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Topic: Multithreading

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	Simultaneous multithreading - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simultaneous multithreading, often referred to as SMT, is a technique for improving the overall efficiency of the hardware that executes instructions in a computer.
		Normal multithreading operating systems allow multiple processes and threads to utilize the processor one at a time, giving its exclusive ownership to a particular thread for a time slice in the order of milliseconds.
		The Intel Pentium 4 was the first commercial processor to implement simultaneous multithreading, starting from the 3.06GHz model released in 2002, and since introduced into a number of their processors.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simultaneous_multithreading (854 words)

	Multithreading
		Multithreading tolerates latency by attempting to overlap the latency of one context with the computation of other concurrent contexts.
		The second advantage of multithreading is that it requires no software support (assuming the code is already parallelized), which as we mentioned in the previous section is only an advantage if the user is unwilling or unable to recompile old code.
		Multithreading has three limitations: (i) it relies on additional concurrency within an application, which may not exist; (ii) some amount of time is lost when switching between contexts; and (iii) to minimize context-switching overheads, a significant amount of hardware support is necessary.
	suif.stanford.edu /~tcm/thesis/subsection2_10_3_3.html (580 words)

	BibTeX bibliography multithreading.bib (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It is shown that a multithreaded processor exhibits three operating regimes: linear (efficiency is proportional to the number of threads), transition, and saturation (efficiency depends only on the remote reference rate and switch cost).
		Using this result, three operating regimes are identified for a multithreaded processor subject to long latencies: linear, where utilization is proportional to the number of threads per processor, saturation, where utilization is determined only by the run-length and switch cost, and transition between the other regimes.
		Multithreading is advantageous when one has large on-chip caches (32 kilobytes), associativity of two, and a memory access cost of roughly 50 instruction times.
	www.math.utah.edu /pub/tex/bib/multithreading.html (4208 words)

	Multithreading Applications - Windows NT Multithreaded Programming : Win32® Application Programming : California ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although multithreading as such is more general and is applicable to future implementations of the Win32 API as well, this discussion focuses primarily on Windows NT.
		Under the multithreaded execution scheme of Windows NT, this is not true because an application may lose its timeslice while it is in the middle of processing a message.
		When do we multithreading in our application—whenever there is a true case of background processing (that is, a sequence of code that does not require user interaction and can run independent of whatever happens in the foreground), multithreading is very likely to help your application respond and perform better.
	www.cswl.com /whiteppr/white/multithreading.html (3251 words)

	[SDL] Multithreading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multithreading obviously adds >complexity and a lot of extra work for the programmers involved in the >project.
		Remember, multithreaded code means that there are _no_ order-of-processing guarantees, so your data _will_ be in an inconsistent state if you need to access it through anything but the 'owning' thread.
		In a multithreaded environment, you stand to lose nothing by having a thread wait on each event to come in.
	www.libsdl.org /pipermail/sdl/2002-August/047999.html (611 words)

	A multithreaded PowerPC processor for commercial servers
		Multithreading has previously been shown to increase throughput in the presence of pipeline dependencies and cache misses [57].
		In coarse-grained multithreading, a single thread, called the foreground thread, executes until some long-latency event such as a cache miss occurs, causing execution to switch to the background thread.
		The throughput benefit of coarse-grained multithreading is largely a function of the portion of the execution time that is consumed by cache misses.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/446/borkenhagen.html (8496 words)

	IBM furthers multithreading revolution - ZDNet UK News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Simultaneous multithreading essentially allows a chip to run two applications, or two "threads" of the same application, at the same time -- thereby reducing the time it requires to complete a task.
		Multithreading and multicore chips have moved to the forefront of chip design, as engineers have wrestled with ways to boost chip performance without drastically increasing energy consumption.
		At the heart of multithreading is the concept of reducing idleness.
	news.zdnet.co.uk /hardware/chips/0,39020354,39115820,00.htm (646 words)

	Fundamentals Of Multithreading - SystemLogic.net
		Multithreaded programs must be written to be as parallel as possible.
		To create a linear speedup (a performance increase of X due to having X processors), generally all of the code must be written in a parallel manner (generally, and not explicitly always, due to other circumstances discussed later).
		The assumption about latencies is important, because it is twofold: one, the program will have the same latencies to all processors; and two, the latencies themselves are not, in fact, exacerbated by the presence of the other processors executing their code.
	www.systemlogic.net /articles/01/6/multithreading (841 words)

	[No title]
		My goal is to present multithreading in an approachable way that addresses a very common need: writing applications with a user interface that remain responsive to the user.
		Multithreading is often associated with server-side software, scalability, and performance technology.
		The System.Windows.Forms.Timer has a clear benefit over its multithreaded counterpart: since it is not multithreaded, it does not call you back on another thread, but rather uses your main thread which is pumping window messages for your application.
	msdn.microsoft.com /msdnmag/issues/04/01/NET/default.aspx (4199 words)

	Multithreading in C# (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multithreading in C# By Paul Deitel, Harvey Deitel, Jeffrey Listfield, Tem Nieto, Cheryl Yaeger, Marina Zlatkina.
		Multithreading is available to all.NET programming languages, including C#, Visual Basic and Visual C++.
		In a multithreaded application, threads can share a processor (or set of processors), so that multiple tasks are performed in parallel.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=31093 (733 words)

	ASYNCHRONY IN PARALLEL COMPUTING: FROM DATAFLOW TO MULTITHREADING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multithreaded processors tolerate memory latencies by overlapping the long-latency operations of one thread with the execution of other threads - in contrast to the multiprocessor chip approach.
		The simultaneous multithreading or multithreaded superscalar approach [152, 194, 195, 221, 222] combines a wide issue superscalar instruction dispatch with the multiple context approach by providing several register sets on the multiprocessor and issuing instructions from several instruction queues simultaneously.
		Multithreaded Superscalar (Sigmund & Ungerer): While the simultaneous multithreading approach [222] surveys enhancements of the Alpha 21164 processor, the multithreaded superscalar processor approach from the University of Karlsruhe [194, 195] is based on a simplified PowerPC 604 processor.
	www-csd.ijs.si /silc/pdcp.html (14669 words)

	How to Synchronize Access to a Shared Resource in a Multithreading Environment by Using Visual C# .NET
		Multithreading can start different threads to complete different tasks at the same time.
		Multithreading also improves the performance and responsiveness of your applications.
		This article describes some common scenarios with multithreading programming, and explains how to synchronize the access to a shared resource among the multiple threads.
	support.microsoft.com /default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;816161 (829 words)

	Hyper-Threading - Wikipedia
		Als Hyper-Threading Technologie (HTT) (abgeleitet von Multithreading) bezeichnet Intel seine Implementierung von Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) in den Prozessoren Pentium 4 und Xeon.
		Andere Prozessoren mit Simultaneous Multithreading können, müssen aber nicht eine vergleichbare Aufteilung verwenden.
		Multithreading (hardwareseitig), Simultaneous Multithreading, Nebenläufigkeit, Parallelisierung, Pipeline-Architektur, Multi-Core
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyperthreading (608 words)

	ERCB: DDJ Programmer's Bookshelf September 1998
		The strength of Object-Oriented Multithreading Using C++ is in its examination of the use of multithreading techniques and principles for objects and class libraries.
		A multithreaded programmer must have the ability to move from one platform to another with ease.
		Multithreading Programming Techniques is organized in such a way that if you are interested only in the POSIX- and UNIX-based threads, you only need to read those chapters.
	www.ercb.com /ddj/1998/ddj.9809.html (1351 words)

	Simultaneous Multithreading home page
		Simultaneous multithreading is a processor design that combines hardware multithreading with superscalar processor technology to allow multiple threads to issue instructions each cycle.
		Unlike other hardware multithreaded architectures (such as the Tera MTA), in which only a single hardware context (i.e., thread) is active on any given cycle, SMT permits all thread contexts to simultaneously compete for and share processor resources.
		Simultaneous multithreading has already had impact in both the academic and commercial communities.
	www.cs.washington.edu /research/smt (1792 words)

	What Is Multithreading? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The multithreaded execution model combines the exploitation of program locality offered by the von Neumann model with the latency tolerance via task switching of the dataflow model.
		The result of multithreading is that dataflow execution occurs between threads while von Neumann execution occurs within a thread.
		In summary, the objective of multithreading is to combine the efficient instruction level locality of the von Neumann model and the latency tolerance and efficient synchronization of the dataflow model.
	www.ece.gatech.edu /research/pica/compiler/mthread.htm (741 words)

	Multithreading Part 4: The ThreadPool, Timer Classes and Asynchronous Programming Discussed
		Using the Thread class to create and manage threads is ideal for situations when the number of threads is small and you want to control the thread details like the thread priority etc. For large number of threads, it is always better to consider thread pooling.
		Thread pooling is a form of multithreading where tasks are added to a queue and automatically started as threads are created.
		Polling is not a very proficient way of administering threads as it unnecessary consumes a lot of resources by continually checking the status of an asynchronous call from within a loop.
	www.c-sharpcorner.com /Code/2002/April/MtP4MtVsMt.asp (2057 words)

	Safe, Really Simple Multithreading in Windows Forms 2.0
		Much of this work involves dealing with ensuring safe multithreading, which means avoiding writing code that directly manipulates controls on the UI thread from the worker thread.
		Chris Sells shows how to implement a safe, simple multithreading solution for Windows Forms, although it takes a three-part series (see References section), which is a testament to the effort involved.
		My favorite example of this goal to date is the BackgroundWorker, which repackages the multithreading infrastructure (not unlike the solution Chris offers) into a single, reusable component that you can drag onto your forms from the Toolbox.
	www.mikedub.net /mikeDubSamples/SafeReallySimpleMultithreadingInWindowsForms20/SafeReallySimpleMultithreadingInWindowsForms20.htm (1466 words)

	Get Started with Multithreading in .NET
		Understanding threads, using modern operating system's multithreading capabilities properly, is a fundamental step toward creating fast, responsive applications.
		To understand the power of multithreading you need to know something about how the Windows operating system works under the hood.
		My approach to these potential problems is to use multithreading only when it provides a clear advantage, and then to use a few threads as possible.
	www.devx.com /dotnet/article/7003 (1202 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: .NET Multithreading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Covering the topics related to multithreaded development, this book not only focuses on how a task is performed but also on the more important question of why these tasks are performed.
		The strengths and weaknesses of each approach to multithreading are analyzed so that programmers and developers can choose the appropriate approach based on their particular constraints.
		Complete coverage of multithreading development using the.NET framework in both Visual Basic.NET and C# is provided in addition to detailed analyses of threads, delegates, asynchronous execution, threadpools, and locks.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1930110545?v=glance (1588 words)

	Chapter 8 -- Multithreading (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multithreaded programs are similar to the single-threaded programs that you have been studying.
		Multithreading differs from multiprogramming in that multithreading provides concurrency within the context of a single process and multiprogramming provides concurrency between processes.
		Multithreading also requires less processing overhead than multiprogramming because concurrent threads are able to share common resources more easily.
	kia.etel.ru /lib/javadev/ch8.htm (2806 words)

	CodeGuru: Multithreading in .NET Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Multithreading is a powerful tool for creating high performance applications, especially those that require user interaction.
		Programming and debugging is more complex — With multithreaded applications the programmer must account for race conditions and deadlocks.
		The only difference is that when the "Run Multithreaded" button is pressed the method is executed in a new thread.
	www.codeguru.com /net_general/Threading.html (2247 words)

	Multithreading in C# and .NET
		This is simple multithreading application that sort integers values in an array.
		There are many occasions when programmers need to develop multithreading applications, which can load big files in the background and let the user do data entry or other jobs without any interruption.
		Multithreading Part 1: Multitasking and Multithreading by Manish Mehta.
	www.c-sharpcorner.com /Multithreading.asp (841 words)

	Wlodek M Zuberek: comparison of block multithreading with (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A slight advantage of block multithreading (plot (2)) disappears when pipeline stalls are taken into account (plot (3)).
		Again, the processor utilization for interleaved multithreading (plot (1)) is slightly outperformed by block multithreading without pipeline stalls (plot (2)), but when pipeline stalls are included (plot (3)), interleaved multithreading performs better than block multithreading.
		The results indicate that there is no significant performance difference between the two architectures, with interleaved multithreading slightly outperforming block multithreading when pipeline stalls are taken into account.
	www.cs.mun.ca /~wlodek/research/proj-multi-mult-d.html (179 words)

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