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Topic: Munda languages

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	Munda languages - Encyclopedia.com
		Munda languages, group of languages generally regarded as a subfamily of the Southeast Asian family of languages.
		Among the Munda languages, Korku takes a special position because it is the westernmost of all the Munda languages, and because it lost contact with the...
		The principal languages are Marathi, Gujarati, Urdu, Hindi, Konkani, Telugu, Sindhi, Tamil, and Kanarese.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Mundalan.html (796 words)

	Indian Languages - Hindi, marathi, kannada, tamil, telugu, assamese, malayalam, punjabi, guarati, konkani
		The oldest documented Dravidian Indian language is Tamil, with a substantial body of literature, particularly the Cankam poetry, going back to the first century A.D. Kannada and Telugu developed extensive bodies of literature after the sixth century, while Malayalam split from Tamil as a literary language by the twelfth century.
		In spite of the profound influence of the Sanskrit language and Sanskritic culture on the Dravidian languages, a strong consciousness of the distinctness of Dravidian languages from Sanskrit remained.
		Languages entering South Asia were "Indianized." Scholars cite the presence of retroflex consonants, characteristic structures in verb formations, and a significant amount of vocabulary in Sanskrit with Dravidian or Austroasiatic origin as indications of mutual borrowing, influences, and counterinfluences.
	www.nriol.com /indian-languages.asp (877 words)

	The Major Indian Languages: Mumbai/Bombay pages (fonts, software, literature etc)
		Hindi is used as second language; some bilingual ability in all social groups for education and contact with non-Haryanvi speakers.
		Languages and dialects in the Western Hindi group are Hindustani, Bangaru, Braj Bhasha, Kanauji, Bundeli.
		Language use is vigorous in home and community in most areas.
	theory.tifr.res.in /bombay/history/people/language (1412 words)

	Indian Lexicon: An Overview (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This Indian lexicon seeks to establish a semantic concordance, across the languages or numeraire facile of the Indian linguistic area: from Brahui to Santali to Bengali, from Kashmiri to Mundarica to Sinhalese, from Marathi to Hindi to Nepali, from Sindhi or Punjabi or Urdu to Tamil.
		A semantic structure binds the languages of India, which may have diverged morphologically or phonologically as evidenced in the oral tradition of Vedic texts, or epigraphy, literary works or lexicons of the historical periods.
		This lexicon, therefore, goes beyond, the commonly held belief of an Indo-European language and is anchored on proto-Indian sememes.
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/html/indlexmain.htm (1446 words)

	Munda languages
		Munda Languages are spoken in north east India.
		The origins of the Munda languages are not firmly established; it is generally thought that the Munda languages are autochthonous languages of eastern India.
		Characteristics of the Munda languages include three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), two gender classes (animate and inanimate) for nouns, and the use of either suffixes or auxiliaries for indicating the tenses of verb forms.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/m/mu/munda_languages.html (333 words)

	Munda Languages - Karr.net (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The origins of the Munda languages are not known, though it is generally thought that they are autochthonous languages of eastern India.
		Munda languages influenced other Indian languages like Sanskrit and the Dravidian languages, and were in turn strongly affected by these languages.
		Characteristics of the Munda languages include three grammatical numbers (singular, dual, and plural), two genders (animate and inanimate), a distinction between inclusive and exclusive first person plural pronouns, and the use of either suffixes or auxiliaries to indicate tense.
	216.92.11.22 /encyclopedia/Munda_languages (478 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Battle of Munda
		Munda is the largest settlement on the island of New Georgia in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.
		Munda, in Hinduism, is a monster that was killed by Chamunda Devi.
		Munda languages are a language family spoken by about 9,000,000 people in east-central and central India.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Battle-of-Munda (3255 words)

	BANGLAPEDIA: Tribal Languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Munda, Santali, Kol, Khasia, Garo and Kurukh are interrelated languages.
		Munda and Kurukh are regarded as the same language as the syntax and verbs of both are almost identical.
		Garo language the Garo language is, undoubtedly, an unwritten language, albeit an ancient Aryan language.
	www.banglapedia.org /HT/T_0222.HTM (3333 words)

	Languages of Orissa,Major Languages of Orissa India,Orissa Laguages
		Oriya is one of the 14 regional languages recognized by the Indian constitution.
		It is believed that the Munda were once more widely distributed but retreated to their present homelands with the advance and spread of peoples having a more elaborate culture.
		Along with their languages, the Munda have tended to preserve their own culture, although the government of India encourages their assimilation to the larger Indian society.
	www.indiantravelportal.com /orissa/languages (1086 words)

	Munda Bibliography
		A primer of the Asur dukma^, a dialect of the Kolarian language.
		Nottrott, A. Grammatik der Kolh-Sprache [ =Grammar of the Kolh language].
		With an appendix: the Palaung, Wa, and Riang languages of the central Salwin].
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /faculty/stampe/AA/Munda/BIBLIO/biblio.authors (11335 words)

	Austroasiatic Languages: Munda and Mon-Khmer
		Rhythm and the synthetic drift of Munda (.pdf file), in Rajendra Singh (ed.), The Yearbook of South Asian Languages and Linguistics 2004, pp.
		Munda Lexical Archive, an ongoing copylefted archive of most of the lexical materials available from the non-Kherwarian Munda languages, assembled, analyzed, and arranged by Patricia J. Donegan & David Stampe.
		A hypertext grammar of the Mon language, from Aaron Broadwell's fieldwork course at the University of Albany.
	www.ling.hawaii.edu /faculty/stampe/aa.html (840 words)

	K. David Harrison, Ph.D.
		(with Gregory Anderson and Toshiki Osada) In Gregory Anderson (Ed.) The Munda Languages.
		In Peter Austin (Ed.) Language Documentation and Description Vol 3.
		In Edward Vajda (Ed.), Languages and Prehistory of Central Siberia.
	www.swarthmore.edu /SocSci/dharris2/publications.php (407 words)

	mundari
		Some scholars divide the languages into two subfamilies: the North Munda (spoken in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of Bihar, Bengal, and Orissa) including Korku, Santhali, Mundari, Bhumij, and Ho; and the South Munda (spoken in central Orissa and along the border between Andhra Pradesh and Orissa).
		North Munda (of which Santhali is the chief language) is the more important of the two groups; its languages are spoken by about nine-tenths of Munda speakers.
		Characteristics of the Munda languages include three numbers (singular, dual, and plural), two gender classes (animate and inanimate) for nouns, and the use of either suffixes or auxiliaries for indicating the tenses of verb forms.
	www.tribalzone.net /language/mundari.htm (328 words)

	Mon-Khmer languages, introduction and jump to lecture series
		The Mon-Khmer languages of SEAsia, together with the Munda languages of India, form the Austroasiatic Family, an ancient stock that dominated before the colonisation of the region by Thais, Burmese, Malays and Indo-Aryans.
		The languages are analytical in their grammar, with only a modest morphological systems, utilising prefixation and infixation for mostly derivational purposes.
		The set of phonemes in MK languages can be quite large and have some unusual types of articulation in comparison to other languages of the world, including imploded and/or glottalised consonants, voiceless nasal and lateral sounds, and there may be tones or so-called âregistersâ, distinguishing breathy and/or creaky vowels.
	www.anu.edu.au /~u9907217/languages/languages.html (819 words)

	MUNDAS - Online Information article about MUNDAS
		Of these it is most closely related to the Kurku language of the Mahadeo hills in the Central Provinces.
		He also coined the name Munda for the smaller of them, which has later on often been spoken of under other denominations, such as Kolarian and Kherwarian.
		Among the various members of this vast group the Munda languages are most closely related to the Mon-Khmer family of Farther India.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MOS_NAN/MUNDAS.html (2118 words)

	Austro-Asiatic Language Family
		Languages of the World is brought to you by the National Virtual Translation Center.
		Most of the languages that belong to this family are spoken in Southeast Asia, in countries located between China and Indonesia.
		For instance, The Munda branch has been influenced by synthetic, non-tonal Ind0-Aryan languages, the Mon-Khmer branch, on the other hand, was influenced by analytic, tonal languages of China.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/april/AustroAsiaticLanguageFamily.htm (345 words)

	Austro-Asiatic languages Summary
		In India the Munda languages, which are in contact with the Aryan and Dravidian languages, have a complicated word structure that permits two or more syllables per word and an extensive system of grammatical affixes for both nouns and verbs.
		The classification of Austroasiatic languages is a difficult issue, particularly because many of the languages are not well known or studied, while the better-known ones have borrowed significant lexicon and even grammar from unrelated languages such as Chinese, Pali, and Malay.
		It is widely believed that the Austroasiatic languages are the autochthonous languages of Southeast Asia and eastern India, and that the other languages of the region, including the Indo-European, Tai-Kadai, and Sino-Tibetan languages, are the result of later migrations of people.
	www.bookrags.com /Austro-Asiatic_languages (1479 words)

	JOHAR ADIVASI - a community website for adivasis
		It is believed that the Munda were once more widely distributed but retreated to their present homelands with the advance and spread of peoples having a more elaborate culture.
		Along with their languages, the Munda have tended to preserve their own culture, although the government of India encourages their assimilation to the larger Indian society.
		The Munda tribe celebrates several festivals like Mage, Phagu, Karam, Sarhul, and Sohrai etc. Sarhul is the important festival of Mundas, which is celebrated in the month of March-April.
	www.joharadivasi.com /subtribes/munda.php (676 words)

	People (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ethnic diversity is reflected in the variety of languages and dialects used in India - 17 major languages and 900 dialects or closely related subsidiary languages.
		Tamil is spoken in Tamilnadu, Telugu in Andhra Pradesh, Kannada in Karnataka and Malayalam in Kerala.
		Tribal groups of Oraon, Munda and Santhal scattered through the highlands of eastern and central India use the languages of the Austro-Asiatic family, but many of the dialects with only oral traditions have lost.
	www.goindiago.com /culture/people.htm (348 words)

	Munda \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The term Munda is used in a variety of contexts:Munda, an early Hoysala chieftain from Malnad KarnatakaMunda is the largest settlement on the island of New Georgia in the Western Province of the Solomon Islands.
		Munda languages are a language family spoken by about 9,000,000 people in eastern and central India.
		Munda people are a tribal (Adivasi) people of eastern India and parts of Bangladesh.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Munda/English (237 words)

	Munda
		Munda is the latin name of Mondego River, in nowadays Portugal.
		Mundari language is a member of the Munda language family spoken by the Munda people.
		Arjun Munda, the Chief Minister of Jharkhand, a state of India.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DMunda (195 words)

	Overstock.com: Munda Languages : Books
		The Munda group of languages of the Austroasiatic family are spoken by so-called `tribals` in central and eastern India.
		The Munda language family is old in eastern and central India - older than the Dravidianand Indo-Aryan languages now found in their territory.
		The ancestor language of Proto-Munda and the cognate Mon-Khmer (Khmer-Nicobar) languages, viz.
	www.overstock.com /cgi-bin/d2.cgi?PAGE=PRODUCT&PROD_ID=1800818&cid=97227&fp=F (696 words)

	kalyan97 - Indic family of languages (Site not responding. Last check: )
		There are, of course, great numbers of actual loanwords, some in Greek from pre-Greek sources, many in Latin from Greek, still more in most of the European languages from Latin or in many cases more specifically from Frenh; again from early Germanic and later from German in Balto-Slavic and from Slavic in Rumanian.
		By the study of synonyms, their etymology and semantic history, one seeks to show the various sources of a given notion, the trails of its evolution...
		Whitney's work lists all the quotable roots of the Sanskrit language together with the tense and conjugation-systems made from them, the noun and adjective (infinitival and participal) formations that attach themselves most closely to the verb and with the other derivative noun and adjective-stems usually classed as primary.
	kalyan97.googlepages.com /indicfamilyoflanguages (1497 words)

	Austroasiatic languages Details, Meaning Austroasiatic languages Article and Explanation Guide
		The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family of Southeast Asia and India.
		It is widely believed that the Austroasiatic languages are the autochthonous languages of Southeast Asia and eastern India, and that the other languages of the region, including the Indo European, Tai-Kadai, and Sino-Tibetan languages, are the result of later movements of people.
		The Ethnologue identifies 168 Austroasiatic languages, of which 147 are Mon-Khmer languages and 21 are Munda languages.
	www.e-paranoids.com /a/au/austroasiatic_languages.html (303 words)

	language families of the world
		Languages include Hindi and Urdu (400 million), Bengali (200 million), Spanish (300 million), Portuguese (200 million), French (100 million), German (100 million), Russian (300 million), and English (400 million) in Europe and the Americas.
		There are three language isolates represented on this map, unrelated to any of the language families: Basque thrives between France and Spain.
		The Kartvelian languages are considered by many linguists to be a separate family, possibly related to Indo-European.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/languagefamilies.html (835 words)

	History of Jharkhand @ Ranchi Express Online : Portal to Jharkhand, India [Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro etc.]
		Munda revolt under the leadership of Vishnu Manaki.
		Munda revolt under the stewardship of Dukhan Manaki of Tamar.
		Munda revolt in Palamau under the leadership of Bhukan Singh.
	www.ranchiexpress.com /maindocs/history.htm (720 words)

	langpg4
		The Munda languages are spoken in east-central India and Nepal.
		The Mon-Khmer languages are spoken in northeastern India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, two provinces of southern China, and the Nicobar Islands in the Indian Ocean (as well as in emigrant communities in a number of other countries across the world).
		The Dravidians and Indo-Aryans invaded India and overran much of the Munda territory, doubtlessly reducing the AA population and certainly leaving the Munda languages scattered in small groups.
	home.att.net /~lvhayes/Langling/langpg4.htm (723 words)

	E T H N O P O E T I C S :: Endangered Languages. Endangered Poetries
		The disappearance of languages and the disappearance of poetries are part of the same phenomenon the darker side, in their endangerment, of the struggle to achieve a global sense of cultural diversity.
		The following account and the partial list of the world's languages that follows might be pondered in relation to Bernard Heidsieck's great sound poem, Vaduz [presented elsewhere on Ubuweb], in which the names of countries and cultures form a series of concentric circles with the capital of Lichtenstein at their center.
		Researchers are fighting against time to save decades of data on the world's endangered languages from ending on the digital scrap heap.
	www.ubu.com /ethno/discourses/rothenberg_endangered.html (666 words)

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