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Topic: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

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	eMedicine - Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome : Article Excerpt by Steven D Burdette
		Severe sepsis meets the aforementioned criteria and is associated with organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion, or hypotension.
		The key to preventing the multiple hits is adequate identification of the cause of SIRS and appropriate resuscitation and therapy.
		Morbidity is related to the causes of SIRS, complications of organ failure, and the potential for prolonged hospitalization.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/systemic-inflammatory-response-syndrome.htm (1700 words)

	Multiple organ failure - ArticleWorld (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) or multiple organ failure is a serious condition involving the failure of tow or more organ systems.
		Multiple organ failure generally is a secondary phenomenon.
		The condition of hepatorenal syndrome is a combination of renal failure and liver failure.
	www.articleworld.org /Multiple_organ_failure (457 words)

	Organ Failure
		Several terms were cloned thereafter, such as multiple organ failure, multiple system organ failure, and multiple organ system failure, to describe this evolving clinical syndrome of otherwise unexplained progressive physiological failure of several interdependent organ systems.
		Multiple organ dysfunction is a continuum, with incremental degrees of physiological derangements in individual organs; it is a process rather than an event.
		Organ dysfunction or organ failure may be the first clinical sign of sepsis, and no organ system is immune from the consequences of the inflammatory excesses of sepsis.
	www.medicalfacts.org /Organ_failure (2371 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Organ dysfunction may be mild, moderate or severe, and multiple organs may show varying degrees of dysfunction.
		Myocardial dysfunction in spite of a markedly increased cardiac index and a hyperdynamic circulation has been attributed to a direct effect of tetanus toxin on the myocardium.
		Multiple organ dysfunction generally arises in those diagnosed late or in those with a poor response to specific therapy.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?cm03001 (2471 words)

	SELECT Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome critical care
		Crucially, MODS is a syndrome not a diagnosis.
		Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome is a specific term arising from the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference Document: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Failure and Guidelines for the Use of Innovative Therapies in Sepsis.
		Secondary MODS describes a situation where the organ dysfunction is not a direct result of the initial injury, but is a consequence of the host response, characterised by a generalised activation of the inflammatory response in organs remote from the initial insult.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /eselect/cc15.htm (7767 words)

	Journal Topic1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Focus has shifted from one organ support to multi organ support of these patients as frequently these children die of multi organ dysfunction and not the primary disease they were admitted with.
		Organ injury does not directly result from exogenous factors such as bacteria or bacterial toxins but is to a great degree a result of the body's production of immuno-inflammatory factors.
		Acute ling injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome may have different causes as the acute respiratory distress syndrome is partly determined by the nature of the underlying or precipitating condition.
	www.isccm.org /journals/jan2002/journal3.htm (3486 words)

	The WorldWide Intensivist - Extracorporeal Detoxification in Sepsis
		In the group of fifty eight patients who died, signs of multiple organ failure were evident at autopsy.
		Patients underwent multiple operations for peritonitis, pancreatitis or multiple trauma of the extremities.
		In most of the DIC syndrome cases, besides signs of numerous petechial hemorrhages and alterations in small veins that varied from endotheliosis to septic trombophlebitis.
	www.anaesthetist.com /icu/infect/sepsis/sepsis1.htm (3171 words)

	Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to tropical infections Udwadia FE
		Organ dysfunction may be mild, moderate or severe, and multiple organs may show varying degrees of dysfunction.
		Myocardial dysfunction in spite of a markedly increased cardiac index and a hyperdynamic circulation has been attributed to a direct effect of tetanus toxin on the myocardium.
		Multiple organ dysfunction generally arises in those diagnosed late or in those with a poor response to specific therapy.
	www.ijccm.org /article.asp?issn=0972-5229;year=2003;volume=7;issue=4;spage=233;epage=236;aulast=Udwadia (2436 words)

	Multiple Organ Failure Main ICU Death Cause - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Advise patients who ask that reported mortality in intensive care units ranges between 6.4% and 40%, with much of the variation depending on the type of unit and the population that is admitted.
		Explain that this study, which reports a mortality rate of 9.5%, says that the major cause of death over a six-year period was multiple organ failure.
		Of those who died in the ICU, 47% suffered acute, refractory multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, 17.8% had refractory cardiovascular failure, and 11.6% had refractory chronic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, the researchers found.
	www.medpagetoday.com /HematologyOncology/OtherCancers/tb/4436 (597 words)

	UMDNJ Research Fall 2004--Role of the gut in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
		A second critical insight during this time period was that the mediators leading to tissue damage, organ failure and death in these conditions are produced by the patient's own tissues and cells.
		The concept of gut-induced sepsis was that during shock or stress states, the body's response was to decrease blood flow to the intestines, thereby ensuring sufficient blood flow to critical organs such as the heart and brain.
		It was during this period that many of the new commercial enteral formulas were developed and the risks of intravenous nutrition were recognized as well as the benefits of "feeding the gut" in addition to the rest of the body.
	www.umdnj.edu /research/publications/fall04/03_multiple_organ.htm (1450 words)

	Clinical Trial: 6-Methyl-Prednisolone for Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome
		multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, on the degree of organ dysfunction and mortality.
		Multiple organ dysfunction score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score will be compared at baseline and on days 4, 7, 14 and 28 (Student’s t test and/or non-parametric tests).
		Multiple organ dysfunction score: a reliable descriptor of a complex clinical outcome.
	www.clinicaltrials.gov /ct/show/NCT00127985 (1742 words)

	ABC of intensive care: Organ dysfunction -- Evans and Smithies 318 (7198): 1606 -- BMJ
		syndrome have a haemodynamic disturbance characterised by a raised
		Multiple organ failure may result from poor distribution of blood flow or a failure of cells to use oxygen because of the inflammatory process
		of the gastrointestinal tract in multiple organ failure.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/318/7198/1606 (1633 words)

	Dry Eye Syndrome
		Dry eye syndrome is a group of disorders affecting the film of tears over the eye.
		Not to be confused with dry eye syndrome, eye allergies are a reaction to substances in the environment that can result in some of the same types of discomforts associated with eye dryness.
		SjÃ¶gren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that attacks the body's lubricating glands, such as the tear and salivary glands.
	www.healthywomen.org /healthtopics/dryeyesyndrome (984 words)

	ARDS Foundation
		The goal of this website is to enhance awareness of and improved monitoring for brain dysfunction as an acute and chronic ailment that people suffer from when they develop critical illness.
		Furthermore, both the lay public and health care professionals are becoming increasingly concerned not only with survival, but also with the quality of patients’ lives, which is determined in large measure by their neuropsychological outcomes.
		As the medical community strives to improve the outcomes of patients with ALI/ARDS, it is imperative that we begin to focus on the brain as an important organ that suffers great risk during the ICU stay and beyond.
	ardsusa.org /ICUDeliriumandCognitiveImpairment.htm (554 words)

	Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Hepatic dysfunction leads to toxins escaping into the systemic circulation and activating an immune response.
		Using similar physiologic variables the Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score was developed.
		The chance of survival is diminished as the number of organs involved increases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_organ_dysfunction_syndrome (589 words)

	N420: Unit VI
		N420: Unit VI Case studies provide the basis for a discussion of the nursing management of the client with shock and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome.
		This material expands upon the effects of shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
		A case study is provided to assist the student to recognize factors that put the patient at risk for shock, and the effects of shock on various organ systems based upon laboratory and hemodynamic values.
	classes.kumc.edu /son/nurs420/unit6/unit6.html (325 words)

	JAMA -- Abstract: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in bone marrow transplantation, October 25, 1995, Haire et al. ...
		Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in bone marrow transplantation
		RESULTS--Single organ dysfunction, manifesting as pulmonary, CNS, or
		hepatic dysfunction, occurred in 93 (48.5%) of the 199 patients and was a
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/274/16/1289 (385 words)

	Chronic Type IV Phosphodiesterase Inhibition Protects Glomerular Filtration Rate and Renal and Mesenteric Blood Flow in ...
		Landow L and Andersen LW (1994) Splanchnic ischaemia and its role in multiple organ failure.
		Nieuwenhuijzen GA, Knapen MF, Oyen WJ, Hendricks T, Corstens FH and Goris RJ (1997) Organ damage is preceded by changes in protein extravasation in an experimental model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
		Pastores SM, Katz DP and Kvetan V (1996) Splanchnic ischemia and gut mucosal injury in sepsis and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/296/1/168 (4101 words)

	Reduction of the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by endotoxemia in 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice and by the ...
		Reduction of the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by endotoxemia in 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice and by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton -- Collin et al.
		Reduction of the multiple organ injury and dysfunction caused by endotoxemia in 5-lipoxygenase knockout mice and by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton
		Thiemermann, C., Ruetten, H., Wu, C. C., Vane, J. (1995) The multiple organ dysfunction syndrome caused by endotoxin in the rat: attenuation of liver dysfunction by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase Br.
	www.jleukbio.org /cgi/content/full/76/5/961 (4927 words)

	Sepsis.com - Clinical manifestation of sepsis
		If not corrected, microvascular dysfunction can lead to global tissue hypoxia, direct tissue damage, and ultimately, organ failure.
		Severe sepsis is sepsis associated with at least one acute organ dysfunction, hypoperfusion, or hypotension.
		MODS is characterized by the presence of altered function of two or more organs in an acutely ill patient, such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention.
	www.sepsis.com /overview/clinical.jsp (246 words)

	SIRS to Septic Shock
		It is the 10th leading cause of death overall (2003) and is the most common cause of shock encountered by internists in the U.S. Despite aggressive treatment mortality ranges from 15% in patients with sepsis to 40-60% in patients with septic shock.
		There is a continuum of clinical manifestations from SIRS to sepsis to severe sepsis to septic shock to Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS).
		Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS): Presence of altered organ function in an acutely ill patient such that homeostasis cannot be maintained without intervention.
	www.kcom.edu /faculty/chamberlain/Website/lectures/lecture/sepsis.htm (3125 words)

	Incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a comparison of two definitions -- Goh et al. 79 (3): 256 -- Archives ...
		the presence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (92% v 25%).
		Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome is a primary life threatening situation in ARDS, arising from the same generalised activation
		Adult respiratory distress syndrome in a paediatric intensive care unit: predisposing conditions, clinical course, and outcome.
	adc.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/79/3/256 (2465 words)

	Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by acquired losses... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Inflammatory mediators of humoral and cellular origin activate and damage the endothelial cells, which leads to dysfunction of the endothelium and stimulate the synthesis of vasoactive mediators.
		In a retrospective study of ARF of septic origin, overall mortality was 74 percent and 76.6 percent of patients died due to sepsis.
		Improvement in survival or a reduction of organ failure during CRRT in patients with sepsis remains to be confirmed in RCCT.
	www.indegene.com /Nep/FeatArt/indNepFeatArt4.html (5700 words)

	Involvement of the central nervous system in radiation-induced multi-organ dysfunction and/or failure -- Gourmelon et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The presence of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in
		that the CNS is a radiosensitive organ whose degree of dysfunction
		syndrome is a consequence of SIRS or is an independent syndrome
	bjr.birjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/Supplement_27/1/62 (256 words)

	Introduction: Heat Illness: Merck Manual Professional
		CNS dysfunction suggests heat stroke, the most serious disorder; confusion and lethargy may further impair the ability to escape the heat and rehydrate.
		As a result, cellular dysfunction occurs and the inflammatory cascade is activated, leading to malfunction of most organs and activation of the coagulation cascade.
		These pathophysiologic processes are similar to those of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (see Shock and Fluid Resuscitation: Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)), which follows prolonged shock.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/print/sec21/ch318/ch318a.html (1004 words)

	Severe Shock
		Although causes of shock are multiple and varied, the syndrome invariably involves a potentially life-threatening inadequacy of perfusion to the tissues.
		This sets in motion a complex cascade of cellular events, often leading to multiple organ dysfunction and failure.
		Is organ dysfunction an inevitable consequence of shock?
	www.barbaraclarkmims.com /SHCK.htm (326 words)

	Advances in the Understanding of Clinical Manifestations and Therapy of Severe Sepsis: An Update for Critical Care ...
		Figure 1 The number of dysfunctional organs upon admission to the intensive care unit, as defined by the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, is strongly related to the probability of survival in the unit.
		Organ dysfunction as an outcome measure in clinical trials.
		Changing pattern of organ dysfunction in early human sepsis is related to mortality.
	ajcc.aacnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/2/120 (6220 words)

	How Ventilation Leads to MODS in ARDS Patients
		EADS TO Although the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) primarily affects the lungs, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the most common immediate cause of ARDS-related mortality.
		Although Fas ligand likely contributed to apoptotic organ damage in these experiments, “I wouldn’t suggest that this is the one and only mechanism,” Dr. Slutsky admitted.
		Injurious mechanical ventilation and end-organ epithelial cell apoptosis and organ dysfunction in an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome.
	www.pulmonaryreviews.com /jul03/pr_jul03_ventilation.html (1087 words)

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