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Topic: Multiple citizenship

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	"Pledging Multiple Allegiances" - article on dual-citizenship
		Multiple nationalities have become so commonplace that some analysts fear the trend is undermining the notion of nationhood, particularly in the place with the most diverse citizenry on Earth: the United States.
		They say the trend toward multiple nationality is just a sign that the world is shrinking, that accessible transportation and easy communication as well as regional trade agreements and the globalization of the marketplace have created a new world of porous borders, a place where issues and agendas are more regional than national.
		The surge in dual citizenship comes at a time when the number of Americans born outside the country has risen to nearly 10%, double what it was three decades ago.
	www.globalpolicy.org /nations/sovereign/citizen/1998/multiple.htm (3264 words)

	LAW ON CITIZENSHIP OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Citizenship of the Republic of Moldova shall be proven with the identity card, passport, certificate of birth in case of a child or a certificate issued by competent authorities of the Republic of Moldova.
		Decrees on citizenship of the Republic of Moldova, issued by the President of the Republic of Moldova, may be appealed in the Court of Appeal within six months from the day of entry into force of the decree.
		Refusal to receive applications for citizenship of the Republic of Moldova, breach of the timeframe, violation of procedure for the processing of applications and execution of decisions on such issues, refusal to grant citizenship, other actions undertaken by civil servants may be appealed in courts under the Law.
	www.unhcr.md /article/citizenship.htm (3975 words)

	Multiple citizenship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Multiple citizenship, or multiple nationality, is a status in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen under the laws of more than one state.
		Dual citizenship (being a citizen of two nations), or dual nationality, is by far the most common type of multiple citizenship, as nothing in international law prevents anyone from establishing citizenship in two countries.
		The number of multiple citizens is going to increase rapidly as people become ever more mobile, living, marrying and having children in multiple countries over the course of their lives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_citizenship (1606 words)

	Dual Citizenship FAQ
		If you are in a dual citizenship situation, or are contemplating such a move, you should consider discussing your plans with an attorney who is knowledgeable in this particular aspect of immigration law, and/or with consular officials of the countries involved.
		Automatic citizenship via marriage is rare nowadays; more commonly, marriage may allow one spouse a "fast track" to immigration to the other spouse's country, but a period of non-citizen permanent residence would still be required before the immigrant spouse could obtain a new citizenship via naturalization.
		Citizenship claims by a country over a given individual could happen even if the person in question never sought recognition as a citizen of that country -- or even if the person was totally unaware that he/she was a citizen of that country according to its laws.
	www.richw.org /dualcit (1296 words)

	Dual Citizenship in Canada
		Since February 15, 1977, a Canadian citizen may retain Canadian citizenship, unless he or she voluntarily applies to renounce it and the application is approved by a citizenship judge.
		Citizenship is a complex matter because of the great variety of citizenship laws throughout the world.
		Dual citizenship may carry with it certain benefits, but it may bring unexpected difficulties — legal proceedings, taxation and financial responsibilities, military service, denial of emigration, even imprisonment for failure to comply with obligations in one of your countries of citizenship.
	www.v-soul.com /vsoul/dual.html (1556 words)

	Feldblum
		Frequently, the burgeoning literature on the substantive dimensions of citizenship is embedded in questions about the extent to which contemporary immigrants pose a challenge to state citizenship and existing understandings of citizenship or about the relation between new or newly visible kinds of diversity and existing national memberships.
		For the most part, despite their differences, both the liberal and communitarian views of modern citizenship have presumed that membership is situated in the nation-state, that citizenries are defined by these national boundaries, and that the consequentiality of substantive citizenship is derived from formal state citizenship.
		The reinvigoration of state citizenship and state nationality reforms that aim to reassert the primacy and importance of national parameters and to revalue a bounded citizenry are indicative of neo-nationalist outcomes.
	www.stanford.edu /group/SHR/5-2/ferldblum.html (7408 words)

	CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION - 2. Dynamics of inclusion in liberal citizenship
		Rights-based liberalism disconnects citizenship to some extent from territory and formal legal status and thereby sets into motion a dynamic of inclusion of non-citizens which implies a yet largely unrecognized reshaping of the boundaries of democratic polities.
		Multiple loyalty towards several states is not only conceptually possible but can become a natural expression of the multiple social and political involvements which shape many migrants' biographies.
		Human rights beyond citizenship and residence also strengthen the positions of close relatives of resident aliens who live abroad and have a right to reunification with their family in the host country.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/97/97-04--2.html (2466 words)

	Welcome to the Financial Gazette Online! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is because in the first instance, due to absence of citizenship he would have lacked capacity to vote and to enjoy all the other rights and privileges that flow from citizenship.
		The reason why the law outlaws dual and multiple citizenship is to avoid a conflict of interest in citizens.
		The intention of this law was to coerce migrant workers from the SADC region and their descendants elect for local citizenship or that of the country they emanated from.
	www.fingaz.co.zw /fingaz/2004/June/June3/5623.shtml (1027 words)

	[No title]
		Scholars interested in citizenship as legal status have not abandoned the field, but rather have turned their attention to critically analyzing changes in legal citizenship regimes in response to the contemporary patterns of global migration.
		Citizenship literature has posed many questions, and consequently, academic debates regarding the transformation in the concept of citizenship, the motivation for these changes, how they are reflected in terms of institutions and practices within the nation-states and at the international level, and how they require us to rethink familiar concepts.
		At the risk of oversimplifying, those who deploy citizenship usually do so in one of two ways: Either citizenship is a status (usually legal) that is the pre-requisite to acquiring certain rights, entitlements or ‘membership’, or else citizenship is a metaphor denoting the enjoyment of those rights, entitlements or membership.
	www.tau.ac.il /law/cegla/WhyCitizenship-updFebruary2006.doc (520 words)

	CITIZENSHIP in the
		There are complex formulas to determine the derivative citizenship of a child when there is one parent who is a citizen and the other parent is an alien, or a lawful permanent resident.
		It is generally filed by parents whose children either acquired citizenship under the CCA or derived citizenship by satisfying the statutory requirements.
		In some cases, a country will automatically revoke the citizenship of one of its citizens who acquires another country's citizenship by naturalization (Germany) even if no explicit renunciation was involved, although that too has changed recently whereby a German may request a waiver of the automatic revocation.
	www.kterry.com /main/Citizenshiphome.htm (2568 words)

	Tervetuloa!
		In the legislation, acquiring multiple citizenship upon declaration was made possible on these grounds in a 1 September 1984 amendment to the Nationality Act for children born on August 1966 or after that.
		The Finnish citizenship is acquired automatically by a child who is born to a Finnish mother or to a Finnish father (by declaration if the child is born outside matrimony or paternity has not been established) or by a child who is born in Finland and does not acquire the citizenship of another state.
		Finnish citizen with multiple citizenship has to prove sufficient connection with Finland after the age of 22 if he/she is to retain the Finnish citizenship.
	www.joensuu.fi /dce/background_citizenshippolicies_FI.htm (846 words)

	CIC Canada \| Dual Citizenship (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since February 15, 1977, a Canadian citizen who acquires another nationality may retain Canadian citizenship, unless he or she voluntarily applies to renounce it and the application is approved by a citizenship judge.
		For example, a person who was born in a country other than Canada, who applies for citizenship and is naturalized in Canada, and then naturalized in a third country may be a citizen of all three countries.
		Dual citizenship may carry with it certain benefits, but it may also bring unexpected difficulties: legal proceedings, taxation and financial responsibilities, military service, denial of emigration, even imprisonment for failure to comply with obligations in one of your countries of citizenship.
	www.cic.gc.ca /english/citizen/dualci_e.html (1714 words)

	Second Citizenship, Second Citizenship
		Dual citizenship, the most common form of multiple citizenship, occurs whenever any individual is simultaneously citizen of two countries.
		Second citizenship is like a global insurance policy that entails any individual to make use of the dissimilar parts of two countries for a better set of options.
		To conclude, second citizenship is surely an insurance against future misfortunes, however, each country has a different set of rules for second citizenship.
	www.geraldassociates.com /articles/second-citizenship.html (463 words)

	Citizens VII
		Specifically, all states should allow for the acquisition of citizenship to all citizens who resided in their territories at the moment of the state¹s creation, notwithstanding their previous citizenship.
		Another solution is to provide for a simple renunciation procedure where the individual demonstrates that s/he has another citizenship, and declares s/he was forced to remain in Bosnia because of the restrictions on movement caused by the war.
		Should dual citizenship be accepted as an option, issues such as conscription to military service of persons who hold dual citizenship would have to be addressed.
	www.osi.hu /fmp/html/citizens_vii.html (231 words)

	CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION - 3. The architecture of European Union citizenship
		While a prohibition of multiple citizenship is easier to enforce between like-minded states within the Union, none of the objections mentioned in ß1(3) retains any weight.
		Union citizenship would be seriously devalued in the eyes of citizens of the member states by reducing it to a generalized denizenship, disconnected from the notion of consensual membership in a political community.
		However, it is quite likely that such a second avenue for European citizenship would still considerably reduce both the pressure for member states to reform their national citizenship laws as well as the incentives for immigrants to opt for naturalization within their host countries.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/97/97-04--3.html (2417 words)

	Ministry for Justice and Home Affairs - Citizenship
		Prior to this date dual citizenship could only be held by Maltese emigrants who (i) were born in Malta (ii) had acquired the citizenship of their adoptive country and (iii) were in line with a number of rigid residential conditions.
		NB It is important in all those cases where a foreign national has to apply to acquire Maltese citizenship (that is, where citizenship is being acquired by a voluntary act) that the person concerned verifies whether, under his country's citizenship legislation, he might lose the citizenship of that country by committing such a voluntary act.
		In line with the evolution of the citizenship laws in other countries, Malta introduced the transmission of Maltese citizenship by the mother as from 1st August 1989 and since then all those children who were born abroad to a mother who was a citizen of Malta, acquired automatically Maltese citizenship.
	www.mjha.gov.mt /departments/citizen/dual_citizens.html (3685 words)

	International Organization for Migration - Migration & Citizenship (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Citizenship is a concept that implies protection against its arbitrary withdrawal.
		In dealing with citizenship issues, a balance needs to be achieved between the legitimate interests of individuals based on their human rights and the discretion of sovereign States.
		Acquisition of citizenship by birthplace, sometimes in connection with additional conditions; for example, at least one parent having the right to permanent residence, or the birth of one parent in the territory of the host State
	www.iom.int /jahia/page283.html (509 words)

	Migration Information Source - Citizenship in a Globalized World
		Attribution and acquisition of citizenship are structured on two principles: jus soli (the conferral of citizenship to persons born in the state's territory, or soil) and jus sanguinis (the conferral of citizenship to persons with a citizen parent or parents, or blood).
		However, many observers agree that citizenship laws and naturalization policies in Europe have become more inclusive, meaning that access to citizenship has been opened to long-term residents and their children who were previously excluded from citizenship.
		The increase in mobility, the ability of children to acquire the citizenship of not only their father but their mother, the development of new norms and human rights standards, and changing policies have contributed to the growth of dual and sometimes multiple citizenship.
	www.migrationinformation.org /Feature/display.cfm?id=369 (2750 words)

	Women Faculty Forum
		Most discussions of citizenship’s subjects tend not to acknowledge distinctions in the meanings of citizenship; the usual approach is to treat citizenship as an undifferentiated whole.
		Multiple groups have been excluded from universalism’s accepted domain; further, even where citizenship has been made available to widening groups of people, the citizenship they enjoy or display in substantive terms is often strikingly narrow.
		Multiple citizenships layered or overlapping in multiple governments may be in the process of becoming more of a norm; note the possibilities for trilateral citizenship in federal nations, like Germany, that are also members of the European Union.
	www.yale.edu /wff/cbg/CBGProgram.html (3065 words)

	Dual Citizenship with the United States by Peng & Weber
		Since each country defines the method for acquiring citizenship, it is possible for someone to be considered a citizen under the laws of two or more countries at the same time.
		For example, someone with dual citizenship may have greater flexibility in his or her choice of where to live and work.
		If you have dual citizenship, or may be able to claim such a status, you should investigate the pros and cons carefully.
	www.greencardlawyers.com /citizenship/dualcitizenship.html (609 words)

	Chronicle Journal - Stories -
		The briefing paper, Multiple Citizenship - An Overview, was among records disclosed to The Canadian Press under the Access to Information Act by the Citizenship and Immigration Department.
		"Multiple citizenship as a recognized international practice is likely to continue," says the paper.
		John Kirton, a University of Toronto political scientist, said multiple citizenship is consistent with the Canadian traditions of openness, multiculturalism and generally embracing the world.
	www.chroniclejournal.com /CP_stories.php?id=57330 (562 words)

	Law on Citizenship (2000) - Legislationline - free online legislation database
		Citizenship of theRepublicofMoldovashall be proven with the identity card, passport, certificate of birth in case of a child or a certificate issued by competent authorities of theRepublicofMoldova.
		Decrees on citizenship of theRepublicofMoldova, issued by the President of theRepublicofMoldova, may be appealed in the Court of Appeal within six months from the day of entry into force of the decree.
		Refusal to receive applications for citizenship of theRepublicofMoldova, breach of the timeframe, violation of procedure for the processing of applications and execution of decisions on such issues, refusal to grant citizenship, other actions undertaken by civil servants may be appealed in courts under the Law.
	www.legislationline.org /legislation.php?tid=11&lid=978 (2451 words)

	Estonia Law on Citizenship
		A person shall be considered to have lost Estonian citizenship upon acceptance of the citizenship of another state or upon renunciation of Estonian citizenship in favor of the citizenship of another state.
		The consent of the parent, adoptive parent, legal guardian or guardianship agency must be received to grant or restore Estonian citizenship to a minor between the ages of fifteen and eighteen years or to release such minor from Estonian citizenship.
		Applicants for Estonian citizenship who are hearing or speech disabled shall for the language examination be exempt from the requirements established in points 1 and 2, paragraph 2, Article 8 of this Law.
	www.uta.edu /cpsees/estoncit.htm (2814 words)

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