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Topic: Multimodal

	United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods (Geneva, 24 May 1980)
		The multimodal transport operator shall be discharged from his obligation to deliver the goods if, where a negotiable multimodal transport document has been issued in a set of more than one original, he or a person acting on his behalf has in good faith delivered the goods against surrender of one of such originals.
		If the multimodal transport operator or a person acting on his behalf fails to note on the multimodal transport document the apparent condition of the goods, he is deemed to have noted on the multimodal transport document that the goods were in apparent good condition.
		The multimodal transport operator must, in addition, pay compensation for costs incurred by the claimant for the purpose of exercising his right, provided that costs incurred in the action where the foregoing provision is invoked are to be determined in accordance with the law of the State where proceedings are instituted.
	www.jus.uio.no /lm/un.multimodal.transport.1980/doc.html (5809 words)

	Thailand Law Source, Multimodal Transport Bill
		"International multimodal transport" means the carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport on the basis of a multimodal transport contract from a place in one country at which the goods are taken in charge by the multimodal transport operator, to a place designated for delivery situated in a different country.
		The multimodal transport operator is prima facie liable for all loss resulting from loss or damage to the goods in delivery, as well as loss resulting from delay in delivery, if the occurrence which caused the loss, damage or delay took place while the goods were in his charge.
		To be discharged from liability, the multimodal transport operator must prove that he or his agent or delegate has taken all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the occurrence and its consequences.
	members.tripod.com /Asialaw/articles/multimodal.html (1043 words)

	Multimodal applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Multimodal interfaces gives you the flexibility to choose the most convenient interaction mode that suits the task and purpose; they can also exploit the resources of multiple interfaces in order for you to have an enhanced computing experience.
		Multimodal applications are set to grow in importance in the coming years, bringing benefits to businesses, developers, and end-users.
		Multimodal applications will be the key component in making anyplace, anywhere access more convenient and real, and they will allow you to choose the most suitable form of input and output no matter what the situation.
	www-106.ibm.com /developerworks/linux/library/wi-multimodal (1991 words)

	W3C Multimodal Interaction Activity (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Multimodal interaction offers significant ease of use benefits over uni-modal interaction, for instance, when hands-free operation is needed, for mobile devices with limited keypads, and for controlling other devices when a traditional desktop computer is unvailable to host the application user interface.
		Multimodal Interaction Use Cases describes several use cases that are helping us to better understand the requirements for multimodal interaction.
		Multimodal Interaction Framework that focuses on providing a general means for components to communicate with each other, plus basic infrastructure for application control and platform services.
	www.w3.org.cob-web.org:8888 /2002/mmi (2379 words)

	Multimodal interaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Multimodal interaction provides the user with multiple modes of interfacing with a system beyond the traditional keyboard and mouse input/output.
		Multimodal user interfaces are a research area in human-computer interaction.
		To develop multimodal applications, software developers may use a software development kit, such as IBM WebSphere Multimodal Toolkit, based on the open source Eclipse framework, which includes an X+V debugger, editor, and simulator.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multimodal (450 words)

	Multimodal requirements
		Multimodal browsers allow users to interact via a combination of modalities, for instance, speech recognition and synthesis, displays, keypads and pointing devices.
		Multimodal input must be able to be combined to form a composite meaning.
		Event types defined for multimodal browsing should be integrated into the DOM; as part of this effort, the Voice WG might provide requirements as input to the next level of the DOM specification.
	www.w3.org /TR/multimodal-reqs (4966 words)

	XML.com: Multimodal Interaction on the Web
		The W3C Multimodal Interaction Activity is developing specifications as a basis for a new breed of Web application with multiple modes of interaction.
		Multimodal interactions are the center of multimodal systems, systems that support communication with the user through different modes, including voice, gesture, handwriting, and typing.
		EMMA is the Extensible MultiModal Annotation markup language.
	www.xml.com /pub/a/2004/01/21/multimodal.html (1430 words)

	UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Multimodal transport contract (multimodal transport contract) means a single contract for the carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport.
		Multimodal transport operator (MTO) means any person who concludes a multimodal transport contract and assumes responsibility for the performance thereof as a carrier.
		It is particularly important that the protection in case of a multimodal transport contract is not limited only to "servants or agents", since the MTO frequently engages various sub-contractors in order to perform the contract.
	r0.unctad.org /en/subsites/multimod/mt3duic1.htm (4159 words)

	United Nations Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods
		The signature on the multimodal transport document may be in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country where the multimodal transport document is issued.
		The absence from the multimodal document of one or more of the particulars referred to in paragraph 1 of this article shall not affect the legal character of the document as a multimodal transport document provided that it nevertheless meets the requirements set out in paragraph 4 of article 1.
		If the state of the goods at the time they were handed over to the consignee has been the subject of a joint survey or inspection by the parties or their authorized representatives at the place of delivery, notice in writing need not be given of loss or damage ascertained during such survey or inspection.
	www.admiraltylawguide.com /conven/multimodal1980.html (5539 words)

	Multimodal Literacies
		Because of the complexity of multimodal projects and the different levels of skill and sensitivity each individual brings to their execution, such projects often demand high levels of collaboration and teamwork.
		The complexity of multimodal work suggests that an assessment process must be developed and refined collaboratively by students, teachers, administrators, parents, and other stakeholders over time.
		With the development of multimodal literacy tools, writers are increasingly expected to be responsible for many aspects of the writing, design, and distribution processes that were formerly apportioned to other experts.
	www.ncte.org /edpolicy/multimodal/resources/123213.htm (1472 words)

	KazanLaw Mesothelioma FAQS: Multimodal treatment of mesothelioma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		For an over view of single-mode and multimodal treatment regimens, see the abstract of "Treatment of Malignant Mesothelioma" by M.T. Jaklitsch, S.C. Grondin, and D.J. Sugarbaker and published in the World Journal of Surgery in 2001.
		Two presentations evaluating multimodal treatment of mesothelioma were part of the program of the 37th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, May 12-15, 2001 (San Francisco).
		The second study, by J.V. Juturi, et al., investigated intracavitary paclitaxel in a multimodality management of malignant pleural mesothelioma; two earlier cooperative group studies using this treatment method yielded response rates of 0% and 9%, respectively, in patients with mesothelioma.
	www.kazanlaw.com /faq/multimodal.cfm (496 words)

	User Interface Principles For Multimodal Interaction
		Such multimodal interaction is especially relevant in the context of mobile devices where traditional user interface peripherals may not be available or appropriate.
		Multimodal interaction provides the user with a multiplicity of choices and often enables a given task to be performed in a number of different ways.
		Finally, multimodal interfaces need to adapt to the user's environment to ensure that the most optimal means of completing a given task are made available to the user at any given time.
	www.almaden.ibm.com /cs/people/tvraman/chi-2003/mmi-position.html (1353 words)

	multimodal style
		This is a proposal for a multimodal styling language, as opposed to a linear combination of visual/audio/whatever styling languages.
		Establishing and standardizing multimodal attributes is necessary to enable authors to easily produce rich web documents for multimodal display, but it is not sufficient to ensure that authors regularly produce rich documents and styles suitable for multimodal presentation.
		Then, if the author specifies a physical value (with units) for a multimodal attribute, the units will enable the presentation software to determine to which mode the value applies, and the mappings can be used to calculate the appropriate values for the other modes connected with the attribute.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-style/msg00539.html (3012 words)

	[No title]
		Multimodal interaction with computers is often portrayed as somewhat magical.
		Multimodal interaction is a new and different way of interacting with computers.
		Multimodal interaction has all the complexities of the individual modes of interaction plus the issues of choosing, combining, and sequencing the input from individual modes.
	www.microsoft.com /speech/docs/Intervoice_Multimodal_Article.htm (1213 words)

	Multimodal Browser
		The multimodal browser being developed by IBM and Opera is based on the XHTML+Voice (X+V) specification.
		Multimodal technology allows the interchangeable use of multiple forms of input and output, such as voice commands, keypads, or stylus -- in the same interaction.
		The Multimodal Browser allows viewing of and interacting with multimodal applications that have been built using X+V. To download the Multimodal Browser and Toolkit, please go to IBM Pervasive Computing's multimodal technologies site.
	www.opera.com /products/verticals/multimodal (186 words)

	Task Integration in Multimodal Speech Recognition Environments
		This theory was extended with the hypothesis that the perceptual structure of an input task is key to the performance of multidimensional input devices on multidimensional tasks in a unimodal environment.
		For example, along with traditional unimodal operations like "point-and-click," there can be multimodal ones like "point-and-speak." Their intent was to use the strengths of one modality to overcome the weaknesses of the other.
		This is to allow for the comparison of multimodal, multidimensional input tasks using speech and the mouse in concert.
	www.acm.org /crossroads/xrds3-3/taskint.html (3009 words)

	[No title]
		Positive reactions mean that those with multimodal preferences choose to match or align their mode to the significant others around them.
		One interesting piece of information that people with multimodal preferences have told us is that it is necessary for them to use more than one strategy for learning and communicating.
		We are noticing some differences among those who are multimodal especially those who have chosen fewer than 20 options and those who have chosen more.
	www.vark-learn.com /english/page.asp?p=multimodal (382 words)

	Nuance - X\|mode Multimodal System
		Leveraging server-based ASR and TTS technologies, Xmode Multimodal System enables rapid development and deployment of true multimodal applications, blending visual, keypad, and speech capabilities to deliver fluid, efficient access to information systems through voice commands, touch controls, or a combination of both.
		Multimodality enables full automation, and eliminates the need for operator fallback by offering the user more appealing and easy-to-use interfaces.
		Multimodal offerings create unique branding and multimedia opportunities that allow service providers to differentiate its services and overall offering from competitors.
	www.nuance.com /xmode (404 words)

	MultiModal Applied Systems, Inc.
		The MultiModal Systems Practice of Mercer Management Consulting concluded a very successful MultiRail User Workshop and Rail Planning Conference on May 25-26, 2006, at the Chauncey Conference Center in Princeton, New Jersey.
		Amsterdam Netherlands, November 21-22, 2005 — MultiModal co-sponsored and participated in Adam Smith Institute’s inaugural conference on “The Future of Rail Freight in Europe.” The conference was held on 21-22 November at the Hotel Okura in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
		MultiModal builds MultiRail, the industry-standard system for operations and schedule planning for freight and passenger railways.
	www.multimodalinc.com (498 words)

	The Multimodal Orchestra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		A possible application scenario which can be relevant for entertainment, education, and clinical evaluation, is one in which the user is immersed in a multimodal experience but not a conventional virtual reality that he alone can perceive.
		Multimodality technology requires an instrumented environment, instrumented dresses, and instrumented tools which allow to capture natural human movements.
		In any case, we need learning because in multimodal systems there is not, in general, a simple one-to-one translation of signals and events as in the VR systems.
	hwr.nici.kun.nl /~miami/taxonomy/node106.html (247 words)

	Custom Software
		While MultiModal may be best known for our MultiRail® system for rail scheduling and service design, we also provide custom software solutions to the broader transportation and logistics industries.
		MultiModal has addressed a number of key design and implementation issues both in the development of the MultiRail® product and in other system development efforts.
		MultiModal's technical staff members have actual implementation experience with many of the desktop databases available on the market today (Access, Paradox, FoxPro, Dbase, etc.) and client-server databases (Oracle, MS SQL Server, Sybase, etc.).
	www.multimodalinc.com /otherservices/CustomSoftware.htm (1348 words)

	alphaWorks : Multimodal Tools Project for Eclipse : Overview
		Multimodal technology provides multiple methods of communication between the user and a device.
		The content of multimodal applications specifies the presentation and interactions in both visual and voice modes.
		The Multimodal Tools Project consists of a set of Eclipse plug-ins built on top of Eclipse 3.1, Web Tools Platform Project 0.7, and Voice Tools Project M1 (which are the only requirements for the plug-ins).
	www.alphaworks.ibm.com /tech/mmtp (563 words)

	Multimodal Browsing
		Multimodal refers to the mix of voice, data, and images where people can operate in several modes at once.
		What multimodal applications promise in business terms are savings in infrastructure, not to mention bringing enhanced efficiencies in handling customer calls.
		Brokerage people tell me that their customers, in asking about stock portfolios, are looking for input capabilities as speech with the response coming back to them as text.” It’s convenient for a brokerage customer to request trading positions using voice, but he doesn't want to hear the results, bur rather see them.
	www.open-mag.com /features/Vol_41/multimodal/multimodal.htm (973 words)

	Why IBM - Leadership in multimodal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		By contrast, multimodal access is the ability to combine multiple modes or channels in the same interaction or session.
		Multimodal applications using X+V offer a natural migration path from today's VoiceXML-based voice applications and XHTML-based visual applications to a single application that can serve both of these environments as well as multimodal ones (refer to Figure 1).
		When you install the Multimodal Browser, the icons for the browsers appear on your device, and you can use the icons to open the browsers and run your multimodal application.
	www-306.ibm.com /software/pervasive/multimodal (652 words)

	Ten Myths of Multimodal Interaction - Oviatt (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: this article, 10 myths about multimodal interaction are identified as currently fashionable among computationalists and are discussed from the perspective of contrary empirical evidence.
		Current information about multimodal interaction is summarized from research on multimodal human-computer interaction, and from the linguistics literature on natural multimodal communication.
		In the process of uncovering misconceptions associated with each myth, information is highlighted on multimodal...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /oviatt99ten.html (414 words)

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