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Topic: Multiple drafts theory

Related Topics

Consciousness Explained

Qualia

Daniel Dennett

Virus of the Brain

Douglas Hofstadter

Lance Armstrong

	Color Phi and Dennett's Theory
		Perhaps the cornerstone of Daniel Dennett's case for his ``multiple drafts" view of consciousness in his well-known Consciousness Explained [5] is a set of inferences he draws from the phi phenomenon.
		According to the Multiple Drafts model [MDT], all varieties of perception -- indeed, all varieties of thought or mental activity -- are accomplished in the brain by parallel, multitrack processes of interpretation and elaboration of sensory inputs.
		MDT is intended by Dennett to supplant traditional accounts of cognition seen, for example, in cognitive psychology -- accounts which include subsystems such as long-term memory, short-term memory, etc., as well as the notion of an ``executive controller" (cf.
	www.rpi.edu /~brings/SELPAP/phi/node1.html (511 words)

	Multiple Drafts Model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Daniel Dennett's Multiple Drafts Theory or Model of Consciousness is a physical theory of consciousness based upon the proposal that the brain acts as an information processor.
		According to the Multiple Drafts theory there are a variety of sensory inputs from a given event and also a variety of interpretations of these inputs.
		Although Multiple Drafts is described as a model or theory of consciousness that differs from other models, Dennett points out that even Descartes was aware that reactions to an event could occur over a period of time with reflexes occurring first and judgements later.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_Drafts_Model (1067 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Multiple Drafts Model
		Daniel Dennett's Multiple Drafts Model of Consciousness is a materialist theory of consciousness based upon cognitivism, which views the mind in terms of information processing.
		Both theories require us to cleanly divide a sequence of perceptions and reactions into before and after the instant that they reach the seat of consciousness, but he denies that there is any such moment, as it would lead to infinite regress.
		The key to the Multiple Drafts Model is that, after removing qualia, explaining consciousness boils down to explaining the behavior we recognize as conscious.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Multiple_Drafts_Model (2240 words)

	Multiple
		Least common multiple In integers a and b is the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of both a and b.
		Multiple endocrine neoplasia 'Multiple endocrine neoplasia' or MEN is a medical expression for a grouping of distinct cl...
		Theory of multiple intelligences The theory of multiple intelligences is an educational development technique and an edu...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/multiple.html (789 words)

	Consciousness Explained (Daniel Dennett) - review
		The core of his theory of consciousness is the "multiple drafts" model.
		In the multiple drafts model consciousness is not a unitary process but rather a distributed one (just as a novel in preparation may exist in multiple drafts at any one time and is only afterwards "finalised").
		Whether the details of his theory prove correct or not, I believe he has made it clear that it is possible to try and explain consciousness without resorting to obfuscation -- that there is no metaphysical mystery about consciousness, even if many of its features still remain to be fully elucidated.
	www.dannyreviews.com /h/Consciousness_Explained.html (691 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Multiple Drafts and the Revisability of Consciousness Perhaps the most important virtue of the MDM is its ability to accommodate the temporal anomalies Dennett discusses.
		One such theory is the higher-order-thought explanation of conscious- ness that I've put forth elsewhere, and which Dennett discusses in chapter 10.2 When a mental state is conscious, one is conscious of being in that state.
		And many of the repressed states familiar from clinical contexts and Freudian theory are very likely not literally unconscious states, but rather states whose intentional properties subjects represent in a radically disguised way, so as to avoid having to face the states they are actually in.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /cogsci/mdfm.htm (5760 words)

	A CONNECTIONIST THEORY OF PHENOMENAL EXPERIENCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Consequently, this connectionist vehicle theory would hold that whenever unconscious information is causally implicated in cognition, such information is not encoded in the form of activation pattern representations, but merely nonexplicitly, in the form of potentially explicit/tacit representations.
		A vehicle theory of consciousness holds that phenomenal experience is to be explained, not in terms of what explicit mental representations do, but in terms of what they are.
		This is a task for a theory of mental content; a theory that can explain how the different activation pattern representations realizable in a particular activation space actually receive their distinct semantic interpretations.
	bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/05/07/bbs00000507-00/bbs.obrien.html (19329 words)

	Consciousness Explained - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Consciousness Explained (published 1991) is a book by the American philosopher Daniel Dennett which attempts to explain how consciousness arises from interaction of physical and cognitive processes in the brain.
		The book puts forward a "multiple drafts" model of consciousness.
		Arguing from research on the brain, it suggests that there is no single central place (a "Cartesian Theater") where conscious experience takes place; instead there are "various events of content-fixation occurring in various places at various times in the brain" (p365).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Consciousness_Explained (351 words)

	Multiple Drafts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		All mental activity is accomplished by multiple, parallel, interpretive or editorial elaborations or revisions.
		In the brain, numerous stories are being drafted and are in various states of draft.
		Drafts are no less "the real article" than is the published article.
	www2.psy.mq.edu.au /~tbates/424/Dennett.html (771 words)

	[No title]
		Recasting the identity theory and functionalism, using Kripkean theories of reference, so mental states can refer to physiological or psychological states that we don't yet understand; and qualia problems are handled better.
		On some problems for the identity theory arising from the intensionality of mental states and from the appeal to properties, and on how to modify the translation form of the theory without embracing the disappearance version.
		Token identity theories aren't vulnerable to Kripke's argument: it may be essential to this pain that it is a C-fibre firing, although not to pain as a type.
	www.cogsci.indiana.edu /pub/chalmers.bib.1 (10302 words)

	Multiple Drafts...
		Then drafts compete in Pandemonium-like rivalry (Dennett 1991) and the rivalry is resolved in favor of one over the rest (the one that "makes most ecological sense")--but not for good.
		Microgenetic theory differs from current information processing stage theories in that it characterizes this progression as gradual differentiation (of initially global percepts) rather than stepwise integration (of fragmentary sense data).
		We suggest, for instance, that if a transformation from draft to draft is slowed down by pathology, then before it is revised the earlier draft might persist long enough to enter into the patterned activity that underlies current experience (Kinsbourne 1988).
	ase.tufts.edu /cogstud/papers/multdrft.htm (826 words)

	A CONNECTIONIST THEORY OF PHENOMENAL EXPERIENCE
		Consequently, this connectionist vehicle theory would hold that whenever unconscious information is causally implicated in cognition, such information is not encoded in the form of activation pattern representations, but merely nonexplicitly, in the form of potentially explicit/tacit representations.
		A vehicle theory of consciousness holds that phenomenal experience is to be explained, not in terms of what explicit mental representations do, but in terms of what they are.
		This is a task for a theory of mental content; a theory that can explain how the different activation pattern representations realizable in a particular activation space actually receive their distinct semantic interpretations.
	www.bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/05/07/bbs00000507-00/bbs.obrien.html (19329 words)

	Time and the observer: The where and when of consciousness in the brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Most importantly, the Multiple Drafts model avoids the tempting mistake of supposing that there must be a single narrative (the "final" or "published" draft) that is canonical--that represents the actual stream of consciousness of the subject, whether or not the experimenter (or even the subject) can gain access to it.
		With multiple drafts in electronic circulation, and with the author readily making revisions in response to comments received by electronic mail, calling one of the drafts the canonical text- -the text of "record", the one to cite in one's own publications- -becomes a somewhat arbitrary matter.
		Another implication of the Multiple Drafts model, in contrast to the Cartesian Theater, is that there is no need--or room--for the sort of "filling in" suggested by frames C and D of figure 4.
	bbsonline.org /documents/a/00/00/04/50/bbs00000450-00/bbs.dennett.html (16765 words)

	Course Descriptions Spring 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Drafts of the reports will be edited in the writing-workshop class with the assistance of the instructor and peers throughout the development and writing of the report.
		First drafts will be used especially to identify the central metaphor(s) inviting the writer to go on a journey to uncover as yet unrealized insights and meanings.
		Critical examination of contributions of linguistic theory, theories of language learning, and data from areas such as language disorders, cerebral dominance, sociolinguistics, and reading processes.
	www.tufts.edu /as/wac/des-s97.html (4430 words)

	Theory
		This theory of language may not be an earth-shattering breakthrough, but it does suggest some important implications for the teaching of language.
		Freire's theory is that "The well-learned habits of summarization and recitation.
		Multiple drafting and all informal writing allows a student to be wrong and learn from it.
	www.louisville.edu /~satayl02/theory.html (1861 words)

	Consciousness (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		An explanatory neural theory needs to explain why or how the relevant correlations exist, and if the theory is committed to physicalism that will require showing how the underlying neural substrates could be identical with their neural substrates or at least realize them by satisfying the required roles or conditions (Metzinger 2000).
		Such theories are diverse not only in the neural processes or properties to which they appeal but also in the aspects of consciousness they take as their respective explananda.
		Thus it is possible for multiple distinct neural theories to all be true, with each contributing some partial understanding of the links between conscious mentality in its diverse forms and the active brain at its many levels of complex organization and structure.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/consciousness (17143 words)

	What do you mean by an integrated theory of learning?
		Theory is often disregarded or ignored when it comes to practice.
		Unfortunately, there is no such theory, a theory which systematically addresses the kinds of environments, activities (or whatever) that effectively and efficiently support one rather than the other.
		The theory therefore cannot be expected to predict the observables of a specific learning situation.
	www.angelfire.com /linux/alan1/angus.html (1691 words)

	[No title]
		from a low-level process to be delivered to multiple higher- Dennett and Kinsbourne [1991; 1992] have proposed the level processes, allowing for multiple drafts to be formed Multiple Drafts theory as a way of modelling such cognitive based on the same data, potentially producing different con- processes.
		The Multiple Drafts theory is based on a paral- clusions or interpretations.
		For instance, in CopyCat [Mitchell, 1993] multiple parallel pro- Inference Engine Inference Engine cesses operate in a stochastic manner on a single workspace, creating a single solution to a problem; in EPIC [Kieras and Buffer Buffer Meyer, 1997] there is a single central executive which acts to coordinate the parallel processes.
	www.ijcai.org /papers/post-0370.txt (1539 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Consciousness Explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		To replace the Cartesian theater, he introduces his own multiple drafts model of consciousness, in which the mind is a bubbling congeries of unsupervised parallel processing.
		What is different in his counter-intuitive theory is the claim that human consciousness, rather than being "hard-wired" into the brain's innate machinery, is more like software "running on the brain's parallel hardware" and is largely a product of cultural evolution.
		His theory of the self is also a bit unsatisfactory, but besides the hard philsophy, Dennet makes a lot of sense, in many things, evolution, phenomenology, language, the denial of the cartesian theather...so this book must be read, pretty much by anyone who has thought about the mind.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0316180661/bookchecker-20 (1441 words)

	Dr. Susan Blackmore
		In Dennett's (2001) 'fame in the brain' metaphor, as in his previous multiple drafts theory (Dennett 1991 and see below), becoming conscious means contributing to some output or result (fame is the aftermath, not something additional to it).
		This kind of theory is dramatically different from existing theories of perception.
		Theories that try to explain the contents of the stream of vision are misguided.
	www.susanblackmore.co.uk /Articles/jcs02.htm (6693 words)

	Revonsuo, Antti (1993) Dennett and Dissociations of Consciousness, Psycoloquy: 4,#59 Split Brain (4) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In this commentary, I argue that the multiple drafts theory is not well off with regard to explaining ANY kinds of dissociations of awareness, including the split-brain.
		The theory entails that it is in principle impossible to identify definitive instantiations of subjective consciousness in the brain, no matter whether the brain in question is split or not.
		In the absence of such a theory, it is difficult to identify distinct instantiations of the phenomenon, especially in problematic cases.
	psycprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk /archive/00000353 (1476 words)

	Daniel Dennett - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Dennett is the author of several major books on evolution and consciousness.
		He is a leading proponent of the theory known by some as Neural Darwinism (see also greedy reductionism).
		Dennett is also well known for his argument against qualia, which claims that the concept is so confused that it cannot be put to any use or understood in any non-contradictory way, and therefore does not constitute a valid refutation of physicalism.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Daniel_Dennett (655 words)

	In Theory
		Whereas student writers usually consider the revision process to be a matter of choosing proper vocabulary words, experienced writers viewing drafting as a process of developing meaning and finding the "heart" of what they wish to convey to their readers (Sommers).
		Furthermore, in that site different parts of the process are modeled with different essays--a prewriting exercise is included with one essay; a set of instructor suggestions is linked with a different essay--but no essay is accompanied by a full repertoire of all the facets that have affected its revision.
		By using web-authoring tools to place drafts side by side, to layer comments onto texts, and to navigate smoothly through the many elements of the writing process, we offer a pedagogical tool that is both manageable and thorough.
	www.gwu.edu /~english/wd/Theory.htm (939 words)

	Metaphors of Mind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A psychological theory or law is correct as long as the predictions based on the theory or law correspond to reality, which implies that some version of the correspondence theory of truth is correct, science is in the end about reality.
		But since the first is a literal theory (a theory according to a correspondence theory of truth) and the latter is a theory based on metaphors (a theory conflicting the correspondence theory), we have little hope to combine them.
		So any effect made to construct a theory of mind, will lead us further away from the theory of everything, of which the combination of the neurophysiological theory and the theory of mind should be a part.
	www.xs4all.nl /~zombies/metaphors.htm (8308 words)

	Part 6/8: Psyche 1(1): Review 3: Korb (fwd) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		That theory, introduced by J.J.C. Smart and U.T. Place in the 1950s, suffers from the objection that mental states cannot be shared since the physical goo of our brains cannot be shared.
		Theorists, in response to the pressure of such arguments, have tended toward functionalism, or the token-identity theory: mental states are to brain states as types are to tokens--as say having one dollar is to having a particular dollar bill (or to having a Susan B. Anthony coin).
		A homuncular theory is one that proceeds to explain some cognitive (conscious) ability or process by first producing some functional analysis that appears to make progress for a time, but then, when things get messy, simply invents an internal agent--a homunculus--which turns out to have all the abilities that needed explaining in the first place.
	www.asifproductions.com /aleph/Dec93/msg00044.html (4211 words)

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