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	Multiversion concurrency control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, in the field of databases, multiversion concurrency control (abbreviated MCC or MVCC) is a concurrency control method commonly used by database management systems to provide concurrent access to the database.
		MCC ensures a transaction never has to wait for a database object and to maintain several versions of an object.
		MCC is particularly adept at implementing true snapshot isolation, something which other methods of concurrency control frequently do either incompletely or with high performance cost.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Multiversion_concurrency_control (618 words)

	Concurrency Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Concurrency control is especially applicable to database management systems, which must ensure that transactions are executed safely and that they follow the ACID rules, as described in the following section.
		All the currently implemented lock-based and almost all the implemented non-lock based concurrency controls will guarantee that the resultant schedule is conflict serializable; however, there are many academic texts encouraging view serializable schedules for environments where gains due to improvement in concurrency outstrip overheads in generating schedule plans.
		Optimistic Concurrency Control is based on the assumption that database transactions mostly don't conflict with other transactions, and that allows OCC to be as permissive as possible in allowing transactions to execute.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/51/concurrency-control.html (1012 words)

	php-deluxe.net - description InterBase
		This approach to concurrency control is called multiversion concurrency control.
		Multiversion concurrency control also makes true snapshot transaction Isolation (computer science) relatively simple to implement.
		Multiversion concurrency control is described in some detail in sections 4.3 and 5.5 of the 1981 paper Concurrency Control in Distributed Database Systems by Philip Bernstein and Nathan Goodman -- then employed by the Computer Corporation of America.
	www.php-deluxe.net /encyclopedia,index.page,InterBase.htm (1207 words)

	Multiversion Concurrency Control Before InterBase
		Multiversion concurrency control is described in some detail 4.3 and 5.5 of this 1981 paper by Philip Bernstein and Nathan Goodman -- then employed by the Computer Corporation of America.
		It seems that the idea of multiversion concurrency control and recovery is somewhat older than InterBase, at least insofar as discussion in technical papers is concerned.
		He had published a claiming there only two or three four ways to concurrency control, only so many ways to recovery, etc., so there were only a small number of ways to write a database system, so people were wasting their time thinking out it any.
	blogs.teamb.com /craigstuntz/archive/2005/02/18/MultiversionConcurrencyControlBeforeInterBase.aspx (1113 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "InterBase" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		InterBase's implementation of multiversion concurrency control is commonly called its multi-generational architecture.
		Multiversion concurrency control also makes true snapshot transaction isolation relatively simple to implement.
		Borland released InterBase 7.1 in June of 2003, 7.5 in December of 2004, and 7.5.1 on June 1, 2005.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=inter%42ase (1256 words)

	Citations: Multiversion Concurrency Control -- Theory and Algorithms - Bernstein, Goodman (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Bernstein and N. Goodman, "Multiversion concurrency control---theory and algorithms," ACM Trans.
		....Herlihy proposes optimistic concurrency control techniques for abstract data types [Her90] Due to the close relationship between abstract data types (ADTs) and objects, Herlihy s results are also applicable to objects.
		In the existing concurrency control protocols based on multiversions such as MV2PL and MVTO, only the most recently committed versions of data items are used and the history such as H 2 cannot be generated.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/66385/0 (2983 words)

	Multiversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Multiversion Query Locking Multiversion Query Locking Multiversion two-phase locking (MV2PL) has been incorporated in some commercial transaction processing systems to support the serializable execution of queries.
		This method is not better than Multiversion, and Multiversion's algorithm can be improved vastly by using cmd...
		Multiversion concurrency control is described in some detail 4.3 and 5.5 of this 1981 paper by...
	transactionprocessingsystems.feusprocessing.com /multiversion (648 words)

	Parallel and Distributed Computing Practices: Volume 4 No. 1: abstracts
		Compared to a widely used multiversion (MV) concurrency control scheme based on timestamps order, the VT synchronization scheme is shown to yield about 25-30% reduction in the response time.
		The reason for choosing multiversion concurrency control as the basis for comparison is that both VT and MV protocols are based upon the concept of timestamps, and attain high performance by using multiple version of data objects.
		The control of the aircraft is transferred among airports as the aircraft fly to different airports.
	www.scpe.org /vols/vol04/vol04no1abs.html (1258 words)

	UNIT 9 - Concurrency Control - Extend 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When a transaction requires access to an item, an appropriate version is chosen to maintain the serializability of the concurrently executing schedule, if possible.
		An obvious drawback of multiversion techniques is that more storage is needed to maintain multiple versions of the database items.
		In such cases, there is no additional penalty for multiversion techniques, since older versions are already maintained.
	www.cs.uct.ac.za /mit_notes_devel/Database/Latest/Unit09/extend_2.htm (177 words)

	Search the web: multiversion LinkedWords™ Contextually find and manage web information
		Multiversion concurrency control is described in some detail in sections 4.3 and
		Multiversion Concurrency Control (MVCC) is an advanced technique for improving
		The main difference between multiversion and lock models is that in MVCC...
	www.linkedwords.com /websearch/index.php?REQ=multiversion (328 words)

	Data Concurrency
		Therefore, control of data concurrency and data consistency is vital in a multi-user database.
		In other words, concurrent transactions executing in serializable mode are only permitted to make database changes the could have made if the transactions had been scheduled to execute one after another.
		Oracle automatically uses different types of locks to control concurrent access to data and to prevent destructive interaction between users.
	www.helsinki.fi /~atkk_klp/oradoc/DOC/server/doc/SCN73/ch10.htm (8694 words)

	Real-time Databases for Engine Control
		In the vehicular subsystems, denoted ECU - electronic control unit, it is important to use fresh and accurate values when taking decisions or controlling the external environmnet via actuators.
		The read and write operations in the API know about how long a data value lives, i.e., its absolute validity interval, and it is possible to put constraints on all the data that a transaction uses, that is, the API also has support for the relative validity interval.
		A general multiversion concurrency control with similarity (MVTO-S), i.e., validity bounds are used, has been developed.
	www.ida.liu.se /labs/rtslab/projects/ISIS_DB_EngineControl/main2.html (1561 words)

	Concurrency (Multi-User access) and Locking
		One of the key functions of a database is to ensure that multiple users can read and write to the database without overwriting each other's changes inadvertently or reading inconsistent data due to in-progress changes.
		Oracle guarantees that the set of data seen by a statement is consistent with respect to a single point in time and does not change during statement execution.
		To manage the multiversion consistency model, Oracle must create a read-consistent set of data when a table is being queried (read) and simultaneously updated (written).
	www.ss64.com /orasyntax/10locking.html (1289 words)

	Advanced Transactions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In addition, when a multidatabase MVCC snapshot is being taken concurrently with the commit of an update transaction, and the intersection of the snapshot's data with the update transaction's written data spans more than one server, a delay may occur while the servers determine whether the update is or is not visible in the snapshot.
		For propagates that consist of a single disk write (that is, propagation of data that is contiguous in the database), this specifies the number of sectors to propagate (the default is 512).
		Transactions under the control of a transaction manager are made through a two-phase commit process.
	www.cse.secs.oakland.edu /mili/objectstore6doc/ostore/doc/user2/advtrans.htm (4772 words)

	Multiversion Integrated Concurrency Control for Hard Real-Time Systems (ResearchIndex)
		The new protocol is based on a combination of protocols originally developed for database systems, but is extended to permit predictable low-overhead implementation with analytical guarantees of worstcase blocking when used with rate-monotonic scheduling.
		36 The implementation of an integrated concurrency control and..
		24 Multiversion concurrency control --- theory and algorithms (context) - Bernstein, Goodman - 1983
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /shu92multiversion.html (427 words)

	CONCURRENCY CONTROL IN DATABASE SYSTEMS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The problems and solutions of database concurrency control are applicable in a number of other computer based systems where shared data control is necessary.
		The module presents a simple database model that is used for considering concurrency control.
		Each transaction consists of a number of atomic operations and concurrency is achieved by interleaving the atomic operations of different transactions.
	www.cs.nott.ac.uk /Modules/0001/G53CDB.html (279 words)

	SIGMOD Conference 1989: 408-417
		Divyakant Agrawal, Soumitra Sengupta: Modular Synchronization in Multiversion Databases: versionControl and Concurrency Control.
		In this paper we propose a version control mechanism that enhances the modularity and extensibility of multiversion concurrency control algorithms.
		Philip A. Bernstein, Nathan Goodman: Multiversion Concurrency Control - Theory and Algorithms.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/conf/sigmod/AgrawalS89.html (750 words)

	Schemes for Snapshot Advancement for Multiversion Concurrency Control
		Multiversion concurrency control is the primary approach to addressing the issue of interference between concurrent update transactions and read-only queries (1).
		By maintaining multiple versions of data objects, interference between them can be reduced or eliminated: update transactions create a new version of an object upon each update, while queries access an old, but consistent, version (2,3).
		multiversioning, a finite number of logical versions for each page is
	www.priorartdatabase.com /IPCOM/000108261 (578 words)

	Alternative Correctness Criteria for Multiversion Concurrency Control and a Locking Protocol via Freezing - Park, Park ...
		Abstract: Concurrency control protocols based on multiversions have been used in some commercial transaction processing systems in order to provide the serializable executions of transactions.
		In the existing protocols, transactions are allowed to read only the most recent version of each data item in order to ensure the correct execution of transactions.
		24 Multiversion Concurrency Control - Theory and Algorithms (context) - Bernstein, Goodman - 1983 DBLP
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /park98alternative.html (548 words)

	MIT CSAIL Research Abstracts
		In addition to managing the movement of data to and from memory, programs must also use a mechanism for concurrency control to avoid data races between concurrent operations.
		LibXac uses a multiversion concurrency control algorithm that ensures that transactions always see a consistent view of the transactional file, even if the transaction aborts.
		For durable transactions, this feature allows multiple concurrent transactions to log their changes to disk using the same synchronous disk write.
	publications.csail.mit.edu /abstracts/abstracts06/sukhaj/sukhaj.html (694 words)

	SIGMOD Conference 1992: 320
		Traditional concurrency control protocols (CCPS) can slow down the overall system performance of an ODB to the point where it has no real performance advantages over non-ODB products.
		The ONTOS approach to concurrency control is based on the notion of an explicit serialization graph.
		We argue that the technique permits greater concurrency over a well defined class of transaction histories, and is particularly well suited for use in distributed environments.
	www.vldb.org /dblp/db/conf/sigmod/HarrisRW92.html (560 words)

	Effective Optimistic Concurrency Control in Multiversion Object Bases - Graham, Barker (ResearchIndex)
		In this paper we examine the use of versioned objects in object bases for the purpose of enhancing concurrency.
		A practical optimistic concurrency control protocol for multiversion objects is...
		...verson concurrency control in conventional databases [1] is well understood.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /graham94effective.html (698 words)

	Modular Synchronization in Distributed, Multiversion Databases: Version Control and Concurrency Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A version control mechanism is proposed that enhances the modularity and extensibility of multiversion concurrency control algorithms.
		The multiversion algorithms are decoupled into two components: version control and concurrency control.
		It is shown that the same interface can be used by the database actions of both two-phase locking and time-stamp concurrency control protocols to access multiversion data.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/trans/tk/&toc=comp/trans/tk/1993/01/k1toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/69.204097 (601 words)

	PODS 1988: 135-141
		We propose a new algorithmic framework for database concurrency control using multiple versions of data items and a serialization graph of the transactions as a synchronization technique, which generalizes all concurrency control methods known so far.
		This class of algorithms, called MVSGA for MultiVersion Serialization Graph set of Algorithms, works by monitoring the acyclicity of the serialization graph which has nodes corresponding to transactions and arcs corresponding to read-from and other transaction positioning decisions made by the scheduler.
		Kung, Christos H. Papadimitriou: An Optimality Theory of Concurrency Control for Databases.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/conf/pods/Hadzilacos88.html (565 words)

	Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Philip A. Bernstein, Nathan Goodman: An Algorithm for Concurrency Control and Recovery in Replicated Distributed Databases.
		Ray Ford, Jim Calhoun: Concurrency Control Mechanisms and the Serializability of Concurrent Tree Algorithms.
		Christos H. Papadimitriou: The Theory of Database Concurrency Control.
	www.acm.org /turing/sigmod/dblp/db/books/dbtext/bernstein87.html (4250 words)

	RR-2519 : Optimizing Active Database Transactions Using an Extended Multiversion Concurrency Control Protocol
		These read operations may entail inter-transactions blockings, thereby degrading the performance of active database applications.
		We propose a slight extension of the classical multiversion two phase locking (MV2PL) protocol whereby these reads access versions and do not take locks.
		Nous proposons une légère extension du contrôle de concurrence multiversion classique (MV2PL) qui permet à ces lectures d'accéder des versions sans verrouiller les données.
	www.inria.fr /rrrt/rr-2519.html (457 words)

	Data Concurrency and Consistency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Therefore, control of data concurrency and data consistency is vital in a multiuser database.
		Complete isolation of concurrently running transactions could mean that one transaction cannot perform an insert into a table being queried by another transaction.
		Serializable isolation permits concurrent transactions to make only those database changes they could have made if the transactions had been scheduled to execute one after another.
	www.usd.edu /oracle/doc/server.817/a76965/c23cnsis.htm (7849 words)

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