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Topic: Multiple Drafts Model

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	Multiple Drafts Model - Psychology Wiki - A Wikia wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Daniel Dennett's Multiple Drafts Model of Consciousness is a physicalist theory of consciousness based upon cognitivism, which views the mind in terms of information processing.
		The conscious self is taken to exist as an abstraction visible at the level of the intentional stance, akin to a body of mass having a 'center of gravity'.
		The key to the Multiple Drafts Model is that, after removing qualia, explaining consciousness boils down to explaining the behavior we recognize as conscious.
	psychology.wikia.com /wiki/Multiple_Drafts_Model (2356 words)

	Daniel Dennett
		For the model requires that there must be a content that reaches consciousness first: either walking woman or walking woman with glasses.
		The alternative Dennett offers is the Multiple Drafts model, according to which all varieties of mental activity are accomplished in the brain by parallel, multitrack processes of interpretation and elaboration of sensorial data.
		The Multiple Drafts model unveils the mistake of supposing that there is a "final" narrative ou "published draft", which would correspond to the actual stream of consciousness within the subject.
	www.vusst.hr /ENCYCLOPAEDIA/Daniel-English.htm (2726 words)

	Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Hence the “multiple” of the Multiple Drafts Model.
		The MDM treats the self as an emergent or virtual aspect of the coherent roughly serially narrative that is constructed through the interactive play of contents in the system.
		Thus it is possible for multiple distinct neural theories to all be true, with each contributing some partial understanding of the links between conscious mentality in its diverse forms and the active brain at its many levels of complex organization and structure.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/consciousness (17115 words)

	METAPHORS OF MENTAL MULTIPLICITY
		Is the notion of a model distinguishable from the notion of metaphor?
		The main thrust of Dennett’s "multiple drafts model" of consciousness is a negative one.
		On the analogy of "multiple drafts" of a paper which might all be circulating at once, Dennett suggests that the order of events as told by a particular "narrative" of consciousness need not be tied to the objective order of events.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~sousa/METAPHOR.html (6364 words)

	Dennett-Rosenthal Paper
		This caused some confusion, because although the MDM is discussed briefly in Time and the Observer, the primary subject matter of that article was a piece of conceptual analysis (i.e.
		Dennett and Kinsbourne claim that this lapsing is a consequence of one of the fundamental principles of the Multiple Drafts model i.e.
		Dennett's current vision of the multiple drafts model includes "first person operationalism" which "denies the possibility in principle of consciousness of a stimulus in the absence of the subject's belief in that consciousness" This requires that awareness and mental phenomena be conflated to eliminate the possibility of "real seemings".
	users.california.com /~mcmf/ampc.html (7371 words)

	human performance models
		The Operator Model Architecture (OMAR) provides a simulation environment in which to model human operators, the workplaces at which they operate and the entities of the larger world that are reflected in their workplaces.
		Signals are the representation of external events that trigger the model’s human receptors (eyes and ears in the current implementation) and they are the basis for the subsequent internal cascade of events produced in developing the coordinated multiple level response to those external events.
		The first is to further explore the link between process and memory, and in particular, to model the impact of references to a memory instance from multiple procedures and model the persistence of a memory item as a residual of procedure execution.
	www.sover.net /~nichael/misc/omar/COGSCI.html (4155 words)

	Robert Van Gulick
		Hill thus contrasts the “inner eye” model of introspection with alternatives that he refers to as “volume control” and “activation” to emphasize the respects in which the intensity, character, or even the existence of a sensation (or other lower-order state) can be affected by the occurrence of a higher-order awareness directed at it.
		On the HOGS model, the transition from nonconscious to conscious states is not produced by introspection, at least not in so far as introspection is thought of as a form of inner perception as it seems to be on the HOP model.
		The model of introspection as a kind of “inner vision”does not fit all that well with the sorts of processes that are involved in recruiting a state into the dominant pattern of global activity.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/philo/courses/gradmind01/Papers/vanGulick.html (13232 words)

	abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The tenses production model extends Fodor's (1983) modular theory of the mind by incorporating new insights from cognitive psychology, notably studies on the minds of young children (Greenfield 1991, Vygotsky 1962, Piaget 1967), autism (TSimpil 1995), the multiple drafts model (Dennett 1991) and cognitive archaeology (Mithen 1999).
		Put in another way, there are multiple drafts for each event in the mind, and the speaker elects for one or the other.
		Our model differs substantially from default approaches that postulate that verbal tenses have a basic meaning that is enriched subsequently by a context in interpretation.
	www.ohiou.edu /alta/kange.htm (571 words)

	Brain, Chaos, Quantum Mechanics
		This is consistent with one of the most popular modern conceptions of the mind as an internal model of reality constructed by the brain, a view consistent with a variety of lines of evidence spanning normal cognition, the nature of optical illusions, dreaming and many pathological states of the brain.
		A final model (King 1989), which also combines quantum theory and relativity, develops a supercausal hidden-variable theory which is consistent with conventional quantum mechanics, but allows for correlations between quantum events over both space and time, replacing the stochasticity of the quantum model with a transcausal description, which is non-local in space-time.
		Modelling reduction of the wave packet now depends on the mutual interaction of all contingent emitters and absorbers as in (e), on the basis that a photon can only be created linking the two events and cannot simply disappear into space, following Feynman's absorber theory (Davies 1974).
	www.uncletaz.com /library/scimath/brainchaos.html (14348 words)

	Dennett’s Theories of Memory Illusions
		This means that multiple drafts of a given paper might be in circulation at any one time, up until the final publication of the paper in a journal.
		As at theory of consciousness, Multiple Drafts claims that lots of versions of “experience” might be circulating around your brain at any one time.
		This draft forms memory – at least for a while, until new information is incorporated with it, and constructive memory processes change it again.
	www.uhh.hawaii.edu /~ronald/310/310-Dennett-MultiDrafts.htm (464 words)

	consciousness Document
		He presents the Multiple Drafts model of consciousness, which reformulates the concept of a 'stream of consciousness.' This provides a basis for consideration of concepts central to cognitive neuroscience and phenomena associated with hypnosis, e.g.
		In the Multiple Drafts theory, the Observer is replaced by 'coalitions of specialists' that are distributed around in the brain, distributed in both time and space.
		This model for understanding altered states of consciousness and dissociation is based on the hypothesis that normal consciousness depends on an illusion of mental unity generated by dynamic brain processes.
	www.hypnosiseire.com /research/all.php?topic=consciousness (11662 words)

	Notes for "Reconceiving Philosophy"
		In other words, given some set A of axioms, a model for A is a "universe" in which the axioms of A are true --a sort of "realisation" or "implementation" of the ideas embodied in A.
		The job of a model is not to be perfect, but rather, to be as good as is possible.
		In the same way, while Dennet's Multiple Drafts may be necessary to account for "microduration" events in consciousness, in the long-term, a Cartesian Theatre approximation may be sufficently accurate for our purposes.
	xaravve.trentu.ca /vato/Philosophy/notes.html (2324 words)

	The Loom: Free Will Starts...Now (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Some of these models may be completely unconscious--they may offer quick checks between what we expect to feel when we do something and what we really feel.
		The effect of this is that it is unavoidably arbitrary to set the threshold of emergent consciousness anywhere between oneself at one extreme, and, at the other, the sperm and egg of one?s conception, the earliest replicators, or the simplest phage.
		Moreover, Dennett's "multiple-drafts" model asserts that there is no definite time or place at which an event in the brain becomes conscious between unconscious-ness and consciousness, within an individual, there is another continuum, and it is thus equally arbitrary to set any kind of threshold of consciousness in one?s own brain.
	www.corante.com /loom/archives/000784.html (1744 words)

	MIND Exchange (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The multiple drafts model is described as an EMERGENT model and that is the model presented in Consciousness Explained.
		For the Multiple Drafts model, it would probably be better to say that the brain creates multiple experiences specific to multiple interpretations, even if only a subset (a few) of them "emerge" as "winners" later on.
		In the context of the Multiple Drafts model, it simply means that one of these drafts "emerges" as the "winner" by being selected in a technical process of evaluation, where the brain selects an interpretation of preceived data (and in retrospect creates experiences specific to the selected interpretation).
	www.kurzweilai.net /mindx/show_thread.php?rootID=52323 (9697 words)

	Multiple Drafts...
		Glicksohn assumes that later drafts are "more advanced," but this flirts with the pervasive mythology of the trip to the summit of consciousness, "advancing" all the way.
		Then drafts compete in Pandemonium-like rivalry (Dennett 1991) and the rivalry is resolved in favor of one over the rest (the one that "makes most ecological sense")--but not for good.
		We suggest, for instance, that if a transformation from draft to draft is slowed down by pathology, then before it is revised the earlier draft might persist long enough to enter into the patterned activity that underlies current experience (Kinsbourne 1988).
	ase.tufts.edu /cogstud/papers/multdrft.htm (826 words)

	Philosophy, et cetera: Multiple Drafts
		Our brains construct (and continually edit) multiple 'narrative streams', and there is no objective fact of the matter as to which of these is the 'canonical text' of our conscious experience.
		An intuitive example of this multiplicity is provided by (apparent) "unconscious perception and intelligent action." You've probably been lost in thought or conversation whilst driving, and discovered that you have no memory of your past few minutes' car-driving activities.
		Further, it follows from the multiple drafts model that there really are no facts of consciousness independent of particular probes.
	pixnaps.blogspot.com /2004/12/multiple-drafts.html (2429 words)

	Time and the Observer \| UberKuh
		Two models of consciousness are contrasted with regard to their treatment of subjective timing.
		The standard Cartesian Theater model postulates a place in the brain where "it all comes together": where the discriminations in all modalities are somehow put into registration and "presented" for subjective judgment.
		The Multiple Drafts model provides a better account of the puzzling phenomena, avoiding the scientific and metaphysical extravagances of the Cartesian Theater.
	uberkuh.com /node/200 (120 words)

	Multiple Drafts Account (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Daniel Dennett has put forward the Multiple Drafts theory of consciousness which begins with a criticism of an assumption, namely, that there is one place in the brain responsible for producing conscious experience.
		the Multiple Drafts model avoids the mistake of supposing that there must be a single narrative (the 'final' or 'publishable' draft, you might say) that is canonical..."
		Notice that event 5 in objective time is experienced after event 7 since subjective time does not flow in a straight line.
	www.philosophy.uncc.edu /faculty/Phi_Multi_Draftt.html (227 words)

	"Popping the Thought Balloon"
		The doctrine of registration assumes several components and specific relations among them: a model, a medium from which the model is formed, a separate world to be modeled, and a mapping relationship between them, which somehow makes sense of both veridical and false modeling.
		This stream of contents is only rather like a narrative because of its multiplicity; at any point in time there are multiple "drafts" of narrative fragments at various stages of editing in various places in the brain.
		One must keep one's gaze steadily on the one world, and resist the multiplication of worlds with the same zeal that one resists the multiplication of entities.
	www.trincoll.edu /~dlloyd/popping.htm (9445 words)

	The Writing Lab - Eastern Oregon University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This essay is the result of multiple drafts.The first drafts were very short and full of sentence-level errors.
		This student's first draft in her first term of WR 115 was barely a paragraph which contained multiple sentence-level errors, especially spelling and sentence boundary errors.
		This final essay is the result of multiple drafts, and the student worked closely with a tutor to learn how to develop her ideas.
	www3.eou.edu /writelab/220writersautomodels.html (730 words)

	Fractal Neurodyamics and Quantum Chaos/1
		Abstract: A model of the mind-brain relationship is developed in which novel biophysical principles in brain function generate a dynamic possessing attributes consistent with consciousness and free-will.
		The formal unpredictability of the model allows mind to interact upon the brain, the predictivity of consciousness in survival strategies being selected as a trait by organismic evolution.
		Chay-Rinzel model (1985), (b) output is comparable with experimental recordings, (c) period doubling bifurcation in model.
	www.dhushara.com /book/paps/consc/brcons1.htm (8684 words)

	Strangers' Gallery 1: View from the Strangers' Gallery - an oratorio for 8 pop singers, one high soprano, and full ...
		By flexibly varying the depth of polyphonic structures in the piece, I illustrate simultaneity in the brain and the ebb and flow of activation and attention.
		I musically illustrate Dennett's "Cerebral Celebrity" amplification of his Multiple Drafts Model of consciousness by altering which voices will win out in fugal competition and will leave an effect on the musical development of the rest of the piece.
		Dennett's amplification of the Multiple Drafts Model of consciousness, and Humphrey's idea of "self-binding" as traced to child development.
	www.brianfelsen.com /music.htm (765 words)

	Psycoloquy 4(59): Dennett and Dissociations of Consciousness
		In this commentary, I argue that the multiple drafts theory is not well off with regard to explaining ANY kinds of dissociations of awareness, including the split-brain.
		According to Dennett, there is no deeper fact to be found to establish which one of these mutually contradictory drafts is the description of the real content of subjects' consciousness (or the real content of their beliefs).
		Consequently, the multiple drafts theory cannot help us to differentiate real cases of conscious information processing from apparent ones, because it does not admit such a distinction.
	www.cogsci.ecs.soton.ac.uk /cgi/psyc/newpsy?4.59 (1459 words)

	Escape from the Cartesian Theater
		Libet makes it clear at the outset that his primary motive for preferring a Stalinesque model is that it seems to him to explain "the actual experience of a single narrative"--something our view, in his opinion, cannot handle.
		We ventured no details on how to model these processes, but Gregson provides an elegant account of hypothesized dynamics of neural systems that predicts the existence in principle of temporal anomalies of consciousness, and his analysis may contribute to an explanation of how the multiple draft machinery works.
		Their figure 1a shows Orwellian editing to be pre-conscious, and figure 1b apparently models view C, not the multiple drafts view (the same misreading found in Lloyd).
	www.2think.org /escape.shtml (6882 words)

	Stephen Mitchell: The Analyst's Knowledge and Authority
		I do not regard my model as empirically derived and objective, although it has certainly been influenced by empirical data and would likely be changed in response to disconfirming empirical data and any growing consensus of clinicians regarding some other viewpoint.
		I regard my model as one among many possible and valid ways of viewing psychopathology, one that reflects both the interpretive community that I was drawn to and trained in, and also my own distinctly subjective experience.
		Thus, my approach to the problem of the analyst's authority and knowledge is different from the traditional one, because it presupposes a different phenomenon (a different kind of mind, ambiguous and amenable to multiple interpretations rather than prefigured and distinct) about which the analyst hopes to have authoritative knowledge.
	www.dspp.com /papers/mitchell4.htm (8835 words)

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