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Topic: Multiple star

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Triple star

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	Binary star
		Binary stars may be found with any conceivable separation, from pairs orbiting so closely that they are practically in contact with each other, to pairs so distantly separated that their connection is indicated only by their common proper motion through space.
		Since mass can be determined only from gravitational attraction, and the only stars (with the exception of the Sun) for which gravitational attraction can be determined are the binary stars, these stars are the one group from which the masses of stars may be determined.
		In the case of a visual binary star, after the orbit has been determined and the stellar parallax of the system obtained, the combined mass of the two stars may be obtained by a direct application of the Keplerian harmonic law.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mu/Multiple_star.html (318 words)

	star. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The most luminous stars (excluding supernovas) are about a million times more powerful than the sun, while the least luminous are only one hundredth as powerful red giants, the largest stars, are hundreds of times greater in size than the sun; if one were placed at the sun’s position, it would engulf Mars.
		Light received from a star consists of a spectrum of wavelengths; the hotter the star, the shorter the wavelength at which the light is most intense.
		Many stars that appear as single points of light in even the most powerful telescopes are actually systems of two or more stars orbiting one another, bound together by their mutual gravitational attraction; the binary stars are most common among these multiple star systems.
	www.bartleby.com /65/st/star-astro.html (859 words)

	Star (astronomy) - MSN Encarta
		Stars are made chiefly of hydrogen and a smaller amount of helium.
		The brightest stars are classified as 1st magnitude, 2nd-magnitude stars are about 2.5 times less bright, while stars just visible to the naked eye on a clear night are 6th magnitude.
		Apparent magnitude is the brightness of a star as viewed from Earth, and the absolute magnitude of a star is its actual brightness as viewed from a set distance away from the star.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761557483/Star_(astronomy).html (1019 words)

	NASA - Star
		A star with an absolute magnitude of -3 is 100 times as luminous as a star whose absolute magnitude is 2 and 10,000 times as luminous as a star that has an absolute magnitude of 7.
		Dark red stars have surface temperatures of about 2500 K. The surface temperature of a bright red star is approximately 3500 K; that of the sun and other yellow stars, roughly 5500 K. Blue stars range from about 10,000 to 50,000 K in surface temperature.
		The hottest stars in a spectral class are assigned the numeral 0; the coolest stars, the numeral 9.
	www.nasa.gov /worldbook/star_worldbook.html (6934 words)

	Multiple star system - Memory Alpha - A Wikia wiki
		Multiple star systems are a form of the standard solar system model which contain more than one active star.
		Usually, the two stars orbit each other around their common center of gravity, also known as their barycenter, but it is also possible for the second star to orbit around the other, in the same manner as a planet would.
		Often, trinary stars consist of a binary pair that orbit each other in relatively close proximity and a third star that is further away, in a more "planetary" syle orbit.
	www.memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Trinary_star_system (234 words)

	multiple - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Multiple Sclerosis (MS), chronic, unpredictable, and often progressive disease of the central nervous system that attacks and destroys tissues in...
		Multiple Birth, birth of more than one offspring at a time, occurring regularly in most mammals, and uncommonly in some of the larger ones, such as...
		Multiple Star, group of more than two stars bound by mutual gravitation so that they move in orbit about each other.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=multiple (163 words)

	Sea and Sky's Cosmic Wonders: Star Clusters
		Star clusters are groupings of stars held together by a common gravitational bond.
		The stars are usually packed into a spherical arrangement with the highest density of stars occurs in the center of the cluster.
		Star cluster are among the easiest objects to observe in the night sky.
	www.seasky.org /cosmic/sky7a06.html (775 words)

	Binary and Multiple Star Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The three belt stars of Orion, Mintaka, Alnilam and Alnitak, were imaged (with the ISIS ccd camera, B filter, 0.55 seconds) through a small finder scope (80 mm Celestron refractor attached to the side of the Yerkes 24 inch telescope).
		Albireo is the star at the tail of Cygnus the Swan (or the foot of the Northern Cross).
		The brighter star is south of the dimmer star.
	sunra.lbl.gov /~vhoette/Explorations/BinaryStars (858 words)

	Star Clusters
		Stars lighter than those of spectral types O and B are also formed from the same cloud of gas, and reside in the same region of space.
		The formation of low-mass stars like the Sun can be explained by the gravitational collapse of a molecular cloud fragment into a protostellar core and the subsequent accretion of gas and dust from the surrounding interstellar medium.
		Stars in these clusters that are 600 million years old are just now exhausting their central hydrogen fuel, indicating that M82 brightening occurred just that long ago.
	universe-review.ca /F06-star-cluster.htm (2486 words)

	Educational Observatory - Double Stars
		Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS) is maintained by the USNO is the world's principal database of astrometric double and multiple star data.
		The Double Star Library - The Double Star Library hopes to be a means by which various types of binary and multiple star information can be easily disseminated among binary star astronomers in IAU Commission 26 and related commissions.
		The Formation of Binary Stars - Recent observational investigations of the frequency of occurrence of pre-main-sequence binary stars have reinforced earlier suspicions that "binary formation is the primary branch of the star-formation process".
	edu-observatory.org /eo/double_stars.html (411 words)

	Constellation Orion
		It belong to the 20 brightest stars in the sky.
		With medium sized telescopes it is possible to distinguish the companion of Rigel, a 7th mag star (smaller telescopes may fail to reveal the companion because of the glare of Rigel).
		The multiple star theta1 Ori, the northern star of the deggar of the Hunter is also called the Trapezium; it is located in the heart of the Orion nebula.
	www.seds.org /Maps/Stars_en/Fig/orion.html (903 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: Hubble Resolves Massive Star System Pismis 24-1 [heic0619]
		The star cluster Pismis 24 lies in the core of the large emission nebula NGC 6357 that extends one degree on the sky in the direction of the Sagittarius constellation.
		Although each of the three stars would then only average at 70 solar masses, they would still make it to the top twenty-five of most massive stars in our Galaxy, but only for a few million years as they would be sure to end their lives as supernovae and then turn into fl holes.
		Massive stars can be the precursors of either fl holes or neutron stars, formed in the supernovae that are the final spectacular flaring of a collapsing massive star and the main sources of the heavy elements in the Universe.
	sci.esa.int /jump.cfm?oid=40445 (718 words)

	Binary star Summary
		Binary stars are not the same as optical double stars, which appear to be close together as seen from Earth, but may not be bound by gravity.
		As a main sequence star increases in size during its evolution, it may at some point exceed its Roche lobe, meaning that some of its matter ventures into a region where the gravitational pull of its companion star is larger than its own.
		In the case of a visual binary star, after the orbit has been determined and the stellar parallax of the system determined, the combined mass of the two stars may be obtained by a direct application of the Keplerian harmonic law.
	www.bookrags.com /Binary_star (5944 words)

	Star system Summary
		As far as the film studios were concerned, there was a direct relationship between a star's public behavior and his or her box-office receipt, so controlling the image of contract players was an economic imperative, even if it appeared under the guise of moral guardianship.
		A star system or stellar system is a system comprised of a star or group of stars, and, perhaps, planetary systems of smaller bodies (such as planets or asteroids), in gravitational association.
		Multiple star systems or physical multiple stars are called triple, trinary or ternary if they contain three stars; quadruple or quaternary if they contain four stars; quintuple with five stars; sextuple with six stars; septuple with seven stars; and so on.
	www.bookrags.com /Star_system (1493 words)

	SPACE.com -- Hubble Spies Multiple Star Factories
		Arp 220, an uber-galaxy in the constellation Serpens that is forming as the result of a galactic collision that began about 700 million-years ago.
		It's the gas, however, that fuels star birth in the clusters.
		It is estimated that there is as much gas in the tiny region where the star clusters were discovered as there is in the rest of the entire Milky Way.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/060613_hyper_nursery.html (660 words)

	Formation of Binary and Multiple Star Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Current estimates claim that over half of the star systems in the Milky Way Galaxy (some estimates even go as high as ninety percent) are actually binary or multiple star systems.
		Star systems begin with an incredibly huge cloud of interstellar gas and dust orbiting a galactic nucleus.
		Panel 6: A wide binary system is present with two stars existing in what is called a close binary system and the third star existing alone surrounded by a circumstellar disc.
	alumni.imsa.edu /~anneka/binaries/formation.html (635 words)

	Young Star Probably Ejected
		The VLA data were used to track the orbit of the smaller Southern star around the larger Southern object, presumed to be a pair of stars orbiting each other closely.
		If a young star is ejected from the system in which it was born, it would be cut off from the supply of gas and dust it needs to gain more mass, and thus its development would be abruptly halted.
		T Tauri, the "Northern" star in this system, is a famous variable star, discovered in October of 1852 by J.R. Hind, a London astronomer using a 7-inch diameter telescope.
	www.nrao.edu /pr/2003/stareject (652 words)

	‘Star Wars world’ found in triple star system - space - 13 July 2005 - New Scientist Space
		During a planet hunt, they typically observe single stars to see if they are wobbling slightly due to the gravitational pull of a planet.
		After surveying only about 20 multiple stars with the 10-metre Keck I telescope in Hawaii, Konacki found signs of a planet in a triple star system called HD 188753.
		Although astronomers have found several planets in multiple star systems before, the stars were always fairly far apart.
	space.newscientist.com /article/dn7667 (765 words)

	Chandra :: Field Guide to X-ray Astronomy :: Binary and Multiple Star Systems
		More than 80% of all stars are members of multiple star systems containing two or more stars.
		Some are thought to form when a collapsing cloud of gas breaks apart into two or more clouds which then become stars, or when one star captures another as a result of a grazing collision, or by a close encounter with two or more other stars.
		The most common multiple star systems are those with two stars.
	chandra.harvard.edu /xray_sources/binary_stars.html (133 words)

	"Smoking Gun" on Multiple-Star Formation Process
		The new VLA study produced a "smoking gun" supporting one of the competing models, said Jeremy Lim, of the Institute of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, in Taipei, Taiwan, whose study, done with Shigehisa Takakuwa of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is published in the December 10 issue of the Astrophysical Journal.
		Ironically, their discovery of a third, previously-unknown, young star in the system may support a second theoretical model.
		A VLA study in 1998 showed two young stars orbiting each other, each surrounded by a disk of dust that may, in time, congeal into a system of planets.
	www.nrao.edu /pr/2006/multidisk (634 words)

	Multiple star - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This closeness may be merely apparent, in which case the multiple star is optical, or result from the stars being physically close and gravitationally bound to each other, in which case it is physical.
		HD 188753 is a physical multiple star with three component stars: HD 188753A, a yellow dwarf; HD 188753B, an orange dwarf; and HD 188753C, a red dwarf.
		HR 3617 is a multiple star with three component stars, HR 3617A, HR 3617B, and HR 3617C.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiple_star (187 words)

	STARTREK.COM : Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The remastering of Star Trek is not a project to be undertaken lightly.
		There is a history here of some 40 years, a timespan long enough that some people are suspicious of using modern digital technology to enhance a show that was considered pretty cutting edge in its day; the quaint appeal of its admittedly now creaky special effects would somehow be lost.
		But to others, the relic of Star Trek's original visual effects is exactly what needs to be updated to make the show more appealing for repeated viewings and future High Definition media, and to a younger audience already transfixed by the digital chaos that exists in some modern movies.
	www.startrek.com /startrek/view/news/article/25055.html (551 words)

	Washington Catalog of Double Stars
		TheSky6 displays this information as a series of lines that are drawn from the central star to the other stars in the double or multiple star system.
		Double star example where both stars are in included as part of TheSky6's core stellar databases.
		This means that either there are no corresponding stars from TheSky6's core stellar databases for this multiple star system, or the positions of the multiple star system are not sufficiently accurate.
	www.bisque.com /help/theskyv6/WDS.htm (194 words)

	PHP SCRIPTS - Multiple Star Rating System / PHP Rating Script
		Multiple Star Rating Script that can have multiple five star ratings on one page with php support.
		The script can be used multiple times in a single page to rate different photo / image / article in a page.
		Say, you have added multiple five star rating system in a page for picture 1 and picture 2.
	www.hscripts.com /scripts/php/licensed/multistar.php (336 words)

	Multiple Star Orbits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Real multiple star systems are usually messier with stars of different masses at very different distances.
		There are two stars orbiting each other at close range, and a third, more distant, star orbiting around the first two.
		Nobody has yet found a figure-of-eight triple star system (a few astronomers have tried to find one), but it is possible that somewhere in our Galaxy there are stars which follow this orbit.
	www.anzwers.org /free/universe/orbits.html (277 words)

	Binary and Multiple Stars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Binary and multiple stars are common in the universe.
		The component stars in multiple systems orbit each other, and move around their center of mass, because of their mutual gravitational interaction, an effect which can be noted by observation of changes of their relative positions and radial velocities, and are all at about the same distance from us.
		The first double star discovered and separated with a telescope was Mizar (by Riccioli, 1651), followed by the multiple Theta Orionis (Huygens, 1656) which is the Trapezium Cluster in the Orion Nebula.
	www.seds.org /messier/bina.html (437 words)

	SPACE.com -- Worlds With Multiple Suns Abundant
		Raghavan and his team combed through archived star data to identify 131 star systems with planets that scientists had previously suspected of having companion stars.
		The group found one previously unknown stellar companion around HD 38529, a star known to have planets but until now was thought to be a single star system.
		It’s estimated that up to two out of every three stars in the Milky Way are part of multiple star systems, many of them binary.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/060112_binarystar_planets.html (639 words)

	Multiple Star Systems
		Although we are used to thinking of stars coming as individuals because our own Sun appears to be a lone star, this is not the norm.
		The evidence is that most stars that we see in the sky are parts of multiple star systems revolving around a common center of mass.
		If there are two stars in the system, it is called a binary star system.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/binaries/binaries.html (78 words)

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