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	Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy is usually perpetrated on younger children, and although the children may be basically very healthy, at young ages they are even more prone to confabulation when confronted with a parent’s constant worries about their health.
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy is similar to other forms of child abuse in that victims of the crime can often become perpetrators as adults (Davis et al., 1998).
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a potentially deadly form of child abuse that is often so subtle as to go unnoticed.
	www.uic.edu /classes/socw/socw517/munchausencullen.htm (3183 words)

	Discovery Health :: Diseases & Conditions :: Munchausen syndrome
		Munchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which a person consciously fakes the symptoms of a physical disorder for attention.
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP) is a parenting disorder.
		This diagnosis of Munchausen syndrome is made when it is certain that there is no organic cause for the person's symptoms.
	health.discovery.com /encyclopedias/illnesses.html?article=2910 (564 words)

	Your Guide to Munchausen Syndrome
		Munchausen syndrome is a factitious disorder, a mental illness in which a person repeatedly acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick.
		Munchausen syndrome is considered a mental illness because it is associated with severe emotional difficulties.
		Although a person with Munchausen syndrome actively seeks treatment for the various disorders he or she invents, the person often is unwilling to admit to and seek treatment for the syndrome itself.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/60/67152.htm (960 words)

	Smothered With Something That Looks Like Love, but Isn't: Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy - NYU Medical Center, NYU ...
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a form of maltreatment or child abuse.
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy can prove very serious or even fatal to children, and yet while doctors often detect this condition, it is a more psychological than medical diagnosis.
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy is named after Munchausen syndrome, a mental disorder where a person makes up symptoms or illness in his or her self.
	www.med.nyu.edu /patientcare/library/article.html?ChunkIID=14404 (909 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
		In addition, the mother may have a nursing or medical background, have her own history of Munchausen syndrome, have a history of marital discord, deny deception, lack the usual parental concern, and have suicidal ideation or attempt suicide before or after discovery of the syndrome (Meadow, 1982).
		Leonard, K.F and Farrell, P.A. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy.
		Schreier, H.A. and Libow, J.A. Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy: Diagnosis and Prevalence.
	earthops.org /munchausen/munchausen.html (2177 words)

	Muchausen Syndrome By Proxy
		Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome, also called Factitious Disorder by Proxy, is a psychological disorder characterized by a pattern of behavior in which someone, usually a mother, induces physical ailments upon another person, usually her child (“Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome,” n.d., p.
		Parents with Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome do not typically appear psychotic and, based on incidents caught on film, are calm and collected when inflicting harm on their children.
		Because of the correlation between Baron von Munchausen’s fictional stories and the exaggerated and made up symptoms of a person with this disorder, the terms Munchausen Syndrome or Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome were adopted as clinical terms describing the two main factitious disorders.
	allpsych.com /journal/munchausen.html (2098 words)

	On Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy (MSP)
		Munchausen's Syndrome refers to a psychiatric disorder where patients pretend to have illnesses, and therefore are subjected to many medical tests and surgical procedures.
		Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy (MSP) is a parenting disorder where parents, usually the mother, fabricate symptoms in their children, thus subjecting the child to unnecessary medical tests and/or surgical procedures.
		Munchausen's Syndrome is the condition we name when a person makes himself ill purposely often to get the attention and friendship of medical personnel.
	sids-network.org /experts/msp.htm (965 words)

	eMedicine - Munchausen Syndrome : Article by James C Hamilton, PhD
		Causes: The causes of Munchausen syndrome are unknown.
		This presentation is not easily confused with FD or Munchausen syndrome; however, in rare instances, the patient's conviction that he or she is gravely ill may be so strong that the patient resorts to simulation or self-injury as a means of soliciting further diagnostic testing.
		To the extent that Munchausen syndrome is associated with borderline and antisocial personality disorder, the presence of a patient with Munchausen syndrome frequently produces rifts among the staff.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3543.htm (8726 words)

	Persecuted parents or protected children? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		For the next 2 1/2 years, she was supervised and tested by CPS until authorities were finally satisfied she didn't have Munchausen and closed the case in 1999.
		Some specialists point out that many of their patients' mothers have been accused of Munchausen before their children were eventually diagnosed with unusual disorders.A parent who is calm in the face of serious difficulties, or one who gets extremely angry and demanding both fit the profile.
		"Munchausen by proxy should be diagnosed based on objective signs and symptoms, not based on one's impression of the parent," said Marc Feldman, the psychiatrist.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/81574_munchausen07.shtml (3465 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy -- Topic Overview
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) is a mental disorder in which a person falsely reports or causes symptoms in another person under his or her care.
		Because children are the victims, Munchausen syndrome by proxy is considered a form of child abuse.
		This condition is related to Munchausen syndrome, a similar disorder in which a person causes or reports symptoms in him- or herself.
	www.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/hw180539.asp?printing=true (1148 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome Information on Healthline
		Munchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder that causes an individual to self-inflict injury or illness or to fabricate symptoms of physical or mental illness, in order to receive medical care or hospitalization.
		Categorized as a factitious disorder (a disorder in which the physical or psychological symptoms are under voluntary control), Munchausen's syndrome seems to be motivated by a need to assume the role of a patient.
		Individuals with Munchausen by proxy syndrome use their child (or another dependent person) to fulfill their need to step into the patient role.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/munchausen-syndrome-1 (757 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome \| AHealthyMe.com
		In a variation of the disorder, Munchausen by proxy (MSBP), an individual, typically a mother, intentionally causes or fabricates illness in a child or other person under her care.
		It has been theorized that Munchausen patients are motivated by a desire to be cared for, a need for attention, dependency, an ambivalence toward doctors, or a need to suffer.
		Children who are found to be victims of persons with Munchausen by proxy syndrome should be immediately removed from the care of the abusing parent or guardian.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100587172 (816 words)

	ASM 15(4); Case Report: Munchausen Syndrome
		A diagnosis of factitious illness (Munchausen syndrome) was confirmed.
		Munchausen syndrome refers to a special type of factitious illness meeting DSM-IV criteria for chronic factitious illness with physical signs and symptoms.
		Munchausen syndrome: its relationship to malingering hysteria and the physican-patient relationship.
	www.kfshrc.edu.sa /annals/154/94280/94280.html (1755 words)

	What is Munchausen Syndrome?
		Munchausen syndrome is a form of psychological disorder known as a factitious disorder (the term "Munchausen syndrome" is sometimes used, incorrectly, to refer to any form of factitious disorder).
		Munchausen by proxy is a term used to describe a form of child abuse and which was coined by Sir Roy Meadow, former professor of Paediatrics at the University of Leeds, England.
		In 2003, a documentary film, MAMA/M.A.M.A., which questions the validity of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, arguing that in many cases doctors' overmedication of infants may be the real cause of their infirmity rather than the mother's mental illness, was released.
	www.girlshrink.com /articles/article/2331021/31757.htm (884 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome
		Munchausen syndrome is a type of factitious disorder, or mental illness, in which a person repeatedly acts as if he or she has a physical or mental disorder when, in truth, they have caused the symptoms.
		Note: Although Munchausen syndrome most properly refers to a factitious disorder with primarily physical symptoms, the term is sometimes used to refer to factitious disorders in general.
		Some theories suggest that a history of abuse or neglect as a child, or a history of frequent illnesses requiring hospitalization might be factors associated with the development of this syndrome.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/2800/2821.asp?index=9833 (1200 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome
		Munchausen syndrome is a condition in which a person intentionally fakes, simulates, worsens, or self-induces an injury or illness for the main purpose of being treated like a medical patient.
		Munchausen syndrome most appropriately describes persons who have a chronic variant of a factitious disorder with mostly physical signs and symptoms, although there are reports in literature regarding psychological Munchausen syndrome, meaning that the simulated symptoms are psychiatric in nature.
		Persons with Munchausen syndrome intentionally cause signs and symptoms of an illness or injury by inflicting medical harm to their body, often to the point of having to be hospitalized.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /munchausen_syndrome/article_em.htm (391 words)

	Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) and attention seeking personality disorders including false victim and victim ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Munchausen Syndrome, named after a German soldier renowned for exaggerated tales, is a predominantly female disorder in which an emotionally immature person with narcissistic tendencies, low self-esteem and a fragile ego has an overwhelming need to draw attention to herself and to be the centre of attention.
		In Munchausen Syndrome, this is achieved by capitalising on, exploiting, exaggerating or feigning illness or injury or personal misfortune.
		If questioning does take place, the Munchausen mother is likely to give the most convincing performance of innocence whilst the innocent mother is likely to be less convincing due to a combination of grief, sadness, loss, disbelief, bewilderment, anger and guilt, all of which are heightened by trauma.
	www.bullyonline.org /workbully/munchaus.htm (1324 words)

	Munchausen syndrome - Patient UK
		There is another condition called Munchausen's syndrome by proxy in which a parent, usually the mother, produces factitious illness in the child.
		In Munchausen's syndrome by proxy a parent, usually the mother, or a carer of an older person, produces factitious illness in their charge.
		In the case of Munchausen syndrome by proxy, police and social services should be alerted, but, as with child sexual abuse, it is a genuine condition that really occurs but it is essential to be sure of the verity of the diagnosis before accusations are made.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40001267 (1906 words)

	Munchausen's by proxy
		The typical Munchausen's perpetrator is female, usually the mother of the victim, who enjoys the sympathy and attention lavished on her by doctors, family and friends.
		Munchausen's by proxy takes its name from Baron von Munchausen, an 18th-century German who enjoyed spinning outrageous tales.
		"Munchausen's'' refers to harming oneself to gain attention; "by proxy'' means one is harming another.
	jaehakim.com /articles/lifestyles/munchausen.htm (938 words)

	Munchausen syndrome - MayoClinic.com
		Munchausen syndrome is a rare but serious condition in which a person tries to appear sick or injured in order to get attention.
		People with Munchausen syndrome know they're not sick but try to make it appear as if they are.
		Munchausen syndrome usually starts in early adulthood — often after a hospitalization for a medical condition or mental disorder.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/munchausen-syndrome/AN00327 (327 words)

	village voice > news > Cybersickness by Francine Russo
		People like these, he explains, suffer from a form of Munchausen, a condition in which they either feign illness or victimization, or actually induce illness or injury in order to gain sympathy and become the center of attention.
		The irony in these Munchausen cases is that those pretending to be ill really are sick, but they rarely go to the right kind of doctor.
		One former Munchausen patient, a 40-year-old computer technician on the West Coast, used to hurt herself and pretend she'd been the victim of an attack or accident.
	www.villagevoice.com /issues/0126/russo.shtml (1585 words)

	Munchausen syndrome - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Munchausen syndrome is a psychiatric disorder in which sufferers feign disease, illness, or psychological trauma in order to draw attention or sympathy to themselves.
		It is in a class of disorders known as factitious disorders which involve "illnesses" whose symptoms are either self-induced or falsified by the patient.
		In Munchausen syndrome, the sufferer feigns, exaggerates, or creates symptoms of illnesses in himself or herself in order to gain investigation, treatment, attention, sympathy, and comfort from medical personnel.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Munchausen_syndrome (707 words)

	Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome
		It's not unusual for medical personnel to overlook the possibility of Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome because it goes against the belief that a parent or caregiver would never deliberately hurt his or her child.
		Other theories say that Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome is a cry for help on the part of the parent or caregiver, who may be experiencing anxiety or depression or have feelings of inadequacy as a parent or caregiver of a young child.
		If Munchausen by Proxy Syndrome is suspected, health care providers are required by law to report their concerns.
	kidshealth.org /parent/system/ill/munchausen.html (1512 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Munchausen syndrome by proxy
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy is a form of child abuse in which a parent induces real or apparent symptoms of a disease in a child.
		Changes in physical exam or vital signs are almost never witnessed by hospital staff and almost always occur in presence of the mother.
		Munchausen syndrome occurs because of psychological problems in the adult, and is generally an attention-seeking behavior.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001555.htm (715 words)

	AsherMeadow Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Munchausen by proxy is when a parent lies about an illness or deliberately injures a child.
		She has been diagnosed with Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy, a disorder in which a person seeks attention by causing someone they are caring for to be constantly...
		Munchausen syndrome by proxy was identified some twenty years ago.
	www.ashermeadow.com (1941 words)

	The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Condemned by the learned, like some other masterpieces, as worthless, Munchausen's travels have obtained such a world-wide fame, that the story of their origin possesses a general and historic interest apart from whatever of obscurity or of curiosity it may have to recommend it.
		The merit of Munchausen, as the adult reader will readily perceive, does not reside in its literary style, for Raspe is no exception to the rule that a man never has a style worthy of the name in a language that he did not prattle in.
		But it is more probable, as is hinted in the first preface, that Munchausen, being a shrewd man, found the practice a sovereign specific against bores and all other kinds of serious or irrelevant people, while it naturally endeared him to the friends of whom he had no small number.
	www.rickwalton.com /authtale/munch01.htm (5380 words)

	Munchausen's Syndrome
		Most of the Munchausen patients fake physical symptoms, but with some patients it is primarily psychological symptoms that are feigned.
		Munchausen's syndrome is relatively rare, even among chronic pain patients.One study of 2,860 chronic pain patients identified 4 Munchausen patients, for a frequency of 0.14%.
		Munchausen syndrome often begins in early adulthood, and as in the current case, it may begin after a hospitalization or a medical problem.While many of the patients are medical personnel, or are well versed in medical terminology, the young woman in this case did not have specific medical training.
	www.headachedrugs.com /archives/munchausen.html (639 words)

	Munchausen Syndrome By Proxy
		The research also shows that individuals who initially engaged in Munchausen Syndrome may eventually practice Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy.2 The degree to which the offspring of Munchausen offenders become the subjects of abuse may increase proportionately with the number and increased severity of incidents of self-inflicted abuse.
		Establishing MSBP as a possible extension of Munchausen Syndrome will not be an easy task for investigators and prosecutors if the acts have not advanced to the point of physical abuse.
		Conclusion Despite the evolving understanding of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy within the medical and law enforcement fields, police investigators still might find it difficult to believe that a child's caregiver, someone who appears sincerely concerned about the victim's health, could be the cause of a child's symptoms.
	lectlaw.com /files/cri15.htm (2941 words)

	Faking Preterm Labor - Munchausen by “Preemie” Syndrome
		Munchausen syndrome is thought to be a very rare type of factitious disorder where a person fakes, exaggerates or self induces an illness to get attention.
		Another disorder, Munchausen by Proxy syndrome (not a DSM-IV diagnosis), involves a parent or care-giver deliberately fabricating or even inducing an illness in her child or someone in her care so that she can play the role of worried parent.
		Disclaimer: Munchausen by Preemie Syndrome is a term we have coined to describe a type of woman who desires attention for having a difficult pregnancy or having a premature baby.
	www.justmommies.com /articles/faking-preterm-labor.shtml (665 words)

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