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Topic: Multistable perception

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	Multistable perception - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Multistable perceptual phenomena are a rare form of visual perception phenomena, characterized by an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes.
		The fascination of multistable perception probably comes from the active nature of endogenous perceptual changes or from the dissociation of dynamic perception from constant sensory stimulation.
		Multistable perception was a common feature in the artwork of the Dutch lithographer M.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Multistable_perception (588 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Multistable perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Monocular rivalry is a phenomenon of multistable perception.
		Thus, by knowledge we mean knowledge the knowable; by the knowable, that which is to be apprehended by knowledge; by perception, perception of the perceptible; by the perceptible, that which is apprehended by perception.
		Perception is sometimes referred to as a cognitive process in which information processing is used to transfer information from the world into the brain and mind where it is further processed and related to other information.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Multistable-perception (1344 words)

	Multistable Perception Encyclopedia Article @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Multistable perceptual phenomena are a rare form of edit phenomena, characterized by an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes.
		The fascination of multistable perception probably comes from the active nature of edit perceptual changes or from the dissociation of dynamic perception from constant sensory stimulation.
		Multistable perception was a common feature in the artwork of the Penrose triangle Optical illusion 3 Cultural history, who was strongly influenced by mathematical physicists such as Cognitive neuroscience.
	216.92.11.22 /encyclopedia/Multistable_Perception (771 words)

	Pion abstract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Presentation of an ambiguous figure as well as of two different images shown simultaneously to the two eyes results in multistable perception which is characterised by alternating periods.
		The perceptive state of fifteen subjects was continuously recorded as well as EEG from ten active leads.
		In contrast, for the ambiguous figure, a reverse tendency in the form of widespread synchronisation in the mixed periods was notably reduced during the unitary ones.
	www.perceptionweb.com /abstract.cgi?id=v020585 (278 words)

	Perception - Cleverpedia, the ultimate encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Serves the perception of changes of position in relation to a gravity field to the keeping of the equilibrium and control of movements, together with eyes and sense of muscle.
		For this sensory perception the nerve Trigeminus is responsible, its free nerve ends in the face skin and the mucous membranes of the nose, the oral cavity and the eyes ends.
		It is difficult to describe the perception process generally accepted since it can be fundamentally different from humans to humans; so also for example many psychological diseases have their causes in a diseased disturbed perception.
	cleverpedia.com /Perception (3933 words)

	Visual perception
		Visual perception or seeing is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision.
		Some argue that the perception of depth also constitutes a sense, but others argue that this is really cognition (that is, post-sensory) function derived from having stereoscopic vision (two eyes) and is not a sensory perception as such.
		The eye's retina performs the first stages of visual perception processing, with the remaining stages of visual perception occurring in the optic nerve and the visual cortex of the brain.
	en.mcfly.org /Visual_perception (173 words)

	Journal of Vision - Binocular rivalry with perceptually ambiguous stimuli yields multistable perceptions, by White (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bistable perception also occurs with ambiguous motion, dots moving along elliptical trajectories as though on the surface of a transparent sphere.
		Multistable perception occurs when one eye views an ambiguous motion stimulus with ellipse major axes horizontal while the other eye views ambiguous motion with major axes vertical.
		The model I wished to test was that multistable switching rate could be predicted by combining the bistable switching rate of ambiguous motion viewed without rivalry (i.e., binocularly), and the bistable switching rate of binocular rivalry between similar unambiguous motion stimuli.
	journalofvision.org /4/8/244 (375 words)

	NIMH DIRP - Principal Investigators
		Leopold’s lab is interested in the large-scale organization of brain activity related to the establishment and maintenance of a visual percept.
		It is well known that neurons in different cortical areas respond to simple and complex visual features, and it is thought that the neural analysis of a stimulus proceeds in a hierarchical fashion.
		Based on these and other observations, they hypothesize that the neural expression of a visual percept is intimately linked to dynamic, interactive processes among diverse brain areas, and that this is only partially reflected in the responses of feature-selective sensory neurons.
	intramural.nimh.nih.gov /research/pi/pi_leopold_d.html (460 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Gestalt psychology
		Emergence is demonstrated by the perception of the Dog Picture, which depicts a Dalmatian dog sniffing the ground in the shade of overhanging trees.
		Multistability (or Multistable perception) is the tendency of ambiguous perceptual experiences to pop back and forth unstably between two or more alternative interpretations.
		The investigations developed at the beginning of the 20th century, based on traditional scientific methodology, divided the object of study into a set of elements that could be analyzed separately with the objective of reducing the complexity of this object.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Gestalt_psychology (1835 words)

	OCULOMOTOR SCANNING PATTERNS DURING PERCEPTION OF AN
		Perception is multistable during viewing an ambigious figure.
		We concluded that scanpath formation and perception were influenced by contrast change but not by starting position of the eyes.
		Inspection of fixation points revealed that the greatest number of fixations was spent on the left half of the picture if the subject reported to see the young woman and on the right half if the old woman was seen.
	congress.utu.fi /ecem11/visual_proc/Ilhan_rev.htm (233 words)

	Multistable perception
		Multistable perception is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision.
		Multistable perception: Encyclopedia II - Visual perception - Theoretical perspectives in the study of visual perception
	www.experiencefestival.com /multistable_perception (1498 words)

	A stochastic model of multistable visual perception.
		Multistability in vision is an intriguing phenomenon that is currently not well understood.
		In this paper, we present a new, stochastic model for multistable visual perception.
		The relationship between visual perception and visual mental imagery: a reappraisal of the neuropsychological evidence.
	www.accelerated-learning-online.com /research/stochastic-model-multistable-visual-perception.asp (438 words)

	Visual perception
		In psychology, visual perception is the end product of vision, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) the consequences of light stimulus.
		The resulting perception is known as eyesight, sight or vision.
		The major problem in visual perception is that what people see is not simply a translation of retinal stimuli (i.e., the image on the retina).
	www.1bx.com /en/Eye_sight.htm (699 words)

	Temporal and orientational effects on adaptation to the Necker cube
		is attractive in its simplicity, and, by considering residual satiation as a factor in the perception of the figure, the theory elegantly explains the data for the several conditions.
		The influence of orientation is a well-known factor in the perception of Necker cubes, sometimes used to illustrate likelihood-against-simplicity.
		The hypothesis that the absence of an adaptation effect after perception of the unbiased organization, as found in Experiment 1, was due to stability of the cube by its orientation, can be tested by selecting orientations in which the cube is maximally ambiguous.
	ppw.kuleuven.be /~peterc/internship/adaptation.html (6201 words)

	AMBIGUITY AND ART
		In perception psychology, multistabile perception of ambiguous figures is often considered as a marginal curiosity.
		As a result, we have the oscillation of perception, and laughter is one of the external manifestations of this oscillation.
		In the visual perception this period is approximately equal to t=10 sec., and in the perception of the ambiguity of meaning this period is about t=0.1 sec.
	www.mi.sanu.ac.yu /vismath/igor/index.html (2405 words)

	A.I. projects in perceptual organization
		The reasons for this are not only situated in the intertwining of perception with a large knowledge database, but also in the dynamic flexibility with which perceptual systems deal with the information that is picked up at the level of the receptors.
		We apply the inherent multistability of stimuli like these to study the weight of and interaction between different grouping cues, such as proximity, collinearity of the elements, or dot polarity.
		In multistable perception, where two or more interpretations are possible for one image, giving less weight to one interpretation alternative because it occurs repetetively, or over prolonged duration, will cause a higher probability for the other alternative to pop up.
	ppw.kuleuven.be /~peterc/AI/projects.htm (1468 words)

	Journal of Vision - Multistable motion rivalry – four co-localised motion directions compete with similar dynamics to ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Following Diaz-Caneja's observation of multistable perception across the midline, Suzuki and Grabowecky (Neuron 2002) have recently studied the dynamics afforded by the increased perceptual options, including path dependence and on-line adaptation, which were equivalent whether the rivalrous exchanges perceived were formed by single-eye or mixed-eye dominance.
		Because the four perceptual options of Suzuki were formed by a mid-line split of the two stimuli, we investigated whether more than two discrete stimuli existing at the one point in space could individually compete for dominance.
		After a short period of adjustment, alternation of 4 rivalrous percepts emerged such that alternations of dominant motions were clearly visible with other motions either missing or apparently in the background.
	journalofvision.org /5/8/14 (359 words)

	Multistable perception - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Multistable perceptual phenomena are a rare form of visual perception, characterized by an unpredictable sequence of spontaneous subjective changes.
		In the 1980s, multistable visual patterns caught the attention of philosophers, psychologists, and neuroscientists.
		Kruse, P and Stalder, M (eds.), Ambiguity in Mind and Nature: Multistable Cognitive Phenomena, Springer, 1995, ISBN 0387570829
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Multistable_perception (233 words)

	THE NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL IMAGINATION:
		It is also a particularly interesting example of a multistable perception, that is, an image which can be regarded as alternately depicting two distinct objects, such as Wittgenstein’s duck-rabbit or the hallway-pyramid Varela himself introduced earlier in the essay.
		In other words, the perception is multistable although it isn’t exactly a "multistable visual perception," like the examples discussed by Varela throughout his essay.
		At the beginning of this section Varela had noted that "when visual perception shifts abruptly," it is "accompanied by a (more or less distinct) emotional change," exactly how he then imagined the message "Do you really wish to erase this text?" affecting him.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/HPS/WritingScience/smeyerSLS_2001.html (1320 words)

	Multistable perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A different type of theory is the ecological approach of James J. Gibson.
		James J. GibsonGibson rejected the assumption of a poverty of stimulus by rejecting the notion that perception is based in sensations.
		Going to revert the last changes and begin working to integrate their material into the WP article.
	www.33beat.com /Multistable_perception.html (938 words)

	Continuous Phase Transitions in the Perception of Multistable Visual Patterns - Kruse, Carmesin, Pahlke, Struber, ...
		Neuronal Self-Organization of Motion Percepts - Carmesin, Arndt (1995)
		Continuous phase transitions in the perception of multistable visual patterns.
		1 Multistability and metastability in perceptual and brain dyn..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /kruse96continuou.html (652 words)

	multistable perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Since most of these images lead to an alternation between two mutually exclusive perceptual states, they are sometimes also referred to as bistable perception.
		Fascination of multistable perception is usually based on the active nature of endogenous perceptual changes or on the dissociation of dynamic perception from constant sensory stimulation.
		In modern days multistable visual patterns have caught the attention of philosophers, psychologists and neuroscientists alike.
	en.mcfly.org /multistable_perception (197 words)

	As Column Taper Increase, Greek Column Illusion Increases and Then Becomes Multistable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The relationship between the size of illusion and column tapering was determined using a staircase procedure.
		Initially, the illusion is linearly related to column taper; however, as taper increases, the perception becomes multistable.
		For vertical columns, extreme values of column taper lead to evidence of a multistable perception of the illusion.
	psych.hanover.edu /RESEARCH/vi-040.html (1181 words)

	IPK CNL
		A better understanding of the neurophysiological processes underlying perceptual reversals might help to disentangle bottom-up from top-down influences on multistable perception.
		The aim of this research is to define more specifically the functional role of the EEG frequency bands during the perception of reversal figures.
		ADHS and multistable visual perception (Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Göttingen)
	www.ipk.uni-bremen.de /eeg.html (333 words)

	Journal of Vision - Electrophysiological correlates of perceptual reversals for three different types of multistable ...
		Using a lattice of Necker cubes as a stimulus, J. Kornmeier and M. Bach (2004, 2005) reported differences in P1 amplitudes as well a broad reversal-related negativity occurring 200–400 ms poststimulus.
		Three different types of multistable stimuli were utilized: a modified Rubin's face/vase, a modified Schröder's staircase, and a novel natural stimulus, Lemmo's cheetahs.
		These results support a model of multistable perception in which changes in early spatial attention (indicated by P1 and N1 enhancement) modulate perceptual reversals (indicated by the reversal negativity or SN).
	www.journalofvision.org /7/1/6 (347 words)

	Apparent Motion: Event-Related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Perceptual Switches and States -- Muckli et al. ...
		A, C, GLM contrast analysis detects regions in which activity is higher during the perception of motion than during blink perception.
		Dark color (intensity, 100%) indicates that the respective percept (motion, red; blinking, blue) was present at that functional volume on every one of the averaged time courses.
		Kolers PA (1972) In: Aspects of motion perception.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/9/RC219 (3916 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Memory-matches evoke human gamma-responses
		In addition, it has been shown that object perception seems to be a crucial factor for the presence of gamma activity [8].
		We assume that feedback loops from the memory system to perception mechanisms are responsible for this phenomenon.
		Even the notion that gamma activity might reflect aspects of consciousness [20,21] is supported by our data: During conscious states we always compare every perception to the contents of LTM [31] which yields the observed gamma activity.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/5/13 (3585 words)

	Sensation and Perception (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A first and seemingly immediate awareness, which more or less corresponds to the energy stimulation patterns, is referred to as "sensation".
		Below are what might appear as blobs of color when you first look at them.
		These blobs have been created to slow the perceptual process so that you can experience what typically occurs speedily in subjective time.
	dragon.uml.edu /psych/organize.html (276 words)

	Gatorsports.com :: 100 years of Gator Football
		There are indeed images in the brain but how or whether these become conscious experience is a mystery (see McGinn (1995)).
		"Mediate Factors in Perception," Essay 8 in The Philosophy of the Act, Charles W. Morris with John M. Brewster, Albert M. Dunham and David Miller (eds.), Chicago: University of Chicago, pp.
		Peters, G. "Theories of Three-Dimensional Object Perception - A Survey," Recent Research Developments in Pattern Recognition, Transworld Research Network.
	www.gatorsports.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?template=wiki&text=Philosophy_of_perception (2304 words)

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