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	Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy - International Labour ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multinational and national enterprises, wherever the principles of this Declaration are relevant to both, should be subject to the same expectations in respect of their conduct in general and their social practices in particular.
		Multinational enterprises should be guided by this general principle throughout their operations without prejudice to the measures envisaged in paragraph 18 or to government policies designed to correct historical patterns of discrimination and thereby to extend equality of opportunity and treatment in employment.
		Multinational enterprises should enable duly authorized representatives of the workers in their employment in each of the countries in which they operate to conduct negotiations with representatives of management who are authorized to take decisions on the matters under negotiation.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/standards/norm/sources/mne.htm (4583 words)

	Multinational corporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A multinational corporation (MNC) or multinational enterprise (MNE) or transnational corporation (TNC) is one that spans multiple nations; these corporations are often very large.
		Multinationals often make use of subcontractors to produce certain goods for them.
		The first multinational, appearing in 1602, was the Dutch East India Company.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multinational_corporation (200 words)

	Multinational Corporations: Myths and Facts
		Further, multinational corporations are perceived to be methodically eliminating domestic firms in order to exploit their monopoly powers, exporting high-wage jobs to low-wage countries, undermining the world’s environment, augmenting the external debt problems of developing countries, perpetuating world poverty, and exploiting child labor.
		Further, multinationals are not siphoning jobs from high- to low-wage countries; in fact, they tend to preserve high-wage jobs in developed countries; in 1998, 75 percent of foreign direct investment went to developed countries.
		A United Nations survey of multinational corporations revealed that the primary reason multinational corporations do not invest in certain countries is the presence of extortion and bribery; not surprisingly, the main source of the corruption is governmental officials.
	www.acton.org /publicat/randl/article.php?id=364 (1893 words)

	COMMUNITY ECONOMICS: Multinational Operations: Transfer Pricing and Taxation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The multinational, and this means the owners and directors of the multinational, are thus in effect taxing the people and in this way increasing the multinational's profits and thus their own incomes and wealth.
		Multinationals are accountable to their directors and owners for profitability and growth instead of being accountable to elected representatives of the people for acting for or against the national interest.
		Multinationals need to be made accountable to elected representatives of the people, for their policies and for acting for or against the national interest.
	www.solbaram.org /articles/clm503.html (2446 words)

	Friends of the Earth - Campaigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises are one part of the OECD's Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises, which is a broad political commitment adopted in 1976 to promote investment among OECD countries.
		Also, it is not always clear what is expected of multinational enterprises under many of the guidelines and the use of phrases such as "where practicable" or "when appropriate" significantly lessens what is expected of companies.
		Multinational enterprises are now expected to encourage all the companies that form its supply chain to follow the Guidelines.
	www.foe.org /oecdguidelines (2681 words)

	The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises
		Multinational enterprises now play an important part in the economies of Member countries and in international economic relations, which is of increasing interest to governments.
		Accordingly, multinational and domestic enterprises are subject to the same expectations in respect of their conduct wherever the Guidelines are relevant to both.
		When multinational enterprises are made subject to conflicting requirements by Member countries, the governments concerned will co-operate in good faith with a view to resolving such problems either within the Committee on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises established by the OECD Council on 21 January 1975 or through other mutually acceptable arrangements.
	www.itcilo.it /english/actrav/telearn/global/ilo/guide/oecd.htm (4712 words)

	Multinational corporations
		Multinational corporations, whether American- or foreign-owned, are supposed to pay taxes on the profits they earn in the United States.
		The problems in our taxation of multinational companies stem mainly from the complicated, often unworkable approach we use to try to determine how much of a corporation's worldwide earnings relate to its U.S. activities,and therefore are subject to U.S. tax.
		multinational corporations" may be one source of the shortfall in corporate tax payments in recent years compared to what was predicted after the 1986 corporate tax reforms.
	www.ctj.org /hid_ent/part-2/part2-3.htm (1002 words)

	AllRefer.com - multinational corporation, Business & Occupation, (Businesses And Occupations) - Encyclopedia
		multinational corporation, business enterprise with manufacturing, sales, or service subsidiaries in one or more foreign countries, also known as a transnational or international corporation.
		Typically, a multinational corporation develops new products in its native country and manufactures them abroad, often in Third World nations, thus gaining trade advantages and economies of labor and materials.
		Almost all the largest multinational firms are American, Japanese, or West European.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/multincrp.html (285 words)

	Language Perils(tm) - Current Issue - Insurance Publication, Insurance E-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The core concept of multinational pooling is simple: A multinational employer agrees, by contract with an insurance network, to insure its local benefit programs with the local insurers associated with that network, thus creating a multinational pool of premium receipts and claim payments.
		In multinational pooling, although consistently large dividends are associated intuitively with maximum cost reduction for a given amount of risk, the absence of such dividends does not necessarily mean that an employer’s risk is not managed effectively.
		Multinational pooling provides services and information that cannot be obtained locally, including global retirement plans (through cross-border transfer of pension reserves), global medical plans (through ability to provide uninterrupted coverage for internationally mobile employees), ease in obtaining coverage outside the parent’s home country, and improved reporting.
	www.insurancetranslation.com /Language_Perils/current.htm (1932 words)

	CTJ Testimony on Taxation of Multinational Corporations
		Multinational corporations, whether American- or foreign-owned, are supposed to pay U.S. income taxes on the profits they earn in the United States.
		Once a multinational company makes its opening tax bid, the IRS must attempt to determine--through adversarial proceedings--what are the flaws in the multitude of transfer prices the company has assigned to its international dealings.
		The best way for governments to resolve their claims to tax revenues from the income of multinational enterprises is through a mechanism that allocates the worldwide income of unified business enterprises by formula among the countries in which those enterprises operate.
	www.ctj.org /html/multimjm.htm (2967 words)

	Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy
		30.In their operations, multinational enterprises should ensure that relevant training is provided for all levels of their employees in the host country, as appropriate, to meet the needs of the enterprise as well as the development policies of the country.
		47.Representatives of the workers in multinational enterprises should not be hindered from meeting for consultation and exchange of views among themselves, provided that the functioning of the operations of the enterprise and the normal procedures which govern relationships with representatives of the workers and their organizations are not thereby prejudiced.
		(Endnote 19) This is particularly important whenever the multinational enterprises operate in countries which do not abide by the principles of ILO Conventions pertaining to freedom of association, to the right to organize and bargain collectively and to forced labour.
	www1.umn.edu /humanrts/links/tripartite2.html (3490 words)

	multinational enterprise
		Since multinational corporations are involved in payables and receivables denominated in different currencies, product shipments across national borders, and subsidiaries operating in different sovereignties, they face a different set of problems than corporations with a purely domestic operations.
		Since the multinational corporation is made up of subsidiaries located in different political and economic jurisdictions, transferring funds among divisions of the corporation often depends on what governments will allow.
		Multinational corporations are frequently called upon by tax authorities to justify the prices they use for internal transfers.
	personal.ashland.edu /~jgarcia/multinationalenterprise.html (13751 words)

	Multinational:
		Multinational is a diplomatic game played on a USA-map combined with some states in Canada and Mexico, but it can be played on any map you want to use.
		On the map the multinationals and their powers are shown with the first (capital) letter for the multinational (A, C, E, G, I, P or T) and the second (small) letter for the kind of power (e, p or m).
		Every capacity center (CC) is controlled by the multinational that occupies this CC at the end of the current building year or when the CC is not occupied by the multinational that occupied the CC in the most recent building year in which the CC was occupied.
	www.diplom.org /Online/variants/multinational.html (4260 words)

	Boston.com / News / World / Asia / Japan Cabinet OKs Joining Iraq Multinational Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Japan's cabinet on Friday approved a plan for troops to join a multinational force in Iraq, despite criticism from the opposition that the government had rushed the move, which they argued violated the pacifist constitution.
		The decision to have Japanese non-combat troops already deployed in Iraq participate in the multinational force is certain to be hotly debated ahead of next month's election for parliament's Upper House.
		The top government spokesman said Japanese troops would stick to their current reconstruction and humanitarian activities and would not engage in combat even after joining the multinational force, whose main aim is to keep the peace in Iraq.
	www.boston.com /news/world/asia/articles/2004/06/18/japan_cabinet_oks_joining_iraq_multinational_force?mode=PF (636 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Multinational Firms in the World Economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Depending on one's point of view, multinational enterprises are either the heroes or the villains of the globalized economy.
		Multinationals are seen by some as threats to national identities and wealth and are accused of riding roughshod over national laws and of exploiting cheap labor.
		The arguments are made using modern advances in economic analysis, a case study, and by drawing on the extensive empirical literature that assesses the determinants and consequences of activity by multinationals.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0691119201?v=glance (759 words)

	Center for the Study of Sexual Minorities in the Military \| UCSB (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As multinational military operations have become more common, it has become possible to ask whether and how U.S. personnel might be affected by the presence of acknowledged homosexual service members from other countries.
		An examination of multinational military units may be the most direct option for assessing the plausibility of the unit cohesion rationale.
		The question of womenís roles in multinational units is an imperfect corollary to the question of homosexual personnel in similar situations, but it does provide a useful analogy that has received slightly more attention in both organizational and academic publications.
	www.gaymilitary.ucsb.edu /Publications/2004_02_BatemanSameera.htm (11228 words)

	About USJFCOM: Multinational Frequently Asked Questions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multinational operations are conducted by forces of two or more nations, typically organized within a coalition or alliance.
		Each multinational operation is unique, and key considerations involved in the planning and conducting vary with the international situation, perspectives, motives, and values of the organization's members.
		During multinational operations, respect, rapport, knowledge of partners, and patience must be practiced to perpetuate unity of effort.
	www.jfcom.mil /about/multi_faqs.htm (336 words)

	MM -- January/February 1992
		Operating in countries with few or poorly enforced restrictions on tobacco promotions, the tobacco multinationals are able to employ methods that would not be permitted in their home countries.
		The challenge for health activists is to devise ways to counter the influence of the tobacco multinationals, which command resources far in excess of a developing country’s health ministry or of a non-governmental health advocacy group.
		The multinationals are experiencing little difficulty introducing advertising into the region, since many of the numerous restrictions formerly placed on tobacco advertisements in East European countries have been repealed or are poorly enforced.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/mm0192.html (19344 words)

	multinational corporation -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "multinational corporation" when you join.
		In order to attract foreign investment, the economy was liberalized, and a series of incentives were provided to multinational corporations; chief among these was the establishment of free trade zones.
		Overview of this multinational corporation engaged in fastening and demolition systems in the construction industry.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9054240?tocId=9054240 (618 words)

	Multinational Corporations
		In 1995, trade associated with US multinational corporations – trade involving United States parents, their foreign affiliates, or both accounted for 62% of all US exports of goods and for 39% of all US imports of goods.
		Of the $213 billion in trade with other parties, 88% were exports shipped by US multinationals to foreigners other than their foreign affiliates, and 12% were exports shipped to foreign affiliates by entities in the US other than their parent organizations.
		Of the $163 billion in trade with other parties, 83% were imports shipped to US multinationals by foreigners other than their foreign affiliates, and 17% were imports shipped by foreign affiliates to entities in the US other than their parent organizations.
	www.itcilo.it /actrav/actrav-english/telearn/global/ilo/multinat/multinat.htm (2860 words)

	Multinational Monitor reviews Rules for Corporate Warriors
		Although most of what he discusses are public relations campaigns rather than actual corporate campaigns, this book helpfully explains the tactics corporations use to respond when targeted by a corporate campaign.
		Multinational Monitor is a magazine project of Essential Information, Inc., a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization founded by Ralph Nader in 1983 and now run by Beltway denizen Russell Mokhiber (editor of Corporate Crime Reporter) with a $1,266,966 budget (1999) funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, Turner Foundation, Packard Foundation and two dozen other usual suspects.
		Ironically, Multinational Monitor's parent corporation got a $35,000 grant directly from the Nathan Cummings Foundation, and Nathan Cummings was the founder of - you guessed it - Sara Lee.
	www.cdfe.org /monitor.htm (1132 words)

	SECURITY COUNCIL ENDORSES FORMATION OF SOVEREIGN INTERIM GOVERNMENT IN IRAQ; WELCOMES END OF OCCUPATION BY 30 JUNE, ...
		The Council also decided that the mandate for the multinational force should be reviewed at the request of the Iraqi Government or 12 months from the date of today’s resolution, and that the mandate should expire upon completion of the political process. It would terminate the mandate earlier if requested by the Government of Iraq.
		Regarding implementation of the mandate of the multinational force, in particular the conditions of engagement in the event of sensitive offensive operations, he said, however, that the resolution did not spell out what would happen in the event of disagreement between the interim government and the force.
		The resolution had also recognized the need for the continued presence of the multinational force in partnership with the Iraqi parties and in full respect for their sovereignty, as well as for the presence of the United Nations in the political process including beyond the elections, he said.
	www.un.org /News/Press/docs/2004/sc8117.doc.htm (5583 words)

	DefenseLINK News: Common Commitment Unifies Multinational Division Troops
		Meciar called participation in the multinational division "very important to Slovakia," which is contributing an engineering company with de-mining capabilities.
		One of 1,800 Ukrainian soldiers in the multinational division, Shmilyk serves in the tactical operations center.
		Capt. Sukhbaatar Togtmol, a doctor in the Mongolian army, said he volunteered to serve in the Multinational Division because he wanted to be sure his nation was represented in the coalition.
	www.defenselink.mil /news/Oct2003/n10292003_200310294.html (610 words)

	NATO Press Release: Launch of NATO Multinational CBRN Defence Battalion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The event will be marked by Defence Ministers at NATO during their ministerial meeting in Brussels on December 1, and then two days later, on Wednesday, December 3, there will be a formal launch ceremony in the Czech Republic, where the new unit is based.
		This multinational Battalion has been established by the direction of the North Atlantic Council and represents another advance in capabilities resulting from the Prague Capabilities Commitments agreed by NATO heads of state and government at the Prague summit in 2002.
		Beginning 1 Dec 2003, the multinational CBRN Defence Battalion will be headquartered in Liberec, in the northern part of the Czech Republic.
	www.nato.int /docu/pr/2003/p031126e.htm (603 words)

	Greenwood Publishing Group I1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As multinational firms struggle to compete in a global economy, their operating and accounting decisions are being made in an environment that's characterized by fluctuating exchange rates, innovative and flexible organizational structures, and a dynamic and diverse control strategy.
		This book explores the major issues that accountants in multinational corporations, and their outside consulting firms, must deal with if they are to understand how the corporation is performing financially, and if they are to effectively advise top management.
		This work will be an essential resource for accounting professionals working in multinational organizations and the international business environment, as well as for students in accounting and international business courses.
	info.greenwood.com /books/0899305/0899305296.html (300 words)

	Equity-Based Compensation for Multinational Corporations (stock options, etc.)
		There are some countries, such as Brazil and China, where exchange control requirements are particularly onerous such that utilizing a cashless exercise approach is usually the only practical way of addressing the regulatory hurdles for a stock option plan.
		For this reason, U.S. multinationals typically do not offer their ESPPs in Brazil unless they have a sufficiently large employee population to justify the additional cost of compliance.
		There are even a few jurisdictions where exchange control laws effectively prohibit an ESPP from being offered because it is not possible to obtain necessary approvals, such as in China, where local currency cannot be converted into U.S. currency or taken out of the country for the purpose of purchasing shares.
	www.nceo.org /pubs/multinational.html (1418 words)

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