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Topic: Multiple inheritance

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	Multiple inheritance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Multiple inheritance refers to a feature of object-oriented programming languages in which a class can inherit behaviors and features from more than one superclass.
		Multiple inheritance has been a touchy issue for many years, with opponents pointing to its increased complexity and ambiguity in situations such as the "diamond problem".
		Perl uses the list of classes to inherit from as an ordered list, and uses the first method it finds by depth-first searching first the current class, then the inherited classes in the order listed and their superclasses.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_inheritance (359 words)

	Multiple inheritance
		Because of this, the handling of multiple inheritance is an issue which is central to the design of any formalism for representing inheritance networks.
		This might be by banning multiple inheritance altogether, restricting it so that conflicts are avoided, providing some mechanism for conflict resolution as part of the formalism itself, or providing the user of the formalism with the means to specify how the conflict should be resolved.
		In this prioritised multiple inheritance (PMI), precedence is given to nodes that come earlier in the ordering, so that the inherited value for a property comes from the first parent node in the ordering that defines that property, regardless of whether other later nodes also define it (possibly differently).
	www.cogs.susx.ac.uk /research/nlp/datr/datrnode33.html (734 words)

	Java Multiple Inheritance
		In mixin inheritance, one class is specifically designed to be used as one of the classes in a multiple inheritance scheme.
		Another way to think of mixin inheritance is that a mixin class is given a new parent class so that the mixin seems to extend the other class.
		One special feature of mixin inheritance that is not usually present in the general multiple inheritance case is that the mixin class may require services of the class into which it is mixed.
	csis.pace.edu /~bergin/patterns/multipleinheritance.html (1435 words)

	Harnessing multiple inheritance
		In some parts of the object-oriented community, the mere mention of multiple inheritance seems to evoke visions of mysterious, uncharted territories where complexity is the law of the land and treacherous ambiguities lie in cover behind every bush, ready to prey on the poor wandering programmer.
		It has been said that, paradoxically, inheritance could be an obstacle to reusability, since you cannot pull out a class from its context and distribute it as a stand-alone software component if the class was built using inheritance: you must also pull out all of its ancestors.
		Inheritance, multiple or not, is primarily a technique for the designers of a class, not for the designers of its clients.
	archive.eiffel.com /doc/manuals/technology/bmarticles/joop/multiple.html (2996 words)

	Citations: Controversy: The Case for Multiple Inheritance in C - Waldo (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Opponents point out that the use of multiple inheritance in existing programming languages is fraught with problems [Cargill1991] In particular, inheriting and merging code from many classes is a complex and error prone task if no methodology is applied.
		By inheriting from the main base class C and several mixins, it is possible to create various modifications of C and mix in new properties as needed.
		The idea of using linearized mixins as an alternative to multiple inheritance is not new.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/53784/0 (684 words)

	Java Technology Forums - why java don have multiple inheritance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Inheritance as a concept kept in object oriented programming languages like java to inherit the required code from PARENT code to QUALIFIED DESCENDENT code(which is meant/able to inherit), so that you need not to recode it.
		Multiple inheritance allows you to inherit from more than one piece of code, which may lead to complexity and non reliable implementation, as any piece of code can end in inheriting more pieces of codes meant for any different and opposite intention of implementation, which will not be acceptable.
		However the joy of multiple inheritance can be obtained by multilevel also with a very little effort, hardly one or two words to be added to code.
	forum.java.sun.com /thread.jspa?threadID=641343&messageID=3776224 (1392 words)

	Multiple Inheritance and Interfaces
		And somebody like Jerry, who had a lot of experience with multiple inheritance, was saying if he had to do it over again he would have found a way to get rid of the multiple inheritance.
		I would still say use multiple inheritance judiciously, because if you have a choice between a single inheritance based design and a multiple inheritance based design, I think most of the time the single inheritance based design will be simpler.
		But perhaps you are faced with a multiple inheritance based design and a single inheritance based design, and the multiple inheritance based design strikes you as being cleaner or in some other way advantageous.
	www.artima.com /intv/abcs2.html (764 words)

	Multiple Inheritance in Smalltalk-80 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The overriding of inherited methods is still allowed; it is an error only if a class with no method of its own inherits different methods from two or more of its superclasses.
		Our implementation of multiple inheritance is a compromise between the extremes of strict runtime method lookup and copying down inherited methods from all superclasses.
		In our implementation of multiple inheritance, the standard dynamic lookup scheme is used for methods on the chain consisting of the first superclass of each class.
	www.unicavia.com /Squeak/MultipleInheritanceInST80.html (2178 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Multiple Inheritance Considered Useful \| January 9, 2006
		The practical side is that a lot of programmers avoid using multiple inheritance in C++ because they find both its syntax and semantics quirky and hard to remember, and they worry that it adds extra overhead.
		In other object-oriented languages that support multiple inheritance (yes, there are some) and have a common root class, the situation in Figure 3 is the norm for all multiple inheritance.
		Using multiple inheritance without using virtual base classes runs the risk of having multiple sub-objects of a given type in a derived object.
	www.ddj.com /dept/cpp/184402074 (5700 words)

	Multiple Inheritance and Interfaces
		The way we thought about multiple inheritance was that given two full blown classes, each of which could be instantiated, you create a third full blown class that inherits from the other two.
		I wasn't determined to avoid multiple inheritance in C++ at all costs, but in five years I never encountered a situation in which I felt inheriting from multiple base classes made sense in my designs.
		Here was multiple inheritance again, but not the full blown kind of multiple inheritance I was used to in C++.
	www.artima.com /intv/abcs.html (618 words)

	Ada 9X support for multiple inheritance
		Multiple inheritance in 9X: Why it is the way it is...
		Furthermore, what happens in some cases, is that the language-provided multiple inheritance mechanism turns out to be not quite the right solution for a given problem that is "reminiscent" of multiple inheritance.
		Furthermore, the building blocks that support multiple inheritance are very general, and allow the programmer to easily go well beyond the limitations of conventional multiple inheritance mechanisms.
	www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be /~dirk/ada-mi.html (2082 words)

	Why not multiple inheritance?
		The reasons for omitting multiple inheritance from the Java language mostly stem from the "simple, object oriented, and familiar" goal.
		Multiple interface inheritance allows an object to inherit many different method signatures with the caveat that the inheriting object must implement those inherited methods.
		Multiple interface inheritance still allows an object to inherit methods and to behave polymorphically on those methods.
	www.javaworld.com /javaqa/2002-07/02-qa-0719-multinheritance.html (604 words)

	A Typed Intermediate Language for Compiling Multiple Inheritance \| Lambda the Ultimate
		Multiple inheritance is bad when it doesn't properly distinguish between interface and implementation.
		I've been using C++ multiple inheritance in one project, the second class hierarchy was used for storing the object in the database.
		Multiple inheritance is much more necessary in the case of types, when the language is statically typed since the ability to treat objects polymorphically hinges on subtyping.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/view/870 (1196 words)

	The Old Joel on Software Forum - Anyone use Multiple Inheritance?
		I have never seen multiple inheritance used on any of the C++ projects I have worked on, and at most places the coding standards pretty much forbade its use.
		I am talking about full blown implementation inheritance (data + methods), not interface inheritance, which of course is the commonly used form of multiple inheritance in C++.
		This is a radio connection, which can be templated based on the channel characteristics and direction (1st inheritance), but at the level we are looking at, we consider it as an instantiation of a certain protocol (2nd inheritance).
	discuss.fogcreek.com /joelonsoftware/default.asp?cmd=show&ixPost=44343 (769 words)

	AdaIC Article: Multiple Inheritance in Ada 95
		Effectively, the linguistic multiple inheritance mechanism is being used to express not an "is a refinement of" relationship, but rather an "is implemented using" relationship.
		Ada 95 supports multiple-inheritance module inclusion (via multiple "with"/"use" clauses), multiple-inheritance "is-implemented-using" via private extensions and record composition, and multiple-inheritance mix-ins via the use of generics, formal packages, and access discriminants.
		As these examples illustrate, Ada 95 provides support for the construction of essentially arbitrary multiple inheritance type lattices, without having to commit itself to a single linguistic mechanism for multiple inheritance, and without burdening simple single-inheritance problems with the complexity and implementation burden of linguistic multiple inheritance.
	www.adaic.org /learn/tech/multin.html (1278 words)

	Citations: Controversy: The Case Against Multiple Inheritance in C - Cargill (ResearchIndex)
		In particular, inheriting and merging code from many classes is a complex and error prone task if no methodology is applied.
		Ironically, a consistent semantics for multiple inheritance was published as early as 1988 [Cardelli1988] but it has taken time to realise that these semantics apply not....
		Proponents of single inheritance argue that multiple inheritance is complex and poorly understood, that it is frequently abused, and that cases in which it is used could be better handled by single inheritance.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/153122/0 (808 words)

	Dylan Programming: 18 Multiple Inheritance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		When a class has a single direct superclass, the way in which that class inherits from its superclass is called single inheritance.
		Multiple inheritance is useful when we can break down complicated behavior into sets of characteristics that do not interfere with one another.
		Multiple inheritance does not change any of the rules of slot inheritance or method dispatch that we have learned so far.
	www.gwydiondylan.org /books/dpg/db_280.html (250 words)

	Eiffel programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Distinguishing characteristics of Eiffel include design by contract (DbC), liberal use of inheritance including multiple inheritance, a type system handling both value and reference semantics, and generic classes.
		It supports multiple inheritance, genericity, polymorphism, encapsulation, and parameter covariance.
		The Eiffel implementation of multiple inheritance, in the opinion of its supporters, successfully meets these objections.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eiffel_programming_language (1351 words)

	GotW #37: Multiple Inheritance - Part I
		It is appropriate to consider the multiple inheritance (MI) issue now, however, because another popular language is currently facing the same decision: Less than two weeks ago in Portland OR, the ANSI SQL3 committee voted to remove MI as a feature of standard OO/ORDBMS.
		COM does not include inheritance but likewise has a notion of composition of interface, and this model is similar to a combination of Java interfaces and C++ templates.
		The result is that sometimes it's not just necessary to inherit from multiple base classes, but to do so from each one for different reasons.
	www.gotw.ca /gotw/037.htm (936 words)

	multiple inheritance at CodePedia
		Multiple inheritance is a term from object oriented programming.
		Multiple inheritance simply means that a class can inherit from more than one class.
		In Java, it is not possible, but in most situations one can use interfaces instead to get the same thing in a different way.
	www.codepedia.com /1/multiple+inheritance (240 words)

	New Delphi language feature: Multiple inheritance for interfaces in Delphi for .NET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiple inheritance (MI) for interfaces has been implemented and appears in update 3 of the Delphi for.NET preview, which is available to registered users of purchased versions of Delphi 7.
		Multiple inheritance for Interfaces will also be implemented in the dcc32 compiler for Delphi 8.
		How that will be accomplished alongside new support for multiple inheritance of interfaces has not been decided.
	bdn.borland.com /article/0,1410,29779,00.html (733 words)

	Classical Inheritance in JavaScript
		JavaScript is a class-free, object-oriented language, and as such, it uses prototypal inheritance instead of classical inheritance.
		Promiscuous multiple inheritance can be difficult to implement and can potentially suffer from method name collisions.
		This is the function to invoke in the case of Parasitic Inheritance or Object Augmentation.
	www.crockford.com /javascript/inheritance.html (990 words)

	C# Frequently Asked Questions : Why doesn't C# support multiple inheritance? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Multiple implementation inheritance injects a lot of complexity into the implementation.
		The class that needed to have multiple inheritance implements multiple Interfaces.
		Also, I have the gut feeling that mixins would fit better into the philosophy of the.Net framework; in one swoop it would address the lack of multiple inheritance and the inability of doing template meta-programming ATL-style with the CLR generics.
	blogs.msdn.com /csharpfaq/archive/2004/03/07/85562.aspx (903 words)

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