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	Mummification
		Mummification was therefore dedicated to the prevention of decay.
		As these titles indicate, mummification was not only a technical process but also a ritualized one, the whole act seeking to repeat the stages in the making of the original mummy, that of Osiris.
		Less is known about the mummification of animals, although research into the mummification of cats and ibises is currently in progress.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0121761/42.htm (1632 words)

	Howstuffworks "Egyptian Mummification"
		In the early days of mummification, the embalmers concentrated mostly on keeping the body away from the elements.
		Egyptologists have determined that the mummification rituals were performed in the Red Land, a desert region removed from heavily populated areas, with easy access to the Nile River.
		Consequently, immortality depended on the mummification of the physical body.
	www.howstuffworks.com /mummy1.htm (858 words)

	Mummification of the Dead
		From moumiya, a Persian word, a mummy was the body of a deceased person that had been preserved by the process of mummification which dried out the body and removed sources of decay.
		Mummification was only available to kings during the Old Kingdom from 2750-2250 BCE, but, it was available to everyone during the New Kingdom from 1539-1070 BCE.
		Mummification involved embalming which was the process of preserving a deceased body, a practice utilizing chemical and physical methods.
	www.blessingscornucopia.com /Egypt_Egyptian_Ancient_Civilization_Mummification_of_the_Dead.htm (758 words)

	AcademicDB - Mummification.
		Mummification Many cultures believe in life after death, but the Egyptians believed that the body needed to be preserved in order to achieve an afterlife.
		Mummification was intended to make an everlasting body out of a decaying corpse in order to provide the Ka, or spirit, a home in the afterlife.
		Five very important steps that took place during mummification were: the embalming of the body, the removal of the brain, the removal of the internal organs, the drying out process,...
	www.academicdb.com /mummification_9048 (250 words)

	Civilization.ca - Egyptian civilization - Religion - Mummification
		For example, the body had to be preserved through mummification and given a properly furnished tomb with everything needed for life in the afterworld.
		Although mummification was not a strict requirement for resurrection in the next world, it was certainly regarded as a highly desirable means of attaining it.
		The term "mummification" comes from the Arabic word mummiya, which mean bitumen, a pitch substance that was first used in the preservation process during the Late Period.
	www.civilization.ca /civil/egypt/egcr06e.html (1089 words)

	Mummification - Crystalinks
		An extremely important task also undertaken during the seventy days of mummification was the preparation by priests or scribes of magical texts to be placed in the tomb.
		The use of the Canopic Jars as repositories was discontinued during the Twenty-first Dynasty (1085-945 BC), and the viscera were henceforth wrapped in packages and replaced in the body or bound with it.
		As the number of deceased ancestors and officials multiplied, however, and the consequent cost of tomb maintenance became excessive, the tendency was to neglect those of the remote past and to concentrate attention on those of the more recently deceased.
	www.crystalinks.com /mum.html (3662 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Egyptian Mummies
		So successful were they that today we can view the mummified body of an Egyptian and have a good idea of what he or she looked like in life, 3000 years ago.
		Mummification was practiced throughout most of early Egyptian history.
		Much of what we know about the actual process is based on the writings of early historians such as Herodotus who carefully recorded the process during his travels to Egypt around 450 B.C. Present-day archaeologists and other specialists are adding to this knowledge.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/mummies.htm (1425 words)

	THE MUMMIFICATION PROCESS
		Mummification was therefore dedicated to the prevention of decay.
		It was often suggested that mummification was inspired by simple predynastic pit burials, in which the body was naturally dried and preserved by the desert sands, however it was probably more likely the desire to preserve the image of the body that actually motivated mummification.
		Mummification was not only a technical process but a ritual one, seeking to recreate the making of the first original mummy, Osiris.
	www.egyptologyonline.com /mummification.htm (678 words)

	An Egyptian Mummification
		Mummification is the preservation of a body, either animal or human.
		By mummification, the Egyptians believed they were assuring themselves a successful rebirth into the afterlife.
		According to Ronn, Mumab has been tested before and during the mummification and will continue to tested in an effort to create a baseline against which all mummies can be scrutinized.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/CollectionPreservation/Mummification/EgyptianMummification/EgyptianMummification.htm (2273 words)

	Mummification 101: Introduction and Materials
		Mummification is a specialized form of bondage and sensory deprivation which involves wrapping the subject in some material or combination of materials.
		Mummification can be either quite severe or relatively gentle and comfortable, depending on the materials and techniques used.
		Plastic is excellent for mummification, because it's relatively easy to work with and tends to stick to itself.
	no.place.like.home.mindspring.com /abbot/articles/jl990104.htm (1778 words)

	Mummification in Bogs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However there is a process whereby the forces of nature cause natural mummification.
		One of these climates is the peat bog; most peat bogs suitable for providing the proper conditions for mummification can be found in Europe.
		Mummification occurs because of the conditions produced by the bog.
	www.zoology.ubc.ca /bio1/BogWeb/StuRep03/Mummy_Coelho.htm (338 words)

	Museum of Science : Ancient Egypt Science & Technology : Exploration
		The Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center made available to us some of the most advanced CAT scan imaging technology available in the Northeast, allowing us to generate about 2500 images of the mummy to be used for the advanced 3D imaging.
		Mummification was an important step to ensuring one's afterlife in Ancient Egypt — the body had to be preserved so that one's ba — or soul — could re-enter the body for eternity.
		Mummification was a very effective way of preserving a person after death and making sure that the ba would have a place to return to for a long time to come.
	www.mos.org /quest/mummymain.php (298 words)

	Mummification
		Mummification is still one of the wonders of the ancient Egyptian civilization that not all of its secrets have been revealed.
		Until the popularizing of the Osiris cult, mummification was only practiced on kings and those closest to them, but from the Middle Kingdom onwards it was made available to all who could afford it.
		This was an important element in mummification as a drying and antiseptic agent.
	www.kingtutshop.com /freeinfo/Mummification.htm (742 words)

	Ancient Egyptian mummies and mummification
		Ramses II A mummy is the corpse of a person (or an animal) that has been preserved after death, mummification happened as the deceased dried out quickly.
		Mummification was related to beliefs concerning the afterlife and was undertaken to safeguard the fate of the soul.
		The effigy was placed into a cedar coffin carved in the shape of Horus, the Falcon god, to be flown to Nephri, the god of Crops, in Heaven as an offering, insurance, and prayer against continued drought.
	www.aldokkan.com /religion/mummy.htm (737 words)

	NOVA Online \| Ice Mummies of the Inca \| Mummies of the World
		This tissue preservation can happen by accident or through human intervention but, in either case, it occurs when bacteria and fungi are unable to grow on a corpse and cause its decay.
		Historically, quick drying has been the most common method of mummification, since bacteria and fungi cannot grow where there is no water.
		Initially, mummification was so expensive that it was a privilege enjoyed only by the Pharaoh and a few favourites.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/peru/mummies (710 words)

	Mummification
		The Egyptians believed that preserving the body in death was important to keep their soul alive.
		Mummification was a ritual, so the priests who participated were trained to perform the process with both surgical and ritual precision.
		It was important that the priest did not make any unnecessary cuts in the body, because if the spirit could not recognize the body it would be doomed to wonder across the Earth and possibly haunt the priest responsible.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/egypt/religion/mummification.htm (499 words)

	Eternal Egypt - Mummification and Afterlife Beliefs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A canopic jar is a funerary jar containing human organs extracted during the process of mummification; the stoppers of the jars took the shape of the heads of the four sons of the god Horus, who are the patrons of the liver, lungs, stomach and intestine.
		The Egyptians were not preoccupied with death, but they did spend much time preparing for the time when their life on this earth would cease and they would enter the afterlife.
		Therefore, the ancient Egyptians developed the process of mummification to keep the body in a good state and to preserve its physical features so that the soul might identify it, for the destruction of the body would have meant also the decay of the soul.
	www.eternalegypt.org /EternalEgyptWebsiteWeb/HomeServlet?language_id=1&ee_website_action_key=action.display.story&story_id=46 (184 words)

	An Egyptian Mummification
		By mummification, the Egyptians believed they were assuring themselves a successful rebirth into the afterlife.
		According to Ronn, Mumab has been tested before and during the mummification and will continue to tested in an effort to create a baseline against which all mummies can be scrutinized.
		This was the point at which the mummification was considered a success.
	www.egyptartsite.com /mummy.html (2262 words)

	Mummification (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When mummification became a trade catering to the masses and offering treatments to fit any pocket, remuneration suffered and with it quite probably the social standing of the embalmers.
		One may assume that it was at some distance from human habitation, as mummification was not without environmental impact, and even people used to strong odours may have objected to having such an establishment in their vicinity.
		High quality mummification was the result of centuries of trial and error which culminated in the elite burials of the New Kingdom.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/egypt/funerary_practices/embalmers.htm (3333 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Mummification (Pictures of Mummies, Funerary Carvings, and Reliefs)
		So successful were they that today we can view the mummified body of an Egyptian and have a good idea of what he or she looked like in life, 3000 years ago.
		Mummification was practiced throughout most of early Egyptian history.
		Baboons, cats, birds, and crocodiles, which also had great religious significance, were sometimes mummified, especially in the later dynasties.
	www.geocities.com /isis_artemis_0/ancientegyptmummy.htm (1049 words)

	Modern Mummification for Pets & Animals
		The Summum science of Mummification revives the ancient art of wrapping the body and treating it with oil, while Transference aids the journey of your pet's essence to its next destination.
		When the Mummification and Transference are complete, we place your pet within a bronze Mummiform and rejoin you with your beloved companion.
		Our Mummification process makes it possible for you and your treasured pet to be together eternally.
	www.summum.org /mummification/pets (419 words)

	Pyramids, Mummies & Daily Life
		The Egyptians were extremely interested in mummification because they believed that the dead would need their bodies in the afterlife.
		The process of mummification was a ritual with specific steps that had to be repeated each time.
		The Egyptians believed that one of their most important gods, Osiris, the god of death and resurrection, was the first to be mummified.
	www.clevelandart.org /Kids/egypt/roseff.html (1846 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Mummification Process
		Mummification was reserved for the richest and most powerful in Egyptian society.
		The embalmer was a class of priest which would then prepare remove the internal organs and prepare the body.
		The mummification would take place in a workshop often near the site of the tomb.
	www.historylink101.net /egypt_1/religion_mummification_process.htm (442 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If the body had decayed or was unrecognizable the ka would go hungry, and the afterlife be jeopardized.
		In the New Kingdom, the new techniques of removal of internal organs (though in a Late Period they were replaced after treatment), use of effective desiccating agents, and subcutaneous padding made mummification possible on a large scale.
		Among the many other peoples who practiced mummification were people living along the Torres Strait, between Papua New Guinea and Australia, and the Incas of South America.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=mummification (208 words)

	[No title]
		PURPOSE: In this lesson, students will be challenged to explore the Egyptian mummification process, Egyptian views of the afterlife, mummy curses and legends, and modern technology's role in mummy research.
		Research the process of mummification by using a variety of research tools.
		As a culminating activity, you may want to reenact the mummification process for Pharaoh Ramses II as sixth graders from Eastchester Middle School did.
	www.libsci.sc.edu /miller/Dobbins.htm (559 words)

	Summum - Mummification of Transference
		Modern Mummification is available through funeral homes worldwide.
		Summum is the only organization in the world to offer the service of Modern Mummification.
		Summum's Mummification of Transference was featured on the CBS Evening News as part of a story about alternative funeral options.
	www.summum.us /mummification (253 words)

	Egypt: Mummification in Ancient Egypt
		An Overview of Mummification in Ancient Egypt by Jefferson Monet
		In Egypt, a combination of climate and environment, as well as the people's religious beliefs and practices, led first to unintentional natural mummification and then to true mummification.
		In Egypt, and particularly ancient Egypt, there was a lack of cultivatable land and so the early Egyptians chose to bury their dead in shallow pit-graves on the edges of the desert, where the heat of the sun and the dryness of the sand created the natural mummification process.
	www.touregypt.net /magazine/mummificationinancientegypt.htm (367 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Mummification, from The Histories
		Ancient History Sourcebook: Herodotus: Mummification, from The Histories
		Link to A CT Scan image of a Mummy
		See How to Cite these pages in books, term papers, etc.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/herodotus-mummies.html (343 words)

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