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Topic: Multispectral

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	Multispectral scanner optical system - Patent 4215273
		Multispectral scanners for use with mechanical video systems are known and used, for example, in constructing pictures of ground terrain from a moving airplane.
		Due to the varied transmission properties of optical devices in these wavelength regions, and the general dependency of detectors on the wavelength of the radiation being detected, the radiation may be separated within the optical system of the multispectral scanner and various wavelength portions of the radiation presented to appropriate detectors.
		Thus, the reflecting mirror surface is elliptical in shape, with an elliptical aperture centered in the surface and having its major axis coincidental with that of the elliptical outer border of the surface.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4215273.html (4960 words)

	Multispectral Imaging of Tablets in Blister Packaging
		This study tests the hypothesis that a near-IR camera and multispectral imaging permits the identity and composition of large numbers of tablets to be determined simultaneously through blister packs to study stability.
		Multispectral imaging offers a potential speed advantage of approximately 30 000 over HPLC when determining moisture and salicylic acid in single, packaged aspirin tablets.
		Multispectral imaging of a field of tablets is approximately 1000 times faster than spectrometry of single tablets.
	www.aapspharmscitech.org /view.asp?art=pt020209&pdf=yes (3183 words)

	Lumidigm — Multispectral fingerprint imaging
		A multispectral imaging sensor capable of collecting information that is complementary to a conventional fingerprint image has been developed.
		The multispectral sensor can be configured to be compatible with a standard TIR-based optical fingerprint reader, enabling the collection of both sets of images during a single touch of the sensor by the user.
		In addition to producing a set of images that can be used to augment a conventional TIR image of the fingerprint, the multispectral sensor also acquires significant additional and complementary information regarding the sample composition and structure (see skin physiology).
	www.lumidigm.com /multispectral.html (239 words)

	Multispectral Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale
		A synopsis is published as "Quantifying Multispectral Imagery Interpretability" in the proceedings of the International Symposium on Spectral Sensing Research, July 1994.
		The meaning of the term "multispectral" varies greatly by user, and some definitions were considered much too inclusive for this exploratory effort.
		For the MS IIRS, "multispectral" is defined to be several bands of co-registered imagery acquired in the reflective portion of the electromagnetic spectrum (0.4 - 2.5 mu m).
	www.fas.org /irp/imint/niirs_ms/msiirs.htm (6200 words)

	Multispectral Bacterial Identification
		A multispectral optical technique was developed to simultaneously classify individual bacterial cells within mixed populations.
		Multispectral Bacterial Identification (mBID) combines innovations in microscopy with a software analysis program to measure and categorize the fluorescence signals from multiplexed 16S ribosomal RNA probes hybridized to populations of different bacteria.
		A second disease amenable to study by mBID is bacterial vaginosis, a prevalent disorder that is probably the result of an imbalance in the various bacterial populations that comprise the vaginal flora.
	www.et-al.com /searchable/HTML/mBID1.html (4049 words)

	Chevron: Remote Sensing Instruments - Multispectral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Multispectral instruments image the earth in a few strategic areas of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Energy from the surface of the earth is collected by sensors in orbit around the Earth, such as those instruments aboard the Terra satellite shown in the upper left corner.
		Multispectral images, such as those examples shown above of Landsat and ASTER, see the world in a reduced number of bands relative to hyperspectral images.
	www.es.ucsc.edu /~hyperwww/chevron/multispec.html (181 words)

	Four Band Multispectral Aerial Photography of Northern Thailand Watersheds. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This four-band multispectral aerial photography covering four bands of light spectrum including infrared, new and precise information can be gained on the natural resources of the areas such as soils, minerals, forest growth, water, agricultural crops and so on.
		The utilization of both four-band multispectral aerial photos and satellite imagery are greatly beneficial to land use study and natural resource detection and classification.
		The four-band multispectral aerial photography of northern Thailand watersheds project is such a kind of integrated project that attempting to solve the problem on deforestation and simultaneously promote and improve social-economic of the normadic hilltribe people living on the high mountain.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1980/techsc/techs004pf.htm (1286 words)

	Scene classification using multispectral data fusion algorithms
		Multispectral sensor fusion techniques can be used to solve a variety of classification and discrimination problems.
		Battelle's portable multispectral sensor suite has been used to collect simultaneous, multispectral imagery of ground target and background object signatures over a full diurnal cycle in visible, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrally filtered wavebands.
		The multispectral imagery of this scene, classified by an artificial neural network, is displayed in Figure 2 with artificial color showing the different classes of objects (target, road, building, trees, and grass) identified by the network algorithm.
	libraries.maine.edu /Spatial/gisweb/spatdb/acsm/ac94107.html (2061 words)

	Classification of multispectral, multitemporal, multisource /Spatial data using artificial neural networks
		A particularly appealing and promising technical approach for enhanced classification is the integration of multispectral, multitemporal satellite remote sensing data and multisource ancillary data.
		It has been suggested that artificial neural network applications using data from diverse sources with different distributions, such as multispectral, multitemporal remote sensing data, and image segmentation from internal /Spatial structure or GIS underlying data layers, should be explored (Civco, 1993).
		These two quadrangles were chosen because of their diversity in land use and land cover, the availability of multiple Landsat TM scenes, and their use in previous image analysis and classification studies (Civco, 1991, 1993, Wang and Civco, 1992a, 1992b).
	libraries.maine.edu /Spatial/gisweb/spatdb/acsm/ac94014.html (3936 words)

	Principles of Remote Sensing - Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, CRISP
		If a multispectral image consists of the three visual primary colour bands (red, green, blue), the three bands may be combined to produce a "true colour" image.
		Different bands of a multispectral image may be combined to accentuate the vegetated areas.
		The NDVI band may also be combined with other bands of the multispectral image to form a colour composite image which helps to discriminate different types of vegetation.
	www.crisp.nus.edu.sg /~research/tutorial/opt_int.htm (1716 words)

	MultiSpec© - A Multispectral Image Data Analysis System
		MultiSpec (©Purdue Research Foundation) is a processing system for interactively analyzing Earth observational multispectral image data such as that produced by the Landsat series of Earth satellites and hyperspectral image data from current and future airborne and spaceborne systems such as AVIRIS.
		Display multispectral images in a variety of B/W or color formats using linear or equal area gray scales; display (internally generated) thematic images also in B/W or color, with an ability to control the color used for each theme.
		The MultiSpec implementation is carried out in such a way that the primary limit on the number of lines or columns of the data, the number of spectral bands, etc., are those determined by the available disk and memory space.
	cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu /~biehl/MultiSpec/description.html (1075 words)

	USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) EROS, Sioux Falls, SD
		High-resolution (15- to 90-meter) multispectral data from the Terra satellite (2000 to present).
		Moderate-resolution (250- to 1000-meter) multispectral data from the Terra Satellite (2000 to present) and Aqua Satellite (2002 to present).
		High-resolution (15- to 60-meter) multispectral data from Landsat 7 (1999 to present).
	edcwww.cr.usgs.gov /products/satellite.html (340 words)

	News Release - DOE's Multispectral Thermal Imager satellite
		The Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite developed at Sandia and Los Alamos national laboratories includes a sophisticated telescope that collects day and night ground images in 15 spectral bands ranging from the visible to long-wave infrared.
		The unique imager, which was designed and built by Sandia and calibrated in a special facility at Los Alamos, gives the satellite the ability to "see" reflected and thermally radiated electromagnetic waves that are not visible to the human eye, with performance currently achievable only in a laboratory setting.
		MTI's three-year R&D mission objectives are to advance the state-of-the-art in multispectral and thermal imaging, image processing, and associated technologies and to better understand the utility of these technologies.
	www.sandia.gov /media/NewsRel/NR1999/MTIprep.htm (432 words)

	Multispectral Imaging Capability
		The Multispectral Imaging Capability (MIC) represents an affordable, straightforward approach to a multispectral Landsat follow-on instrument with substantially lower mass, volume, and cost.
		Multispectral Panchromatic (MS/Pan) Array: Although the optical system supports a 15° wide FOV, only a small fraction was populated with detector arrays, as illustrated in the diagram below.
		Multispectral imaging technology has demonstrated the capability of better calibrated and higher signal-to-noise high spatial resolution Landsat-type surface measurements.
	eo1.gsfc.nasa.gov /Technology/ALImultispectral.htm (405 words)

	Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM)
		The multispectral scanner (MSS) was the primary sensor on Landsats 1-3 and was included on the Landsat 5 platform to provide continuity with previous Landsat data.
		The thematic mapper (TM) is an advanced, multispectral scanning, earth resources sensor designed to achieve higher image resolution, sharper spectral separation, improved geometric fidelity, and greater radiometric accuracy and resolution than the MSS sensor.
		This sensor also images a swath 185 km (115 miles) wide but each pixel in a TM scene represents a 30 m x 30 m ground area (except in the case of the far-infrared band 6 which uses a larger 120 m x 120 m pixel).
	iic.gis.umn.edu /finfo/land/landsat2.htm (1301 words)

	SOFIA - Reflectance Calibrated Digital Multispectral Video
		Because of the dynamic nature of vegetation, multispectral video permits the fast acquisition of imagery coincident with the collection of a spectral signature catalogue that is critical in effective spectral matching and classification.
		One approach to vegetation classification at a coarser resolution is to first use the classification of DMSV imagery at its fine resolution to produce vegetation class labels for individual pixels at coarse resolutions.
		The multispectral composite on the cover was recorded in August 1996 (almost three months after the tragic disaster that killed all 110 passengers aboard) at an altitude of 1 km above ground level providing a 30 cm pixel resolution.
	sofia.usgs.gov /publications/fs/remote_sens (2589 words)

	Multispectral Image Processing
		Multispectral imagery contains a wealth of information beyond that in panchromatic imagery.
		This course will describe and evaluate computer processing techniques that are used to extract information from multispectral imagery.
		The emphasis will be on earth remote sensing, but the techniques discussed generally apply to any multispectral imagery.
	www.spie.org /web/meetings/programs/or00/courses/SC174.html (203 words)

	USGS - Multispectral imaging, Puyallup River - Project Summaries
		These tasks include the collection of multispectral imaging, a portfolio of water-surface profiles, and a riffle stability analysis.
		To address the second objective, LIDAR data collected in the spring of 2004 within the study areas will be verified and calibrated by field crews during the summer of 2004.
		To address the third objective, traditional empirical and graphical approaches will be used to compare the accuracy of field measurements with those of the multispectral images collected for the study reaches.
	wa.water.usgs.gov /projects/puyallupimaging/summary.htm (536 words)

	Remote Sensing Tutorial Introduction - Part 2 Page 11
		Multispectral images are usually photo-like prints or computer monitor displays produced from input data representing segments or intervals of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The process of producing multispectral photographs is explained.
		To emphasize this approach, we reproduce here the same four panels used to exemplify multispectral imagery as shown on page 34 of the Landsat Tutorial Workbook.
	rst.gsfc.nasa.gov /Intro/Part2_11.html (976 words)

	Multispectral Ultraviolet Fluorescence Lidar System Identifies Chemical Mixtures in Field Tests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Measurements were made on vapor plumes consisting of mixtures of benzene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and toluene ranging in concentration from 1 to 500 ppm.
		Highlights of the field test results include the first multivariate analysis of multispectral absorption and fluorescence data and the capability of UV fluorescence lidar measurements to map species concentrations in chemical plumes.
		Data obtained at the July 1995 field test demonstrates the potential of multispectral UV fluorescence measurements to detect nuclear, chemical, and biological proliferation activities.
	www.sandia.gov /1100/Xresbrief/lovpjh.htm (382 words)

	Remote Sensing for Coastal Management - Sensor Summaries - Airborne Multispectral Systems
		These multispectral systems can collect stereo fl and white, color infrared, and true-color imagery using a single pass at the customer-required ground resolution.
		Airborne multispectral camera systems are usually based on Charge Coupled Device (CCD) arrays and fall into two categories: frame sensors, which use square or rectangular CCD arrays and have geometric characteristics similar to a film camera and line sensors or scanners, which use linear CCD arrays and therefore have geometries similar to satellite sensors.
		Coastal zone resource analysts use aerial MS in combination with multibeam acoustic sensors to infer the distributions and extents of different habitat classes.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /crs/rs_apps/sensors/aerialmulti.htm (580 words)

	Multispectral Imaging (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Multispectral satellite data has been at the foreground of the remote sensing industry since the 1970’s.
		There is a wide range of satellites providing multiple spatial and spectral resolutions on the market from 5 meter panchromatic (greyscale) to 30 meter data with 6 spectral bands of information.
		3Di’s expertise with multispectral sensors and data ensures the best-suited sensor technology will be used to best suit your needs and budget.
	www.govcon.com /Content/ProductShowcase/product.asp?DocID={1CDF51EF-9521-11D4-8C66-009027DE0829} (302 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Hyperspectral and Multispectral Laser Induced Fluorescence Imaging Techniques for Food ...
		The versatility and sensitivity of the fluorescence imaging techniques for detection of fecal contamination on fruits are demonstrated with apples artificially contaminated with a range of diluted cow feces.
		Regions of fecal contamination that are not readily visible to human eye are easily identified in the multispectral fluorescence images.
		Also presented is a two-band ratio as a multispectral fusion method along with an automated detection application for animal feces contamination on apples.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=157128&pf=1 (393 words)

	AMDC - Airborne Multispectral Di
		Fast data transfer to solid state memory allows rapid capture of 2 to 5 spectral images with 80 to 98% overlap, producing a multispectral frame.
		The percentage of overlap depends on V/H and the number of spectral images (bands) in the multispectral frame.
		A resampling algorithms, based on a 2-dimensional projective transform and a flat earth model, is supplied for use in a ground data processing system.
	www.caravan-ny.com /es_amdc.html (380 words)

	Multispectral Processing using Hyperspectral Tools
		The decision was made in 1992 to develop a general purpose image processing software package with a full suite of standard tools in response to the general lack of powerful yet flexible commercial products capable of handling a wide variety of scientific image data formats.
		This example is broken into two portions: 1) a typical multispectral analysis of TM data using "standard" or classical multispectral analysis techniques, and 2) analysis of the same dataset using ENVI's hyperspectral tools.
		For hyperspectral data (less-so for multispectral data), the MNF divides data space into two parts; one with large eigenvalues and coherent eigenimages and the second with near-unity eigenvalues and noise-dominated images.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/remote_sensing/labs/tutorial/tut15.htm (3950 words)

	Biocompare News - Kodak Introduces New In-Vivo Multispectral Imaging System For Early Disease Detection
		The new system incorporates workflow automation and advanced multispectral fluorescence, luminescence, digital x-ray and radioisotopic imaging capabilities for in vivo imaging of small animals for drug development and life science research.
		The In-Vivo Multispectral system’s computer controlled multispectral tuning of excitation light provides greatly enhanced sensitivity allowing for the identification and separation of multiple fluorochromes and the removal of autofluorescence background.
		The In-Vivo Multispectral system automatically generates and analyzes multispectral fluorochrome images with spatially co-registered x-ray and white light images for improved localization of biological markers in vivo.
	news.biocompare.com /newsstory.asp?id=161503 (451 words)

	Defined Term - Multispectral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Multispectral sensors collect data in two or more spectral bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The bands may be located in the visible and infrared parts of the spectrum and frequently are not contiguous.
		Many features have unique spectral characteristics that become apparent in imagery when viewing combinations of the different bands.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /crs/rs_apps/sensors/multi.htm (51 words)

	Satellite multispectral
		Satellite Multispectral instruments can create multiple images of a scene or object using light from different parts of the spectrum.
		If the proper wavelengths are selected, multispectral images can be used to detect bathymetric features and benthic habitats.
		UNESCO has useful information available on satellite remote sensing on their CSI Web-based Forum on Wise Coastal Practices.
	www.coastal.crc.org.au /cwhm/toolkit/Tech_EO_satm.htm (251 words)

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