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	Mummerstrut.com - Mummers Fest and Fancy Brigade Finale Philadelphia, PA
		The best parade in America is held on the first day of the New Year in Philadelphia.
		The New Year's Day Mummers Parade is where more than 12,000 men, women and children prance, dance and strut up - never down - the street.
		The revelry may last one day, but Mummer clubs work 365 days per year.
	www.mummersstrut.com (129 words)

	Mummers Troupe: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		The Mummers Troupe founded the Resource Centre for the Arts, and helped purchase, renovate and develop the LSPU Hall as a downtown St. John's performance centre.
		The LSPU Hall was purchased and renovated by the Mummer's Troupe.
		Several Mummers Troupe productions went on to do provincial and national tours, and indeed the troupe was always committed to taking their collective theatre out of the major cities such as St. John's and into the smaller communities around Newfoundland and Labrador.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /arts/mummersprof.html (646 words)

	Ashdown Mummers What is a Mummers play
		The Mummers' Play is a folk tale developed from a pre-Christian fertility rite or pagan ritual and was popular throughout England in various forms and with different names.
		The word Mummers refers to a group who are Mumming, and this didn't always involve a play.
		This particular version of the Mummers' Play was painstakingly recovered from village archives in the 1970s and has been performed every Christmastide since 1973.
	www.mummers.org.uk /whatismum.html (280 words)

	Eydon Mummers Homepage
		Eydon Mummers was formed (revived?) at the end on 1991 by a group of villagers and friends, when a copy of the traditional Eydon Mummers Play became available.
		Mummers' plays are a last vestige of the old fertility rites performed in mid-winter to bring life back to the world.
		There are over 900 Mummers' plays of one sort or another recorded in Britain and the names of the Hero and Villain reflect local traditions.
	www.eydon.org.uk /mummers (737 words)

	§11. Development of the Mummers’ Play. II. Secular Influences on the Early English Drama. Vol. 5. The Drama ...
		In them, the central incident is still the killing and restoring to life of one of the characters, and there is still enough dancing to show their descent from the sword-dance.
		It is very seldom that anything more than a passing reference to the exploits of the saint is found in the mummers’ play; and, though the dragon appears here and there, the contest with him is never the main point of the action.
		It is possible that the sword-dance, in its development into the mummers’ play, was influenced by these “ridings” and by the miracle-plays.
	www.bartleby.com /215/0211.html (634 words)

	Mummers Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
		The Mummer Museum sits on a slightly crusty street in south Philadelphia, an area that is home to many of the tradition's hard core veterans.
		The history section reminds that women were banned from the Mummers parade until 1983, but have a long history of sneaking in.
		(Mummers Museum: 1100 South 2nd St., Philadelphia, PA [Show Map] Directions: On the south side of the city, at the corner of 2nd St. and Washington Ave.
	www.roadsideamerica.com /attract/PAPHImummer.html (602 words)

	Realmslore: The Scarlet Mummers
		The Scarlet Mummers got their name from the disguise used by the first Mummers to descend on Loviatans in Selgaunt.
		Among Mummers, there's an informal hierarchy -- overriden by Lliira whenever she sees operational need -- based on merit (past performance as a Mummer).Most hold ranks within the church of the Joybringer, but their roles as Mummers supercede these ranks.
		Veteran Mummers recruit good-in-action Lliiran clergy or devout worshippers (that is, individuals who strongly revere Lliira, venerating her before all other deities) to become Mummers.
	www.wizards.com /default.asp?x=dnd/rl/20061115a (1003 words)

	Mummers
		One of the earliest known accounts of a mummers' parade was written by Dr. Henry Muhlenberg, who established the Lutheran Church in America.
		He wrote in 1839: "Men met on the roads in Tinicum and Kingsessing, who were disguised as clowns, shouting at the top of their voices and shooting guns.
		The burlesquing of their fashionable mummers' play and the increasing number of the fl-faced revelers, offended the "Social Leaders" of the day.
	www.stringband.com /mummer.htm (844 words)

	The Mummers Museum - Philadelphia New Year's Parade (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Philadelphia Mummers Parade is a 12 hour long gala held in Philly each new years day.
		The mummers are split in 4 divisions, comics, fancies, string bands and fancy brigades.
		A mummer is dressed in all sorts of costumes like clowns wenches and dudes.
	www.riverfrontmummers.com /museum.html (107 words)

	mummers
		The use of masks, or other disguises (mummers are also known as “guisers” or “guyzers” in many parts of Europe) is older than the content of the plays and may well represent one of the oldest known forms of theurgy in existence.
		In a mummer’s play, a mime’s performance, or a guizer’s dance, each role is indicated not by the words, but by the masks and clothing that are worn.
		When you recognize a Fool by his motley and bells, or groan at the sight of a mime fighting his way into an invisible headwind, you are bridging the ages: participating in an act that pulled communities together in the dark of the year, performances that brought back the light.
	www.othergods.org /NOG%20Imb02/mummers.html (691 words)

	Mummers
		Mummers, as most readers know, are a British Isles tradition in which grown men (and more recently, women) disguise themselves, act extremely silly, then ask for money.
		Although the records of 16th and 17th century England are filled with references to mummers, this ancient performance of death and resurrection is never mentioned.
		Closely connected to the mummers, although in an obscure fashion, are the Wren Boys.
	members.fortunecity.com /kitsimpson/NewMummers.html (861 words)

	Mummers' Plays - Icons of England (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are the usual "pantomime" characters - St George - the hero, the dark knight and the dragon - the baddies, a princess, the good doctor and his assistant and lots of other miscellaneous parts.
		Mummers' Plays have been performed in England for hundreds of years.
		Though somewhat reduced from their mid 19th Century peak, when almost every village had its own play, mummers plays can still be seen in England?s village pubs at Christmas time.
	www.icons.org.uk /nom/nominations/mummer-s-plays/comments (262 words)

	Mummers Plays
		The Mummers Play is a folk play popular througout the whole of England in various forms and has a strong history and presence in Sussex today.
		The roots of the Mummers Play, though thankfully not as vague as the roots of Morris Dancing with which it is most often associated today, is still not entirely clear.
		The Mummers Plays of today started later on, perhaps as a form of cadging where people dressed in masks and appropriate attire would tour the local area performing a play, sometimes in the houses of the more wealthy folk, often the local manor, to collect money or food.
	www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk /aspen/sussex/mumming.html (2514 words)

	North Devon Mummers (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mummers plays are the descendants of ancient rituals that were performed at particular seasons throughout the year.
		The North Devon Mummers play is a midwinter play the text of which was changed to it's present form in mediaeval times.
		The Mummers will be at the Crown West Down on Monday 20th December and at other locations throughout North Devon over the holiday period.
	www.ilfracom.org.uk /westdown/tourism/north_devon_mummers.htm (213 words)

	Mimes and Mummers Celebrate 150 Years
		The 150th anniversary gala celebration of the Mimes and Mummers, Rose Hill’s theater troupe, was held in Collins Auditorium on Saturday, April 8, 2006.
		Interspersed between the numbers were special tributes in memory of Collins legend Vaughn Deering, who served as a speech instructor and the troupe’s artistic director during the 1950s and 1960s, and to John Leonard, S.J., who commemorates his 60th year of involvement in theater at Collins and Fordham Prep this year.
		The Mimes and Mummers Alumni Association was formed in 2004 to bring Mimes alumni back in touch with each other and with Fordham, and to provide a mentoring network to current students pursuing the performing arts or any other kind of career.
	www.fordham.edu /campus_resources/public_affairs/fordham_magazine/fordham_online/mimes_and_mummers_ce_23700.asp (583 words)

	The Mummers Parade :: gophila.com - The Official Visitor Site for Greater Philadelphia
		New Year’s Day is about celebrating, and there’s no better place to fete than at the Philadelphia’s Mummers Parade, a 106-year-old tradition in which 10,000 men and women dressed in colorfully lavish costumes twirl, sashay, pirouette and strut up one of the city’s main streets.
		Mummers are men and women of all ages who belong to one of 44 social clubs that make up the organization.
		But Mummers do perform at other events throughout the year, and for many Philadelphia-area families, Mummery is a tradition that spans generations.
	www.gophila.com /C/Philadelphia_Holiday_Festival/497/U/The_Mummers_Parade/1489.html (685 words)

	CROOKHAM MUMMERS
		The simple fact that the approaching party were recognised and welcomed speaks volumes for how much Crookham Mummers are a part of the local community.
		It's traditional for one of the mummers to attempt to acquire a free round of drinks.
		In general, mummers' plays don't make sense until you've had a bit to drink anyway.
	dspace.dial.pipex.com /town/avenue/pd49/morris/events/mummers/crookham.htm (448 words)

	Canamedia - Canadian Content Catalogue - Documentary - Mummers & Masks
		In the 1970's, the practice of mummers roaming the country and invading houses wearing masks, virtually disappeared as sectarian violence took root.
		In Dingle, in southern Ireland, the mummers are known as wren boys, and once upon a time cavorted around with a dead wren tied to a holly branch.
		In Minehead, England, the local hobby horse (a close relative to the hobby horse that came over with Sir Humphrey Gilbert when he planted the British flag in St. John's in 1583) not only assists with the fertility of the land, it is also called upon to assist with the fertility of humans.
	www.canamedia.com /show_pages/catalogue_can_docu_mummersandmasks.html (388 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Mummers parade
		The Mummers Parade is held each New Year's Day in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
		The first official Mummers Parade was on January 1, 1901, but reports of rowdy groups "parading" on New Year's Day in Philadelphia date back to before the American Revolution.
		More information, including parade history, recent winners and the Mummers Museum, can be found on the city's Mummers Parade Page.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Mummers_parade (284 words)

	The Lords of Misrule and Mummers - Associated Content
		The word mummer is derived from the two Danish words mumme and momme; they both mean to dress up in a costume or a masque.
		This activity with the “anything goes” attitude was a prelude to the Lords of Misrule and Mummers.
		When mummers and the Lords of Misrule began to display their uninhibited behavior in the newly developed New England colony area of America, the straight-laced Puritans were not amused.
	www.associatedcontent.com /article/64735/the_lords_of_misrule_and_mummers.html (513 words)

	explore - Travel in Philadelphia \| Mummers
		Myths about the Philadelphia Mummers are as diverse as the many immigrants that filled the city from Europe hundreds of years ago.
		Most Mummer music is fl and it is ironic that no fl Mummer brigades march today, although they did in the past.
		Mummer costumes are costly to make (fitting a String Band can top $100,000), although most performers return to their day jobs the next day.
	www.explore.ie /world/article.php?ID=50 (738 words)

	Reason Magazine - The Mummers and the Media
		The Mummers are a model." Then he picked a few notes on his banjo.
		The Mummers Parade is a Philadelphia tradition, with roots in European festivals, American minstrel shows, and the blue-collar neighborhoods of the city.
		Younger listeners aren't developing the same radio-listening habits as their elders, and it isn't just the smaller broadcast companies that are feeling scared.
	www.reason.com /links/links100603.shtml (1942 words)

	WheatonArts - Mummers Masks and Costumes
		They had to chase away the bad forces and to be protected against their influence.
		“Mummer” comes from the Old French word “momer”, which means: “to wear a mask”.
		Philadelphia style mummers costumes over a period of 120 years as well as costumes from other countries are on display.
	www.wheatonvillage.org /downjersey/exhibitions/past/mummers (250 words)

	Stony Stratford Mummers
		Stony Stratford Mummers was formed when a group of dedicated folkies decided that they would entertain those in the local hostelries at Christmas time.
		It was in the year 1973 that Stony Stratford Mummers was born.
		Stony Stratford Mummers perform a hero combat play in winter and on the occasions we perform in the summers months for special local events, we perform a wooing play.
	www.olioweb.me.uk /stonymummers/htmlfiles/aboutus.html (369 words)

	mummers.htm
		Mummers (sometimes called Guisers, Christmas Rhymers or even 'Morris Dancers' though they might not actually dance) may be as old as the Morris tradition itself.
		Like the dancing, Mummers' plays are thought by many to celebrate the turning of the yearly seasons.
		In 'hero' type Mummers' plays such as Tarka's version, there is always at least one character who is first killed, is restored to life, and then is killed again.
	www.tarkamorrismen.org.uk /mummers.htm (561 words)

	Any Mummers Allowed?
		A delightful one-hour documentary that examines the ancient Christmas tradition of mummering.
		Although mummers still appear annually in parts of Newfoundland, England and Ireland, this great-grand-daddy of Halloween masquerade died out in most of North America long ago.
		Newfoundland mummers John and Rita Chidley, Bev Kane, Fabian O'Keeefe and Mike Rossiter.
	www.batteryradio.com /Pages/mummers.html (249 words)

	Christmas Mummers Play - a piece of Christmas History
		Mummers' Plays have been performed in England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland for hundreds of years.
		They were originally mime or dumb shows (Thus mummers from the Middle English word mum, meaning silent.) where all the performers were disguised and known as 'Guisers'.
		The verse is repeated until all the Mummers have gone and the door is closed.
	www.christmas-time.com /mummers.html (1180 words)

	Mummers
		In spite of all that has been written and researched, there is still a lot of doubt as to its origins and history, but these doubts have had the tendency to maintain the interest of people in the play.
		There are many Mummer plays performed throughout the country; some have been revived after being in hibernation for decades or longer; some have been adopted from other villages or areas; but according to local knowledge, the traditional Bampton play can be traced back to at least the Nineteenth Century.
		But the truth is that the origins of the plays have been lost in the mists of time, although you never know when some archaeologist or historian might just uncover something to shed light on the mystery.
	www.bamptonoxon.co.uk /mummers.htm (1866 words)

	Mummers at the Door
		They may be friends or complete strangers, and unless you can guess their identities you cannot be sure who is behind the mask or whether their intentions are benign.
		Mummers at the Door was written and produced by Chris Brookes.
		The World Famous Ashdown Mummers is a group dedicated to the performance of a traditional Sussex Mumming Ritual, and some of the lesser known ancient fertility dances.
	www.soundprint.org /radio/display_show/ID/678/name/Mummers+at+the+Door (336 words)

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