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Topic: Mummification Museum

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	Museums and the Web 2003: Papers: Marty, Sheahan and Lacy
		This evolution was an organic, natural process whereby the museum's procedures in implementing the cartonnage project changed as we worked with the teachers and students, adapting each implementation to better suit the needs of the educational community the museum serves.
		Museum staff members tell the students that while the cartonnage fragments were on display in their museum, a stranger claimed that the label copy describing the artifacts was erroneous.
		When the museum was working with students who had access to the Internet in their classroom, the museum staff found that the students were more likely to have a thorough understanding of what the museum wanted them to do (especially when working computers were available throughout the project).
	www.archimuse.com /mw2003/papers/marty/marty.html (8858 words)

	Civilization.ca - Egyptian civilization - Religion - Mummification
		efore mummification evolved, the corpse was placed in a sleeping fetal position and put into a pit, along with personal items such as clay pots and jewellery.
		Although mummification was not a strict requirement for resurrection in the next world, it was certainly regarded as a highly desirable means of attaining it.
		The term "mummification" comes from the Arabic word mummiya, which mean bitumen, a pitch substance that was first used in the preservation process during the Late Period.
	www.civilization.ca /civil/egypt/egcr06e.html (1089 words)

	Mummy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first step in a mummification was the removal of all internal organs which were prone to rapid decay.
		Natural mummification is fairly rare, due to the requirement for certain specific conditions, but it has produced some of the oldest known mummies.
		Notably fine examples are exhibited at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, at the Ãgyptisches Museum in Berlin, and at the British Museum in London.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mummy (2123 words)

	Mummification in Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The word "mummification" is derived from the Latin word (perhaps of Persian origin) "mumia" which was mentioned by Dioscorides (first century A.D.) as a fl bitumen found oozing from the earth in certain places.
		Mummification symbolizes the fear the ancient Egyptians had of death and answers their eager desire for immoratality.
		The elaborate mummification procedures and the abundant funerary equipment found in the tombs were essential for the well-being of these spirits.
	www.alchemywebsite.com /islam25.html (2918 words)

	The Milwaukee Public Museum—The Quest for Immortality: Treasures of Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the most familiar aspects of ancient Egyptian culture is mummification, the process of preserving the bodies of the dead with chemicals and wrapping them in linen.
		The process of mummification began with the removal of the body’s organs, including the lungs, intestines, stomach and liver.
		Mummification was a means to preserve the body for use in eternal life by the deceased’s “ka,” or spiritual double.
	www.mpm.edu /quest/mummification.html (206 words)

	Encyclopedia Smithsonian: Egyptian Mummies
		The methods of embalming, or treating the dead body, that the ancient Egyptians used is called mummification.
		So successful were they that today we can view the mummified body of an Egyptian and have a good idea of what he or she looked like in life, 3000 years ago.
		Mummification was practiced throughout most of early Egyptian history.
	www.si.edu /resource/faq/nmnh/mummies.htm (1419 words)

	Luxor.City.nu - Mummification Museum
		The Mummification Museum is a new, and located near the Mina Palace Hotel.
		However, there are also displays of tools used in the mummification process, as well as artifacts of items buried along with the mummies for use in the afterlife.
		Museum hours are from 9 AM to 1 PM year round, with winter evening hours of 4 PM until 9 PM and summer evening hours of 5 PM until 10 PM.
	www.city.nu /info/luxor/1221-1217-MummificationMuseum.html (119 words)

	- 09 - Benguet Museum awaits claimants of mummies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Camhit also said the elders were verifying the actual origin of the crouching mummy, a male, before they could claim it and return it to its burial cave in the town.
		Bryan Camhit, curator of the Benguet Museum, said elders in Kabayan town were hesitant to claim the upright mummy because the town was not known to mummify their dead in that position.
		He said museum personnel occasionally take out the mummies and expose them to sunlight as part of the preservation process.
	www.bayanihan.org /html/public_html/article.php?story=20040309195321072 (561 words)

	Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum & Planetarium
		The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum and Planetarium is located in the gardens of beautiful Rosicrucian Park, amidst buildings inspired by ancient Egyptian temples.
		The Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, architecturally inspired by the Temple of Amon at Karnak, houses the largest collection of Egyptian artifacts on exhibit in the western United States -- including objects from pre dynastic times through Egypt's early Islamic era.
		MUSEUM'S 75TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION: Special activities and celebrations throughout the month of August, including a " You are the Pharaoh!
	www.egyptianmuseum.org (115 words)

	Museum of Science : Ancient Egypt Science & Technology : Exploration
		In ancient Egypt, mummification was considered integral to one's afterlife.
		The proliferation of tomb raidings led many ancient Egyptians to be concerned about the preservation of their internal organs in death.
		During the mummification process, linen wrappings were often heavily steeped in resins before being placed around the head.
	www.mos.org /quest/mummyegypt.php (412 words)

	McClung Museum - Ancient Egypt
		The part of ancient Egyptian life that continues to fascinate us the most is their belief in an afterlife, and the practices and rituals they followed to prepare for the eternal hereafter.
		Additional information is available on the concept of the ba, the place of the ba in religious beliefs and funeral rites, and the function and meaning of the ba -bird figures, as well as depictions of the ba in the Papyrus of Ani.
		The stone is inscribed with a decree issued by a gathering of priests in the city of Memphis in 196 BC.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /permex/egypt/egypt.htm (1451 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Travel \| History brought to life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In one painting the scene of a burial is captured -- the coffin rested on a slide being pulled by people and followed by a group of servants who carried the deceased's personal belongings and food that would be used in the afterlife.
		The mummification ritual, which was limited to rich, upper class and royalty figures, took 70 days.
		After this the body is preserved in a tomb with the rest of the person's belongings as well as the book of the dead (a book given to the deceased in order to help them on their day of judgment).
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1999/442/tr1.htm (1022 words)

	McClung Museum - Egyptian Coffin Face
		Anthropoid coffins, one of which belonged to the Museum’s face, were believed to be the idealized substitute for the deceased should something happen to the body.
		As with the McClung Museum’s face, this one had been carved separately from wood, painted over gesso, and pegged on to the front of the coffin lid.
		The new addition to the Museum’s collection illustrates the same method of attachment that was used for the face on that coffin lid.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /research/renotes/rn-21txt.htm (1362 words)

	Mummification Museum Definition / Mummification Museum Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Mummification Museum, is located on the banks of the River Nile to the north of Luxor Temple Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the River Nile in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes).
		It has often been named the "world's greatest open air museum", with the ruins of the temple complex at Karnak, Luxor Temple, and the monuments, temples and tombs on the West Bank of the Nile, including the Valley of the Kings and Valley of the Queens....
		Mummies of cats, fish and crocodiles are on display in this unique museum, where one can additionally get an idea of the tools used.
	www.elresearch.com /Mummification_Museum (387 words)

	Egyptian Mummies
		Mummification is the preservation of a body, either animal or human.
		The mummies from the Deir el-Bahri cache were removed to the Cairo Museum in 1881, and most, but not all, of the mummies found in the tomb of Amenhotep II were brought to Cairo after their discovery.
		In 1912 Elliot Smith published his Cairo Museum catalogue of the royal mummies, a work which provided anatomical descriptions of the bodies, estimates of their ages at death, as well as lengthy quotations from Gaston Maspero's initial publication of the Deir el-Bahri cache.
	www.cdli.ca /CITE/egypt_mummies.htm (1064 words)

	Faces of Djed - ROM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But her husband's name also appears on the cartonnage, an unusual practice likely indicating that he had paid, at least in part, for the mummification and burial, an expense that may have set him back a year's income.
		From an examination of the decoration themes and techniques, the names, and the costumes on Djed's cartonnage, and the techniques of mummification and burial, Millet estimates that she died sometime between 945 and 720 BC-probably in the middle of the range, some 500 years after King Tut's death.
		It's not known exactly what gave rise to the idea of mummification, although it is sometimes surmised that when Egyptians saw the natural drying of bodies that occurred in early pre-mummification sand graves, they tried to improve on the process.
	www.rom.on.ca /egypt/djed/djedmaat.html (4430 words)

	Museum Rooms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the most important sources on the mummification in ancient Egypt is the famous Greek historian Herodotus who happened to visit Egypt during the Persian era.
		The first method of mummification was done by extracting the brain from the skull through the nostrils, then cutting open the left side by an Ethiopian knife and making a hole of 2-3 centimeter in length to extract the intestines.
		It is noticed that mummification had reached its peak during the era of the modern State then the process deteriorated in later periods.
	www.grm.gov.eg /virtual_e_r8.html (383 words)

	Mummies, Secrets and Science @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
		The gallery is arranged in a chronological fashion enabling the visitor to view the development of the science of mummification.
		Examples of natural materials and tools used during the mummification process can be found in the exhibit.
		The heart was one internal organ left in the body during the mummification process while most of the others were removed.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/exhibits/galleries/secretsandscience.html (1814 words)

	McClung Museum - Cat Mummies
		The technical processes of mummification are incompletely known, as the ancient Egyptians did not record them, neither for humans nor for sacred animals.
		This mummy is exhibited at the McClung Museum courtesy of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology: 73718.
		The McClung Museum cat mummy mask was acquired in 1999 from Reverend Terry Barnwell of Crossville, Tennessee, through the generous donation of Dr.
	mcclungmuseum.utk.edu /research/renotes/rn-20txt.htm (1781 words)

	Religion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Three of the Manchester mummies' faces were reconstructed in wax from study of the bones — 1770 has now had at least two ‘face-lifts' and the story of attempts to recreate her face is a fascinating one.
		University Museum Handbook I. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania, 1980.
		It is an excellent introduction to the history of mummification in Egypt, with a description of the ways in which the study of mummies has contributed to our knowledge of ancient Egyptian health and disease patterns.
	www.rom.on.ca /egypt/biblio/mummies-b4.html (3358 words)

	Life Beyond the Tomb: Modern research
		The traditional view was that it began with the preservation of Old Kingdom royals about 2600 BCE and developed from the observation of bodies that had been naturally preserved in hot desert sands.
		Recent excavations of 'working class' burials at Hierakonpolis in Upper Egypt (dating to 3500 BCE) by the Hierakonpolis Expedition, under the direction of Dr Renée Friedman, show that a variety of complex burial practices were occurring at this time, including extracting the internal organs in a ritual fashion and wrapping specific parts of the body.
		By studying these different types of DNA, we are able to construct a more accurate genetic picture of the person, look for diseases that may have afflicted them in life and identify possible causes of death.
	www.austmus.gov.au /life/embalmers/modern-research.cfm (738 words)

	Museum of Science : Ancient Egypt Science & Technology : Exploration
		The Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center made available to us some of the most advanced CAT scan imaging technology available in the Northeast, allowing us to generate about 2500 images of the mummy to be used for the advanced 3D imaging.
		Mummification was an important step to ensuring one's afterlife in Ancient Egypt —; the body had to be preserved so that one's ba — or soul — could re-enter the body for eternity.
		Mummification was a very effective way of preserving a person after death and making sure that the ba would have a place to return to for a long time to come.
	www.mos.org /quest/mummymain.php (298 words)

	Luxor Egypt Museums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		You'll find details on botanical museums in Luxor (and Luxor botanical gardens), science museums in Luxor, natural history museums in Luxor, Luxor war museums, royal museums in Luxor, and those dedicated to industry in Luxor and famous people in Luxor.
		If you are interested in a particular exhibition it may be worth asking the museum how long it will be running for and if additional fees are charged for entry to it.
		If this is likely contact the museum as they may run a scheme where you can purchase entrance tickets for particular times - and so avoid the queues.
	www.a-zoftourism.co.uk /Museums-in-Luxor.htm (398 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Archaeology \| The night of counting the years
		The scam was revealed when Tokeley-Parry's assistant took the papyri to the British Museum, where the curator immediately recognised them as part of a collection discovered in 1966 by a British mission excavating in the animal necropolis of North Saqqara.
		A regulation of cooperation does, however, exist among the museums of the world which stipulates that any stolen object that a trader tries to sell to a museum, or who tries to have authenticated in a museum, should be reported and appropriate action taken.
		This priceless object, the lid of which remained in the Egyptian Museum, was found in 1907 by American archaeologist Theodore Davis inside tomb KV55 in the Valley of The Kings.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/571/tr1.htm (2608 words)

	Ancient Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This museum offers many educational experiences like: “Be an Ancient Egyptian Artist”, an exploration of Egyptian arts including pottery, jewelry, painting, papermaking and metalworking; free films, “Pyramids” and “the Face of Tutankhamum: Wonderful Things” and others.
		For this particular research T.I. my significant findings were regarding the tremendous work that went into the mummification process and the importance this mummification had to the ancient Egyptians and their view of the afterlife.
		I am sure that the different levels of mummification had varying costs, but what were they compared to a day’s wages, for example.
	www.indiana.edu /~w505b/cieply.html (1254 words)

	Luxor Museum - A-Z of Museums - Luxor museums, Luxor attractions, city guide, Luxor vacation packages, Luxor ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Luxor Museum was opened in 1975 and contains an excellent collection of artwork dating from the Predynastic Period to the Islamic era.
		The museum is housed within a modern building, which is spacious and where artifacts are beautifully displayed in low-lit surroundings.
		Some of the main attractions at the museum include a number of exhibits from Tutankhamun, including a cow-goddess head and his funerary boats, a statue of Tuthmosis III (circa 1436 BC), and 283 sandstone blocks arranged as a wall from the ninth pylon of the Karnak Temple.
	www.a-zofmuseums.com /Luxor-Museums-n20090.htm (354 words)

	Bowers Museum, A Place For Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of Southern California's finest museums and Orange County's largest, the Bowers Museum is one of the only museums in the United States devoted to promoting human understanding through art.
		Mummification is the heart of the exhibition with mummies, coffins, and canopic jars for the internal organs.
		Mummification features two of the exhibition's most spectacular pieces: a child mummy from the Greco Roman period with a lifelike portrait, and a gilded cartonnage mummy mask dating from the Greco-Roman Period (late 1st century BC-early 1st century AD).
	www.aplaceforart.org /Museums/bowers (4992 words)

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