocessing are said to be threaded, which means that they are broken into smaller routines that can be run independently.
		For quad multiprocessing (four CPUs) the Pentium Pro is still the only option, despite its being several years old, because it is the only CPU for which a chipset is available that will support quad multiprocessing.
	www.pcguide.com /ref/cpu/arch/extSMP-c.html (759 words)

	Multiprocessing Encyclopedia Article, Description, History and Biography @ LocalColorArt.Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Looking For multiprocessing - Find multiprocessing and more at Lycos Search.
		Find multiprocessing - Your relevant result is a click away!
		Look for multiprocessing - Find multiprocessing at one of the best sites the Internet has to offer!
	encyclopedia.localcolorart.com /encyclopedia/Multiprocessing (715 words)

	TechOnLine - Creating Multiprocessing Solutions: Proprietary or Proliferate?
		It's becoming obvious to many embedded system designers that multiprocessing is the next big trend in performance and power optimization.
		And whether it's a system based on symmetric multiprocessing or heterogeneous multiprocessing, it's also obvious that standards need to be put in place to make it easier for designers and to shorten time-to-market.
		Currently, EEMBC's multiprocessing benchmark working group, led by John Goodacre of ARM, is focused on developing benchmarks aimed at multicore consumer applications.
	www.techonline.com /community/tech_group/38501 (137 words)

	Multiprocessing: Funktion & Besonderheiten \| Server - Hardware \| TecChannel.de
		tecChannel.de klärt über die Eigenheiten des Multiprocessings auf.
		Bei den Spitzenmodellen ihrer CPUs lassen sich die Prozessorhersteller jedes Megahertz kräftig bezahlen.
		Die erforderlichen Chipsätze und Mainboards für Multiprocessing (MP) sind komplexer und werden nur in kleinen Stückzahlen gefertigt.
	www.tecchannel.com /hardware/693 (266 words)

	Windows 2000 Performance Guide: Chapter 5: Multiprocessing
		Multiprocessing technology lets you harness the power of multiple microprocessors running a single copy of the Windows 2000 operating system.
		The specific type of multiprocessing implemented using P6, Pentium II, III, and IV chips is generally known as shared-memory multiprocessing.
		During installation, the presence of a multiprocessor is detected and a multiprocessing version of ntoskrnl.exe, the OS kernel, is loaded.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/w2kperf/chapter/ch05.html (18870 words)

	SGI TPL (IRIX 6.5: Developer/CLanguageRef - Chapter 10. Multiprocessing Directives) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The multiprocessing compiler does not know whether an automatic parallelization tool, you the user, or a combination of the two put the directives in the code.
		The multiprocessing C/C++ compiler does not check for or warn against data dependencies or other restrictions that have been violated.
		A throw cannot cross an multiprocessing parallel region boundary; it must be caught within the multiprocessing region.
	techpubs.sgi.com /library/tpl/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?coll=0650&db=bks&srch=mp_set_numthreads&fname=/SGI_Developer/CLanguageRef/sgi_html/ch10.html (2114 words)

	CNN - Now is the time for you to look into multiprocessing - October 26, 1999
		Because of some unfortunate twists on "new math" that occur when processors are wired together to share work, users often have found that four processors working in tandem does not provide four times the computing power of a single processor.
		But it is also because earlier Intel processors and chipsets left multiprocessing up to the PC vendor's ingenuity.
		The new multiprocessing servers dramatically undercut some traditional servers in price/performance, said Shaf Mohebbi, president of V Squared Inc., a Dulles, Va., server manufacturer that provides equipment to federal resellers and integrators.
	www.cnn.com /TECH/computing/9910/26/look.multiprocessing.idg (1600 words)

	Concurrent Computer Corporation, the On-Demand and Real-Time Linux Solutions Company
		Concurrent Computer Corporation offers powerful, expandable multiprocessing systems that satisfy the demanding real-time requirements of simulation, data acquisition, industrial control, and other environments where performance is critical to success.
		Concurrent's multiprocessing systems are uniquely designed to provide high-performance multiprocessing using multiple single-board computers.
		Concurrent multiprocessing systems are the only real-time systems that support true tightly-coupled, symmetrical multiprocessor configurations using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) CPU boards with multiple processors per board.
	www.ccur.com /isd_solutions_multiprocessor.asp?o5=1 (892 words)

	UCES Methods and Analysis Chap. 1.4: Multiprocessing Computing and Heat Transfer
		These calculations illustrate speedup, and the model the heat conduction in a thin wire which is being cooled by the surrounding region.
		A multiprocessing computer is a computer with more than one "tightly" coupled CPU.
		The effective use of vector pipelines and multiprocessing computers will depend on the particular code being executed.
	www.krellinst.org /UCES/archive/classes/CNA/dir1.4/uces1.4.html (1846 words)

	TechOnLine - Multiprocessing on PCI and CompactPCI
		From the multiprocessing point of view, this transparent bridge behaves in exactly the same way as the direct connection of two PCI buses (review Direct Connection of Two PCI Buses Without a Bridge).
		PCI2 in Figure 3 illustrates how a hardware solution for asymmetrical multiprocessing in PCI and CompactPCI systems is possible by using transparent PPBs on the host board and non-transparent PPBs on intelligent I/O boards.
		Before deciding to implement a specific asymmetrical multiprocessing system, the application of such a system should be scrutinized with respect to the real-time conditions and also subsequent expandability.
	www.techonline.com /community/tech_group/embedded/feature_article/3963 (1638 words)

	Symmetrical Multiprocessing Explained
		Ever since the advent of the 486DX2 Overdrive socket, which was right next to the original 486 socket on older motherboards, people have wondered and wished that the second CPU, the newer and faster Overdrive, would actually supplement the first CPU, rather than just replacing it.
		Intel has kept up the SMP ability of all its current processors, and now that CPU prices are so low, people can easily purchase a dual-CPU motherboard and two CPUs and still not spend close to what a full computer would have cost just a couple of years ago.
		The key to multiprocessing is in the use of multiple threads--small fragments of the process that all work together to achieve the result of the process.
	hardware.earthweb.com /computers/article.php/618341 (585 words)

	Cellular Multiprocessing Architecture
		A CMP-based platform can be configured as one large symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) system or as multiple (up to eight) SMP partitions.
		The Unisys Cellular MultiProcessing (CMP) architecture is a hardware and software design that allows the Microsoft Windows NT and Windows 2000 operating environments to more readily support mission-critical solutions.
		The Cellular MultiProcessing system design includes high-performance Intel processors that can be configured as a single, high-end Symmetric MultiProcessing (SMP) system or partitioned into multiple clustered nodes.
	www.unimetrix.com /CMT.htm (782 words)

	Mainstream Multiprocessing: The AMD 760MPX
		The company seems to have taken at least one page from Intel's book in that only Athlon MP processors are certified for multiprocessing use, although there's no physical difference between the Palomino-cored Athlon XP and MP.
		The main difference is that AMD subjects Athlon MP chips to more rigorous multiprocessing tests; the lack of similar certification doesn't necessarily mean that Athlon XP or Duron CPUs won't work in a dual-processor configuration, but that it would entail more risk than the price savings would warrant.
		Although multiprocessing is not for everyone (especially everyone running Windows XP Home Edition), the key to the 760MPX is that it provides a low-cost, high-performance platform for both single- and dual-CPU machines.
	hardware.earthweb.com /chips/article.php/978161 (989 words)

	ITworld.com - LINUX TIPS AND TRICKS - Scalability and Symmetric Multiprocessing
		Multiprocessing is hardly new -- multiprocessor machines have been around for decades.
		SMP is one of the most challenging aspects in the design of a modern operating system.
		Multiprocessing: This means that the system consists of multiple identical CPUs.
	www.itworld.com /nl/lnx_tip/03302001 (577 words)

	EETimes.com - Sun Ultrasparc III box tackles 64-bit multiprocessing
		A switch controls the path of data over the system bus between the CPU and memory and can concentrate data flows into a wide stream at relatively high data rates.
		In most multiprocessing servers, CPUs vie for access to a single bank of memory guarded by an off-chip memory controller on a system bus.
		In 1995, Sun introduced the Ultrasparc II and symmetric multiprocessing systems that scaled to 64 processors.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20000929S0060 (1549 words)

	[No title]
		Unlike UNIX, which was developed without regard for multiprocessing, Mach incorporates multiprocessing support throughout.
		Its multiprocessing support is also exceedingly flexible, ranging from shared memory systems to systems with no memory shared between processors.
		Mach uses lightweight processes, in the form of multiple threads of execution within one task (or address space), to support multiprocessing and parallel computation.
	library.nocrew.org /lib/os/Mach.txt (10104 words)

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