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	Multiflora Rose - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora), is a species of rose native to eastern Asia, in China, Japan and Korea.
		Multiflora Rose is grown as an ornamental plant, and also used as a rootstock for grafted ornamental rose cultivars.
		In eastern North America, Multiflora Rose has become an invasive species, though it was originally planted as a soil conservation measure and as a wildlife attracting plant.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiflora_Rose (287 words)

	Rose - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The roses have significant value and interest for those growing roses in tropical and semi-tropical regions, since they are highly resistant to both nematode damage and the fungal diseases that plague rose culture in hot, humid areas, and capable of blooming in hot and humid weather.
		Roses are ocassionally the basis of design for rose windows, such windows comprising five or ten segments (the five petals and five sepals of a rose) or multiples thereof; however most Gothic rose windows windows are much more elaborate and were probably based originally on the wheel and other symbolism.
		Rose perfumes are made from attar of roses or rose oil, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam-distilling the crushed petals of roses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rose (2787 words)

	Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose was introduced from Japan, Korea, and eastern China in 1886 as rootstock for ornamental roses.
		Prairie rose is distinguished from multiflora rose by longer, trailing, and arching stems, larger (2-3 cm; 0.8-1.2 in) white flowers in a pyramidal inflorescence, and smaller fruit.
		Swamp rose is distinguished from multiflora rose by having a shorter overall height (2 m; 79 in) and solitary flowers.
	www.tneppc.org /Manual/Multiflora_Rose.htm (1346 words)

	Species: Rosa multiflora
		Multiflora rose is designated as a "noxious weed" in Wisconsin, Missouri, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia, a "secondary noxious weed" in Iowa, and as a "county-level noxious weed" in Kansas.
		Multiflora rose is listed by the state of Vermont as a Category II plant: "exotic plant species considered to have the potential to displace native plants either on a localized or widespread scale" [85].
		The biology and ecology of multiflora rose are not well-studied.
	www.fs.fed.us /database/feis/plants/shrub/rosmul/all.html (5079 words)

	DNR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Multiflora rose was introduced to the eastern United States from Japan in 1886 as rootstock for cultivated roses.
		Multiflora rose was introduced into Illinois in the 1950s for use as wildlife cover and food.
		Multiflora rose also spreads by layering, when the tips of canes touch the ground and form roots, and by plants that arise from shallow roots.
	dnr.state.il.us /lands/education/ExoticSpecies/Multiflorarose.htm (309 words)

	Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose can be distinguished from Illinois' native roses by the presence of a feathery or comb-like margin on the narrow stipules (a green, leaf-like structure) found at the base of each leaf stalk.
		Multiflora rose is named for the clusters of many white flowers born on this perennial bramble during May or June.
		Multiflora rose also spreads by layering, i.e., where tips of canes touch the ground and form roots, and by plants that arise from shallow roots.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /chf/outreach/VMG/mrose.html (1428 words)

	Invasive Species Initiative - Multiflora Rose
		Cattle are often reluctant to enter fields dominated by multiflora rose; its hedges cause lower crop yields on adjacent fields by competing for nutrients.
		Multiflora rose was introduced to the U.S. from Japan in 1886 as an under-stock for ornamental roses.
		Hedges of multiflora rose have also been used as a crash barrier and to reduce headlight glare in highway medians.
	www.nature.org /initiatives/invasivespecies/features/art8865.html (204 words)

	WDNR - Invasive Plant Species - Multiflora Rose(Rosa multiflora)
		By law, multiflora rose is considered a nuisance weed, and cannot be sold or propagated.
		Although abundant throughout Illinois, multiflora rose is currently only become a problem in southernmost tier of counties in Wisconsin.
		Rose rosette disease, a native virus vectored by a eriophyid mite (Phyllocoptes frutiphilus), can be fatal.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /invasives/fact/rose.htm (982 words)

	Invasive Plants of Ohio - Factsheet 8 - Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose was introduced from Japan, Korea and eastern China in the 1860s as rootstock for ornamental roses.
		Multiflora rose reproduces from seed and by rooting from the arching stems.
		Rose rosette disease, a natural pest on multiflora rose, was first found Ohio in 1987.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /dnap/invasive/8multirose.htm (450 words)

	Biological Control Agents of Multiflora Rose
		Rose rosette disease is now found in all counties of West Virginia, in serveral counties in western Maryland as far east as Frederick, and in many counties in Pennsylvania as far east as Harrisburg.
		The average infestation of nine multiflora roses within 500 m of the study site was 86.9% (range of 55.6 to 100%); we expect the chalcid infestation of the seed in the study plot to approach 90% in fall 1993.
		Rose rosette disease on multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora) in Indiana and Kentucky.
	www.wvu.edu /~agexten/ipm/weeds/multiflor.htm (1875 words)

	Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas: Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose was introduced to the eastern United States in 1866 as rootstock for ornamental roses.
		Multiflora rose grows aggressively and produces large numbers of fruits (hips) that are eaten and dispersed by a variety of birds.
		Two naturally occurring biological controls affect multiflora rose to some extent: a native fungal pathogen (rose-rosette disease) that is spread by a tiny native mite and a non-native seed-infesting wasp, the European rose chalcid.
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/pubs/midatlantic/romu.htm (420 words)

	Long-term Strategies to Control Multiflora Rose - J Doll and R Saxby
		Multiflora rose is an infrequent pasture weed problem in several southern Wisconsin counties.
		Number of multiflora rose bushes treated in 1987 to 1991 and the population present the year after the last applications for 16 control strategies.
		Costs to control multiflora rose for each year of the trial and the total cost based on the number of bushes treated for 16 control strategies.
	ipcm.wisc.edu /uw_weeds/extension/articles/multirose.htm (1927 words)

	Multiflora Rose - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States
		As of 2001, RRD was present in multiflora roses in all counties in West Virginia and was found as far east as Berks County, Pennyslvania, Queen Anne and Talbot Counties, Maryland and Manassas Battlefield, Virginia (Fig.
		The reduced populations of multiflora rose remaining after the RRD epidemic are likely to be infested by the seed chalcid at the same rate (90 to 95%) as plants in Korea and Japan.
		The biology of rose rosette disease: A mite-associated disease of
	www.invasive.org /eastern/biocontrol/22MultifloraRose.html (8905 words)

	Multiflora Rose: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The rose hip, also called the rose haw, is the pomeaceous fruit of the rose plant....
		The cherokee rose rosa laevigata is a rose native to southern china and taiwan south to laos and vietnam....
		The glaucous dog rose (rosa dumalis) is a species of rose native to europe and southwest asia....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/mu/multiflora_rose.htm (516 words)

	Multiflora Rose, Rambler Rose
		Multiflora rose is an aggressive colonizer of open unplowed land and is highly successful on forest edges.
		Associated vegetation of multiflora rose thickets is often limited to a few tree stems that have managed to overtop the rose before the thicket developed.
		Multiflora rose is a robust perennial shrub with thorny arching stems.
	www.umext.maine.edu /onlinepubs/htmpubs/2509.htm (788 words)

	Berkshire Taconic :: Conservation issues :: Invasive Plants: Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose is a thorny shrub marked by arching and drooping stems.
		Multiflora rose is prolifically spreading across fields and roadsides of the Berskshire Taconic Landscape.
		Multiflora rose is a shrub that can be identified by its arching and drooping stems.
	www.lastgreatplaces.org /berkshire/issues/art6149.html (625 words)

	Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose was introduced from eastern Asia in the 1800’s as an ornamental shrub, and was later promoted for planting as a wildlife food and ‘living fence’ for cattle in the United States.
		Today, multiflora rose occurs throughout the United States and is especially troublesome in pastures, hay fields, and fencerows in the western half of Virginia.
		While multiflora rose is similar to many other Rosa species, it can easily be distinguished by the distinctive stipules that occur at the base of the leaf petiole.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /scott/weed_id/rosmu.htm (268 words)

	Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
		Multiflora rose is an invasive weed that threatens native plant habitats.
		Multiflora rose is a large shrub with long, floppy branches.
		Multiflora rose can be identified in fall or winter by its numerous small, red rosehips.
	www.ct-botanical-society.org /galleries/rosamult.html (47 words)

	PCA Alien Plant Working Group - Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
		DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES: Multiflora rose occurs throughout the U.S., with the exception of the Rocky Mountains, the southeastern Coastal Plain and the deserts of California and Nevada.
		State conservation departments soon discovered value in multiflora rose as wildlife cover for pheasant, bobwhite quail, and cottontail rabbit and as food for songbirds and encouraged its use by distributing rooted cuttings to landowners free of charge.
		For these reasons, multiflora rose is classified as a noxious weed in several states, including Iowa, Ohio, West Virginia, and New Jersey.
	www.nps.gov /plants/alien/fact/romu1.htm (870 words)

	Invasives Plant Pests Literature Collection: Multiflora rose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The use of rose as bait tree in poplar plantation to attract and catch the adults could decrease the percentage of trees attacked by the beetle from 94.4% to 17.8%.
		We feel that florabunda rose, the predominant rose leafhopper overwintering host that is widely distributed throughout the region, is integral to infestations of apple by this species.
		From pseudocarps of R. multiflora, a new purgative compounds, multinoside A acetate, was isolated, and its ED-50 value was tested to be 150 mg/kg (77-291 mg/kg, 95% confidence limit).
	sain.nbii.gov /invasives/common50.shtml (5696 words)

	Rosa multiflora, multiflora rose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Comment: Rosa is the classical name for roses; multiflora refers to the profuse flowering clusters.
		Multiflora rose has been widely planted as an ornamental and for wildlife cover.
		Although few animals eat the fruits of multiflora rose, it is dispersed by birds.
	www.biosurvey.ou.edu /shrub/rosa-mul.htm (182 words)

	ISU News Release: New Project Addresses Multiflora Rose Infestations
		In 1985, an Iowa Multiflora Rose Technical Advisory Committee was formed under the auspices of the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to look for solutions.
		The primary concern about the use of RRD for biological control of multiflora rose is the possible effects on domesticated roses.
		In the past, rose growers generally opposed projects that involved spreading RRD in an effort to control multiflora rose.
	www.ag.iastate.edu /aginfo/news/2001releases/rose.html (703 words)

	multiflora rose: Rosa multiflora (Rosales: Rosaceae)
		Multiflora rose is a multi-stemmed thorny, perennial shrub that grows up to 15 feet tall.
		Multiflora rose is easily distinguished from other wild roses by the feathery, fringed bract located at the base of each leaf.
		Multiflora rose is native to Asia and was first introduced to America in 1866 as rootstock for ornamental roses.
	www.invasive.org /browse/subject.cfm?sub=3071 (296 words)

	Multiflora Rose, Rosa multiflora - Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual
		Rose Rosette Disease (RRD): Rose rosette disease is an endemic disease in the Mid-western states and effects several species of roses.
		RRD has spread into west and middle Tennessee and is likely to reach the eastern portion of the state in the foreseable future.
		nigroflavus [Hoffmeyer]): The rose seed chalcid was imported from Japan with multiflora rose seed in 1917.
	www.se-eppc.org /manual/multirose.html (1392 words)

	Mechanical Control of the Multiflora Rose
		Multiflora rose plants can be defoliated mechanically or using grazing animals.
		Typical multiflora rose plant that was subsequently killed after initial cutting followed by repeated defoliation.
		The most effective clearing and subsequent plant kill of multiflora rose in pastures will result from using a mixture of goats, sheep, and cattle.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~forage/5420.htm (906 words)

	Invasive Species: Plants - Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora)
		Multiflora Rose - Maine Invasive Plants Bulletin no. 2509
		Multiflora Rose - Fact Sheet: Invasive Weeds (PDF
		Multiflora Rose - Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council Invasive Plant Manual
	www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov /plants/multiflorarose.shtml (417 words)

	Multiflora Rose (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fruit are rose hips turning from green to red to brown through winter.
		Multiflora rose has a feathery or comb-like projection (stipule) at the base of leaf stems.
		Other roses have this projection, but lack the feathery or comb-like characteristic.
	www.samab.org /Focus/Invasive/MultiRose/multirose.html (191 words)

	Rose Books and other References, page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Roses and Rose Gardens, 1927, George Allen and Unwin, Ltd, London.
		From chapter one: "It is possible to love the Rose more than the Rose Garden, or the Rose Garden more than the Rose, but the true enthusiast so schools his affections that he learns to be fair to both.
		Single blooms of new roses have been sold at twelve dollars per dozen, and, tempted by these large prices, gentlemen of wealth are putting up houses for the forcing of roses extensively for sale.
	w3.goodnews.net /~kkrugh/rose/reference_rose2.htm (2466 words)

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