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	Mummers Parade
		Throughout December the local newspapers carried stories about the forthcoming mummers’ parade such as the different groups participating, the judges, and the prizes for winners in the various divisions.
		Leading the parade was [County] Commissioner Jerry A. Hess, who was the Chief Marshal, mounted on a fine charger, and followed by the remainder of the committee of the Friendship Fire Co. They were followed by the Citizen’s Band, dressed up in a fantastic manner, who wore an attractive "Merry Widow" lid.
		In addition to the lodges and fire companies in the parade, there were hundreds of grotesquely costumed individuals, many of which had makeups that were original and afforded much amusement along the line of march.
	www.colcohist-gensoc.org /Essays/Mummers.htm (1852 words)

	The Origins of the Mummers Parade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1808 legislation was passed, by social leaders who became upset with the tradition, against the sorts of celebrations of the Mummer's Parade.
		Again in the 1960's the parade was subject to scrutiny and criticism.
		Despite these pieces of legislation the Mummers Parade is as festive and as noisy as ever.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~mhaggert/project/mummer/origin.html (365 words)

	Mummers Parade - Philadelphia
		The standard Mummer's greeting is "I wish you number 2", second place in the yearly competition for cash prizes, which cover only a fraction of the cost of preparation.
		Mummers may get together at their clubhouses two or three evenings a week all year long to socialize and work on costumes.
		An irony of the Mummers Parade is that although the music bears an unmistakable fl influence - in fact, fl composer James A. Bland wrote "Oh Dem Golden Slippers" in 1879 - there are very few fl Mummers.
	www.2camels.com /philadelphia-mummers-parade.php (1139 words)

	Mummers Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
		The Mummer Museum sits on a slightly crusty street in south Philadelphia, an area that is home to many of the tradition's hard core veterans.
		The history section reminds that women were banned from the Mummers parade until 1983, but have a long history of sneaking in.
		(Mummers Museum: 1100 South 2nd St., Philadelphia, PA [Show Map] Directions: On the south side of the city, at the corner of 2nd St. and Washington Ave.
	www.roadsideamerica.com /attract/PAPHImummer.html (651 words)

	The Mummers Museum - Philadelphia New Year's Parade
		The Philadelphia Mummers Parade is a 12 hour long gala held in Philly each new years day.
		The mummers are split in 4 divisions, comics, fancies, string bands and fancy brigades.
		The parade is held on broad street and then on famous 2 street in south Philly.
	riverfrontmummers.com /museum.html (107 words)

	Mummers on parade across the Fay-West - Pittsburgh Tribune-Review
		Charlie Matthews, one of the organizers of the parade, said people coming in from the city's West Side can make use of the ample parking on the east side of the river at the city parking lots along Crawford Avenue and Fairview Avenue.
		Matthews said that the number of units in the parade appears to not have been affected by the bridge closing.
		In the Perry area, township and borough children are invited to participate in a children's parade at 6 p.m.
	www.pittsburghlive.com /x/pittsburghtrib/news/mostread/s_476305.html (516 words)

	Philadelphia Online... The Mummers Parade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		(Some paraders still call themselves "New Year's Shooters.") And other immigrant cultures have also left their mark on the parade-for instance, the Germans, whose word Mummer means mask.
		The earliest known Mummers club, the Chain Gang, was formed in the 1840s, and soon other clubs were organized to represent various sections of the city.
		In 1876 paraders marched in individual groups to Independence Hall, and in 1901 the city organized the first official Mummers Parade.
	www.philadex.com /philadelphia/tourism/mummers_parade.asp (355 words)

	Mummers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One of the earliest known accounts of a mummers' parade was written by Dr. Henry Muhlenberg, who established the Lutheran Church in America.
		Masqueraders paraded the streets of old Philadelphia and the other sections now a part of the city.
		The burlesquing of their fashionable mummers' play and the increasing number of the fl-faced revelers, offended the "Social Leaders" of the day.
	www.stringband.com /mummer.htm (844 words)

	Mummers’ Museum
		These days, when rootedness and a sense of community are being replaced by the virtual realities of Internet connectivity, it warms the cockles of the heart to observe the bonding in the larger Mummers “family” as well as within each neighborhood, where the clubs serve as unofficial community centers, and within individual families.
		His family had just moved to South Philadelphia, a block from the parade route, and on New Year’s Day, no one could find little John until they looked for him on Broad Street; there he was, in the middle of the Fancies, dancing and strutting by himself.
		So taken was Cohen as a young teenager by the spectacle and the camaraderie among the Mummers that he volunteered to work at the Museum when it opened in 1976 and has been there ever since.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Archives/MAY2005/Lead_Story.htm (880 words)

	History of the Broward County Mummers
		Here in South Florida, we also have a Mummers Band, although it is not quite as old as the Bands in Philly.
		Strictly speaking, a Mummer is a masked or costumed entertainer, and the Broward County Mummers fill the bill when it comes to costumes.
		A Mummers band is made up of a variety of instruments – strings, bells, woodwinds, accordions, keyboard and percussion.
	www.browardmummers.com /history.htm (589 words)

	Mummers.com. The Philadelphia Mummers Parade Web Site. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Mummers to descend on New Inn for festival - This is in Ireland...
		Many Mummers parade controversies over polices, such as the exclusion of women and the use of fl-face, lasted many years.
		Mummers news release from the City of Philadelphia.
	mummers.org (509 words)

	Mummers’ Museum
		In one of the earliest accounts, in 1839, of a mummers parade, Dr. Henry Muhlenberg, who established the Lutheran Church in America, wrote about men who met on the roads of Tinicum and Kingsessing (just outside Philadelphia but eventually incorporated) after Christmas, disguised as clowns and shouting and shooting.
		Downstairs is the Hall of Fame, and upstairs are displays with textual explanations, more costumes, parade routes through the years, memorabilia, and the whole realm of unlikely instruments used by the string bands, including tenor, alto, baritone and bass saxophones, accordion, bell-lyre, mandolin, banjo, guitar, bass fiddle, and glockenspiel.
		For a while, there was a Summer Mummers parade on the Parkway where I live, and I understood the wish to be one of them, as in my neighborhood, my Mummers.
	www.theculturedtraveler.com /Museums/Archives/Mummers_Museum.htm (1356 words)

	Mummers
		of East Brunswick, NJ is a professional Mummer and stilt walker.
		This summer, VAL was pulling the Allenvale plastic sculpture home from a two day event at the Marlboro Middle School when Patty and her husband spotted it as they were driving along the same highway.
		The Mummers marching in the Milltown 4th of July parade.
	www.valweb.org /pipedreams/mummers/mummers.htm (450 words)

	Mummers History
		One of the earlest known accounts of a mummers' parade was written by Dr. Henry Muhlenberg, who esablished the Lutheran Church in America.
		He wrote in 1839: "Men met on the roads in Tinicum and Kingsessing, who were disguised as clowns, shouting at the top of thier voices and shooting guns.
		With such a rich background it is no wonder that the traditional Philadelphia Mummers' New Year's Day pagent has continued for over a century and becomes more and more colorful and spectacular each succeeding year.
	mummerartist.homestead.com /history.html (831 words)

	Mummers Play - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Mummers' and guisers' plays were formerly performed throughout most of Great Britain and Ireland, as well as in other English-speaking parts of the world including Newfoundland and Saint Kitts and Nevis.
		Mummers and guisers can be traced back at least to the middle ages, though when the term "mummer" appears in ancient manuscripts it is rarely clear what sort of performance was involved.
		Mummer rules dictate that the wearer be able to move their costume unaided the length of the parade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mummers_Play (2085 words)

	Philadelphia Department of Recreation \| Mummers Parade History
		The Mummers Parade, which finds its roots dating to pre-colonial times, resulted from a blend of Northern European, British and African American heritages.
		Today's Mummers Parade also had some beginnings in 19th-century traditions as Philadelphia's Carnival of Horns drew thousands of costumed characters celebrating with a myriad of noisemakers to the area of Eighth and South Streets.
		String Bands organized in the early 1900's with Trilby the first to parade in 1902, but not until 1906 did the bands compete.
	www.phila.gov /recreation/mummers/mummers_history.html (352 words)

	Mummers parade returns to South Philadelphia route
		The parade was back on Broad Street after moving to an east-west route on Market Street for the last four years to try to boost attendance and the television audience.
		The Mummers complained that the Market Street route tended to stretch out the parade and thin the crowds.
		We have a great parade, we have great crowds, we have great weather," said Mayor Street, who approved the latest route change last summer at the Mummers' request.
	www.post-gazette.com /localnews/20040102mummersp6.asp (624 words)

	Mummers Parade @ nationalgeographic.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		They’re called Mummers (probably after the German word for disguise)—thousands of mostly white blue-collar guys who nearly every January 1 since 1901 have paraded through the city in wild array from head to spray-painted toe.
		During the January 1, 2000, parade Mayor Ed Rendell became the first head of Philadelphia’s city government to march in costume as a Mummer.
		View more photos of gaily-dressed parade participants and read the results of the parades contest for best floats, winning clubs and top brigades in four categories.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /ngm/0101/feature3 (444 words)

	Philadelphia's Mummers Parade
		The parade is possibly one of the most extravagant and outrageous events in a city known as the creator of the Philly Cheese Steak sandwich.
		Mummer's Parade is a more of a street party than a parade where anyone can compete in the three costume categories of comics, fancies and string bands.
		Mummer's parade traces its origins to the Roman festival of Saturn where slaves were freed into the streets for a day in their master's clothes.
	www.gotravelinsurance.co.uk /public/news.asp?id=15082171 (307 words)

	kyw.com - Ringing In The New Year, Mummers' Style (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The event began with the comic brigades, for whom a popular theme was the woeful performance of the Philadelphia Eagles, who went to the Super Bowl earlier in the year but imploded this season because of injuries and intra-squad feuds with wide receiver Terrell Owens.
		The parade, sometimes compared to New Orleans' Mardi Gras, is put together by the New Year's Shooters and Mummers Association, a group that takes its name from the now-illegal custom of welcoming the new year with gunfire.
		In the late 19th century, the uncoordinated neighborhood celebrations began to coalesce into a larger group and the modern parade began with city sponsorship in 1901.
	cbs3.com /local/local_story_001083604.html (1012 words)

	Rose Parade Wows Crowd - CBS News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Rose Parade featured 50 flower-covered floats reflecting the theme "Celebrate Family" with a fanciful mix of characters, including a 50-foot rocket man, a dragon teaching its child to fly and a family of frogs on a bicycle trying to escape a menacing French chef.
		The parade began with a roaring flyover by an Air Force B-2 stealth bomber that brought spectators to their feet.
		At the 104th Mummers Parade in Philadelphia, about 10,000 brightly dressed marchers strummed, strutted and pirouetted down Broad Street in salute to the Armed Forces and the defending NFC East champion Philadelphia Eagles.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2005/01/01/entertainment/main664215.shtml (692 words)

	Phillymummers.com - Home of the Philadelphia Mummers Association
		The 2006 Southwest Airlines Mummers Parade featured the unique costumes, music, and pageantry that is the Philadelphia Mummers.
		Congratulations to the winners of the nation's longest running Folk Parade, the Murray Comic Club were the Champions of the Comic division, Golden Sunrise took the top honors in the Fancy Division and the Fralinger String Band were the Champions of the String Band Division.
		The fabulous Philadelphia Mummers Show of Shows, presented by Trump Entertainment Resorts, will be held Saturday February 24, 2007 at historic Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, NJ.
	www.phillymummers.com (296 words)

	Mummers Parade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first official Mummers Parade was on January 1, 1901.
		The Mummers Parade travelled northward up Broad Street in Philadelphia for many years until the 1997 parade when the parade was moved to Market Street due to construction work on Broad Street.
		The wearing of fl face paint was once a traditional part of the parade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mummers_Parade (475 words)

	Student Travel Information & Discounts - Events: Mummers' Parade (Philadelphia, USA)
		The history of the Mummers' parade can be traced as far back as the Roman festival of Saturn, where slaves took to the streets in their master's robes and everyone was free for the day.
		Many early parades were accompanied by the musical crack of pistol shot, as paraders "shot in" the New Year, giving birth to the descriptive name, the "New Year Shooters".
		The history of the Mummers' Parade is explored in the Philadelphia Mummers Museum on S 2nd St, which opened in 1976.
	www.isic.org /sisp/index.htm?fx=event&event_id=46155 (354 words)

	Mummers divisions want to return parade to Broad Street (Philadelphia)
		But crowds didn't pack the route and the parade continued to be plagued by gaps, delays and cramped spaces.
		The Mummers Parade features thousands of costumed men and women, some in elaborate outfits adorned with sequins and feathers, competing in four divisions - fancy, fancy brigade, string band and comic divisions.
		The Mummers drew healthy crowds on Market street the last 4 or 5 years, when the weather cooperated (last year it was postponed a week, due to all day rain).
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/931288/posts (747 words)

	Special, History -- Mummers Museum
		Mummery is an old tradition in Philadelphia, and the famous Mummers Parade dates back to pre-Colonial times, resulting from a blend of Swedish, Finnish, Irish, English, German, African-American, and other European heritages.
		With the Mummers in full swing, New Years is celebrated in Philadelphia as it is nowhere else in the world.
		While firearms are no longer discharged, the revelry is as intense as the rivalry between the various mummer groups, assuring spectators and participants alike a wonderful time.
	www.fieldtrip.com /pa/53363050.htm (483 words)

	Philadelphia Department of Recreation \| Mummers Parade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Philadelphia Mummers Parade is a beloved tradition that traces its roots to before the city was founded.
		It is the oldest folk parade in America.
		The parade is held every New Years Day (weather permitting.) The parade is a day long event.
	www.phila.gov /recreation/mummers (196 words)

	Mummer Parade: Participants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It's called the Mummers Parade, and it's been a city tradition since 1901.
		Jack Cohen is the curator of the Mummers Museum, and a parade volunteer.
		The Mummers Parade is unique because it's a parade which doesn't really have too much commercial sponsorship.
	www.pulseplanet.com /archive/Jan04/3089.html (246 words)

	Gillian Roberts: The Mummers' Curse
		Parades were rescheduled when rain or snow endangered the expensive and fragile costumes and instruments.
		The speed of the parade had not picked up, which was lucky, because it felt a very long time making our way out through the crowd.
		I looked at the other Mummers, tried to make them out, but their disguises worked and I had no clue as to whether I was seeing Vincent Devaney.
	www.gillianroberts.com /07amanda_mummers.html (4350 words)

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