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	Multistage rocket - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A multistage (or multi-stage) rocket is, like any rocket, propelled by the recoil pressure of the burning gases it emits as it burns fuel.
		The main reason for multi-stage rockets and boosters is that once the fuel is burnt, the space and structure which contained it and the motors themselves (in the case of liquid-fuelled rockets) are useless and only add weight to the vehicle which slows down its future acceleration.
		The earliest experiments with multistage rockets were made by Austrian Conrad Haas, the arsenal master of the town of Sibiu, Transylvania (now in Romania) in 1551.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multistage_rocket (715 words)

	Scout (rocket) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The rocket's first stage had four stabilizing fins, and the vehicle incorporated a gyro-based guidance system for attitude stabilization to keep the rocket on course.
		The XRM-90 was a four-stage rocket, which used the same stages as the basic NASA Scout.
		It was nevertheless not identical to the latter, because the 4th stage was hidden in a payload fairing with the same diameter as the 3rd stage, and the first stage nozzle used a flared tail skirt between the fins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Scout_(rocket) (995 words)

	Rocket Propulsion Fundamentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pressure inside the rocket combustion chamber pushes in all directions to form balanced pairs of opposing forces which nullify one another, except where the hole for the exhaust nozzle is placed.
		Both rockets and jets are based on the same principle that causes a toy balloon, carelessly released, to swing in kamikaze spirals around the dining room.
		A solid rocket rocket is like a slender tube filled with gunpowder; the fuel and oxidizer are mixed together in a rubbery cylindrical slug called the grain.
	www.aticourses.com /news/rockets.htm (456 words)

	NASA - Rocket
		Rockets 50 to 100 feet (15 to 30 meters) long serve as long-range missiles that can be used to bomb distant targets during wartime.
		Rockets are especially valuable for (1) military use, (2) atmospheric research, (3) launching probes and satellites, and (4) space travel.
		The temperature in the combustion chamber of a solid-propellant rocket ranges from 3000 to 6000 degrees F (1600 to 3300 degrees C).
	www.nasa.gov /lb/worldbook/rocket_worldbook.html (5182 words)

	Rocket Basics
		Interest in war rockets was revived during the early 1800's and they were developed and used extensively during what is known to military historians as the "Congreve Period." This interest was the direct result of the heavy damage suffered by British troops in military action against the native ruler, Hydar Ali, Prince of Mysore, India.
		Each time the rocket's flight deviates from the bounds of its allotted air space and touches the sides of the tube, a correction is made to move it back toward the tube's center, no matter whether it must be guided up or down, left to right.
		Certain types of rocket vehicles, however, cannot depend entirely upon airfoils for control, usually because they operate in the extreme upper atmosphere or in space, where airfoils are not effective, or because their launching speed is too low for airfoils to be effective.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/missile/docs/RocketBasics.htm (10727 words)

	Space history: Aviation, rocketry and pre-manned spaceflight history.
		The rocket researchers quickly outgrew their facilities in the outskirts of Berlin and, in 1936, operations were transferred to a remote island of Peenemuende on Germany's Baltic coast.
		It is the ancestor of practically every rocket flown in the world today and, in September of 1944, was launched against England toward London but came too late to affect the outcome of the war.
		By February of 1946 all the German rocket scientist were moved to White Sands, New Mexico and on April 16, 1945 the first of the captured V-2's was launched in the United States.
	www.thespaceplace.com /history/rocket2.html (2516 words)

	ORDERING INFORMATION
		Once these were finished they were glued to the rocket so that the seam was aligned with the centerline of the booster and so that the leading tip is even with the leading edge of the side tubes.
		When mounting the fins on this, or any other, multistage rocket, I’ve found that it is best to do it while all of the stages are fitted together.
		The assembly of this rocket can be tedious and time consuming, but when it is built with patience and care it will be one of the nicest rockets in your collection.
	www.skyhighhobbies.com /rocketkitreviews.htm (8900 words)

	multistage rocket
		The Japanese H-1 launch vehicle, developed from NASDA's N Rockets, was a three-stage rocket.
		The smallest of the operational Chinese Long March rockets.
		Rocket launch vehicle made up of several rocket stages (often three) joined end to end.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0006189.html (288 words)

	Rocket Propulsion
		The thrust force of a rocket motor is the reaction experienced by the motor structure due to ejection of the high velocity matter.
		The rocket and fuel have a total mass M and the combination is moving with velocity v as seen from a particular frame of reference.
		Multistage rocket performance is described by the same rocket equation as single-stage rockets, but must be determined on a stage-by-stage basis.
	www.braeunig.us /space/propuls.htm (4925 words)

	ch3-6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The study was based on three assumptions: (1) the orbiting vehicle would be a single-stage liquid propellant rocket, (2) the propellants would be liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, and (3) the exhaust velocity of the rocket would be 3240 meters per second at sea level and 4320 at very high altitude.
		The final report, appearing in July, stated that if the single-stage rocket was launched from sea level, the initial-to-final mass ratio must be 8.70; if launched from a high mountain (4300 m), the mass ratio could be decreased slightly.
		A multistage rocket using nitric acid and aniline (a combination in use at that time) was considered too large to be practical even for a 5-kilogram payload.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4404/ch3-6.htm (420 words)

	RocketModeler 1.2 beta
		When the blue "Launch Rocket" is pushed on the design screen, the graphics change to display the location and orientation of your rocket during flight.
		If you are designing a multistage rocket, you will need to check the stability of both the launch (upper stage plus booster) and the flight (upper stage only) configurations by using the menu button at the bottom.
		The drag coefficient is based on the cross sectional area of the rocket and has a default value of.7.
	exploration.grc.nasa.gov /education/rocket/rktsim1.html (1413 words)

	Multistage Rocket Equations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		So once you’ve computed q, you know how close your rocket comes to reaching terminal velocity (the point at which the wind resistance equals thrust, that is, you can’t GO faster than this).
		For single stage rockets this is no big deal because you never come close, but for multistage rockets, you may very nearly reach terminal velocity during boost.
		As I have done before, I will compute the mass of the whole rocket as the rocket's empty mass, plus all the motors still on board, minus half the propellant weight for the motor that's burning.
	my.execpc.com /~culp/rockets/multistg.html (889 words)

	Propulsion Division Progress Report: April 7, 1998
		An analysis was conducted to compare the mass of propellant needed for a chemical rocket to that needed for a nuclear rocket.
		In a multistage rocket, each stage is separated and discarded after the fuel in that stage has been consumed.
		These are good advantages of multistage rockets, however it would not be a good idea to use multistage rockets for either mission if they are both to use nuclear propulsion because there are still ethical questions about leaving any type of nuclear material in space.
	mmae.iit.edu /~MAE442/propprg5.htm (515 words)

	untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He came up with a multistage rocket- one rocket would boost a smaller one, or many various smaller ones.
		Goddard fired the first liquid rocket, which was fueled by using a combination of gasoline, and liquid oxygen in 1926; the Society for Space Travel used to fly their first liquid- fuel rocket in 1931.
		Many rockets carry different types of fuels that create the speed at which a rocket may be able to go.
	www.marquette.edu /eop/ubsp01/Team07/write.htm (1072 words)

	This New Ocean - Ch1-3
		So the rocket engine operates independently of its environment; in fact, its efficiency increases as it climbs away from the frictional density of the lower atmosphere to the thin air of the stratosphere and into the airlessness of space.
		Although fl-powder rockets, invented by the Chinese, had been used for centuries for festive and military purposes, not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries did imaginative individuals in various parts of the world begin seriously to consider the liquid-fueled rocket as a vehicle for spatial conveyance.
		Probably in 1954, development work began on a multistage rocket to be used both as a weapon and as a vehicle for space exploration.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4201/ch1-3.htm (2793 words)

	ch1
		The rate of thrust after ignition of the rocket could not be controlled; there was no guidance after the launch; the powder technology at the turn of the century seemed to dictate a missile with an optimum weight of about 68 kilograms (most were in the 14-23-kilogram category); and the range rarely exceeded 2700 meters.
		Visionaries who were thinking of using rockets for space exploration had to consider other sources for fuel, and there were still the problems of guidance, as well as the problem of human survival in the space environment.
		At the same time that powder rockets began to fall from favor in the late 19th century, a realistic theory and development of space flight, with a strong interest in new types of propellants, was beginning to evolve.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-4206/ch1.htm (7363 words)

	Spaceflight :Robert H. Goddard
		One was the first for a rocket using solid and liquid fuel, and the other for a multistage rocket.
		He succeeded in developing several types of solid-fuel rockets to be fired from handheld or tripod-mounted launching tubes, which formed the basis of the bazooka and other powerful rocket weapons of World War II.
		liquid rocket propulsion, theorizing that liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen were the best fuels, but learning that oxygen and gasoline were less volatile and therefore more practical.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/SPACEFLIGHT/Goddard/SP3.htm (1330 words)

	Rocket Equations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Multistage Rocket Equations: extension of the equations on this page to the problem of finding speed and altitude for multistage rockets.
		Barrowman Equations: determine the stability of your rocket by calculating the center of pressure - with spreadsheet example.
		Let's suppose the extreme case (for a model rocket) that the propellant is half the total weight of the rocket, or mp = mr = m.
	my.execpc.com /~culp/rockets/rckt_eqn.html (2888 words)

	US Unable To Discount DPRK Satellite Claim
		Pyongyang has said that Monday's launch of a multistage rocket was not a ballistic missile test but a successful launch of north Korea's first satellite.
		He explained that the final stage of the rocket, that presumably lifted P'yongyang's satellite into orbit, may have been too small for u.S. Radars to detect clearly.
		Pike also said the orbit north Korea claims to have put their satellite into is full of thousands of pieces of space junk, making it time-consuming, but not impossible for the space command to identify what, if it exists, is likely to be a satellite no larger than a small melon.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/dprk/1998/980905-dprk3.htm (504 words)

	Aeronautics - Dr. Robert H. Goddard
		From 1930 to 1935 he launched rockets that attained speeds of up to 550 miles an hour and heights of a mile and a half.
		He developed systems for steering a rocket in flight by using a rudder-like device to deflect the gaseous exhaust, with gyroscopes to keep the rocket headed in the proper direction.
		When German rocket experts were brought to America after the war and were questioned about rocketry, they stared in amazement and asked why American officials did not inquire of Goddard, from whom they had learned virtually all they knew.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/goddard.htm (876 words)

	NASA Glenn Learning Technologies Project (LTP)
		To eliminate the technological problems and cost of building giant one-piece rockets to reach outer space, NASA, as well as all other space fairing nations of the world have chosen to use a rocket technique that was invented by 16th-century fireworks maker Johann Schmidlap.
		When the larger rockets were exhausted, the smaller rocket climbed to even higher altitudes.
		Space rockets are often designed with three or four stages that each fire in turn to send a payload into orbit.
	www.lerc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/TRC/Rockets/balloon_staging.html (492 words)

	NASA Quest > Space Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This demonstration simulates a multistage rocket launch by using two inflated balloons that slide along a fishing line by the thrust produced from escaping air.
		This activity is a simple demonstration of rocket staging that Johann Schmidlap first proposed in the 16th century.
		In the typical rocket, the stages are mounted one on top of the other.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /space/teachers/rockets/act7.html (543 words)

	Space Exploration History: Explorer 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He wrote articles on rockets, orbiting space stations, and travel to the Moon for his high school journal, and he decided at that time that during the rest of his life, he wanted to help open the road for man's travel to his celestial neighbors.
		While von Braun developed long-range precision rockets under the Army's auspices in Peenemunde, he was not allowed to mention the use of such rockets for space exploration.
		Actually, the composite multistage Redstone rocket that he suggested for a satellite launch was also needed for another purpose: At that time, his team developed the 1600-mile Jupiter missile which needed a thermal protection for its nuclear warhead while it reentered the atmosphere at high speed.
	www.astrodigital.org /space/explorer1.html (797 words)

	The Rocketman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		While reading the book, Ky was intrigued by an article that showed a man sitting on top of a rocket on a chair wearing a leather helmet.
		From that day on, Ky has been fascinated with the fact that you could actually be launched into space with a rocket.
		Hear is a picture of his latest creation a rocket powered bike he calls Gizmo.
	www.the-rocketman.com /content12.html (547 words)

	[No title]
		According to a detailed report in a trade weekly publication, State Department officials said that the January 1989 test was the test of the Hatf-1 and Hatf-2, which were announced in February 1989.
		The report said that the Hatf-2 is the first stage of a planned multistage rocket to have a maximum range of 600 km.
		In a possible reference to the same rockets, in May 1990, SUPARCO announced that the "test firing of two versions of scientific rockets had been successfully carried out.
	dr.abdulqadeer.8m.net /hatf2.htm (214 words)

	Patents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This is the first US Patent for a functional multistage rocket which Mr.
		Goddard earned the title "Father of the Modern Rocket." There were 4 documents on file for this patent.
		This invention relates to a rocket apparatus and particularly to a form of such apparatus adapted to transport photographic or other recording instruments to extreme heights.
	patentmuseum.com /patents_l.asp?Thumb=046_5_sm (262 words)

	Dragon Models USA - 1/400 Saturn V Rocket (Multistage Diecast)
		The Saturn V (popularly known as the Moon Rocket) was a multistage liquid-fuel expendable rocket used by NASA's Apollo and Skylab programs.
		An average mission used the rocket for a total of about 20 minutes.
		NASA launched thirteen Saturn V rockets from 1967 to 1973, with a perfect launch record.
	www.dragonmodelsusa.com /dmlusa/prodd.asp?pid=DRW55732 (305 words)

	NASAexplores 5-8 Lesson: (Teacher Sheets)
		It is so efficient that it will be able to lift its payload into orbit without the help of booster rockets or any other type of staging.
		Note: The design sheet (see Student Sheets) is intended for an actual rocket design, not a balloon rocket.
		Ask each student to explain his or her rocket to the class.
	www.nasaexplores.com /show_58_teacher_st.php?id=021218140646&gl=k4 (472 words)

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