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Topic: Munich crisis

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Jan Syrovy

1960

In the News (Thu 16 Feb 12)

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	Text 100 Public Relations a PR Consultancy
		Munich is not only one of the largest technology centers of this region, but is also home to most German IT media.
		Text 100 is a member of DPRG, GPRA, Munich Network and a partner of the Management Academy.
		Since the opening of the Munich office in 1992, we have worked with companies of all types and sizes.
	www.text100.com /city_munich.asp (210 words)

	Whiskey Bar: Munich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Munich — the name, not the movie — has long been one of the neoconservative movement's most cherished political symbols, a kind of short-hand description for everything the neocons despise about liberals and their approach to foreign policy.
		Munich is a '30s newsreel of a feeble old man standing on an airport tarmac, holding an umbrella in one hand and waving a meaningless scrap of paper in the other.
		Munich is the betrayal of the Czechs and the perfidy of the French and the sound of jackboots marching down cobblestone European streets.
	billmon.org /archives/002385.html (1907 words)

	Munich massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Munich massacre occurred during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, when members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist organization Black September, a group with ties to Yasser Arafat's Fatah organization.
		In both ESPN/ABC's documentary The Tragedy of the Munich Games and in Kevin Macdonald's Academy Award-winning documentary One Day in September, it is claimed that the October 29 hijacking was only a show, concocted by Germany and the PLO to allow Germany to release the three Palestinian prisoners.
		Of those believed to have planned the Munich massacre, only Abu Daoud, the man who claims that the attack was his idea, is known to be alive, and is believed to be in hiding somewhere in the Middle East or in Africa.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Munich_Massacre (5160 words)

	Munich Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Munich Agreement was an agreement regarding the Sudetenland Crisis between the major powers of Europe after a conference held in Munich, Germany in 1938 and signed on September 29.
		Because Czechoslovakia was not invited to the conference, the Munich Agreement is commonly called the Munich Dictate by Czechs and Slovaks.
		This is often confused with the Four-Power Munich Agreement itself, not least because most photographs of Chamberlain's return show him waving the paper containing the resolution, not the Munich Agreement itself.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Munich_Agreement (1321 words)

	Czech and Slovak History: An Annotated Bibliography (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Munich Agreement and occupation of Prague in Chapters 20 and 25.
		Munich Agreement and occupation of Prague in Chapters 3 and 4.
		Jawaharlal Nehru and the Munich Betrayal of Czechoslovakia.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/cash/cash8.html (7433 words)

	The Authentic History Center
		Because Czechoslovakia was not invited to conference, the Munich Agreement is commonly called the Munich Dictate by the Czechs.
		The phrase Munich betrayal is also being frequently used, especially because of the military alliances between Czechoslovakia and France and between France and Britain, that were not taken into account.
		Chamberlain holds the Munich Agreement on his return from Germany in September 1938.A deal was reached, however, and on September 29, Adolf Hitler, Neville Chamberlain, Edouard Daladier and Benito Mussolini signed the Munich Agreement.
	www.authentichistory.com /ww2/news/19380926_Hitler-War_Over_Sudetenland.html (693 words)

	Forum on Iraq: No appeasement in our time
		Munich was the culmination of many international crises in the 1930s.
		The spirit of Munich is the illness of the will-power.
		Munich allowed Hitler to eliminate a second front and acquire all of Czechoslovakia's military stores without exhausting his own, thereby making him a much more formidable foe a year later when he invaded Poland.
	www.post-gazette.com /forum/comm/20021213edrugg15p1.asp (1279 words)

	Reliving the Munich massacre
		The second is the massacre of 11 Israeli athletes by Palestinian gunmen during the 1972 Olympics, an event which had been staged in Munich specifically to overcome the city's unsavoury past as the birthplace of Hitler's movement and the scene of his greatest diplomatic triumph.
		Munich, which received its first private UK viewing last night (it will not be shown in cinemas until the end of January), is a docudrama that begins as fl-and-white TV reality and veers off on filmic fantasy.
		Munich may not be propaganda in the same spinning sense but it cannot simulate the horror of those terrible 21 hours in September 1972.
	www.scena.org /columns/lebrecht/051213-NL-munich.html (1037 words)

	The Munich Crisis and Iraq by William L. Anderson
		Thus, the justification for war against Iraq goes as follows: The western powers refused to stand up against Hitler, and ultimately their cowardice enabled Germany to gain military strength, which ultimately produced an even more destructive war than what the cowardly politicians were trying to prevent.
		I believe this is a mistake, as the proponents of war have been able to use Munich as a justification for nearly any war in which the United States elects to fight.
		Indeed, Munich has much to teach us, but the lessons to learn are not the lessons that the current set of warriors are trying to teach us.
	www.lewrockwell.com /anderson/anderson65.html (1572 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Munich Pact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Neither Czechoslovakia nor the Soviet Union, which had offered aid to the threatened country under the terms of a 1935 treaty, was invited to the conference.
		Poland and Hungary, for whose minorities promises had been made at Munich, were allowed to seize, respectively, the Teschen district and parts of Slovakia.
		The Munich Pact became a symbol of appeasement and shook the confidence of Eastern Europeans in the good faith of the Western democracies.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/m/munichp1a.asp (448 words)

	British Reaction to the Munich Crisis
		This crisis caused a great chasm in British opinion sharply dividing those who supported appeasement as the preserver of peace against those who regarded it as a humiliating surrender.
		Munich was a victory in their opinion since it preserved the peace.
		C.F. Melville, "The Czech Crisis: The Foreground," Fortnightly, 150 (Oct. 1938): 392.
	www.loyno.edu /~history/journal/1993-4/Lilly.html (6134 words)

	PLEON.COM: Crisis Management
		Professional crisis communications and systematic issues management are the instruments that enable a company to gain this advantage.
		Crisis communication and issues management protect and, ideally, improve your reputation, and they can allow you to regain lost trust.
		Crisis situations always affect an entire company, and crisis communication is critical to success.
	www.pleon.com /Crisis-Management.104.0.html (223 words)

	Munich Agreement
		Desperate to avoid war, and anxious to avoid an alliance with Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union, Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier agreed that Germany could have the Sudetenland.
		The Munich Agreement was popular with most people in Britain because it appeared to have prevented a war with Germany.
		One was that in criticizing the settlement of Munich, they were criticizing the wrong thing and the the wrong date.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWmunich.htm (2479 words)

	WWS 547 Case Study: “MUNICH” Reassessing the Diplomatic Value of Appeasement, by Macregor Duncan
		Sharon’s reference to the Munich Conference of 1938 – where the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain disastrously attempted to satisfy Adolf Hitler’s territorial ambitions – was scarcely a novel one in the annals of recent diplomatic history.
		The problem with this “lesson of Munich,” however, is that it is predicated upon the “Great Betrayal” interpretation of the 1930s, and thus draws specious conclusions with respect to the utility of appeasement as a diplomatic tool.
		Therefore any attempt to solve a crisis by military resistance should be avoided.” The example is misleading because there have been plenty of crises successfully resolved by military resistance, but not many successful cases for appeasement, hence the importance of the Munch story.
	www.wws.princeton.edu /~cases/papers/appeasement.html (6955 words)

	The Memphis Flyer :: the mid-south's news weekly: Film: Film Reviews: Deadly Deja Vu
		Yet beneath it all, there seems to be a level of resentment generated by the mere fact that Spielberg, perhaps not the most politically astute of directors, would attempt to examine the complexities, moral and logistical, of what has probably become the single most important issue of our times: terrorism and its concomitant response.
		The resulting hostage crisis is handled skillfully by Spielberg as a barrage of media coverage, obscuring the human detail of the tragedy and replacing it with the everyday language of televised terror we have come to know so well.
		The Munich crisis forced Israel to confront many of the issues that have sprung up in America post-9/11, and this film forces us to examine ourselves in the light of itshh tactics and failures.
	www.memphisflyer.com /gyrobase/Content?oid=oid:11793 (972 words)

	Roughly around the same time when Winston Churchill thanked Britain's fighter pilots for successfully resisting the ...
		Therefore, the pessimistic Chief of Staff reports during the Rhineland crisis greatly overestimated the strength of the Germans, especially the Luftwaffe, who was hardly out of infancy during that time.
		Although the lack of adequate rearmament was sorely felt in the Abyssinian crisis and in all subsequent military confrontations, Appeasement policy mainly arose out of failure to correctly gauge the enemy's military ability.
		Munich was really a logical culmination to Chamberlain's approach to foreign policy.
	members.tripod.com /~leavis/ww2.html (4374 words)

	Asian Turtle Crisis
		Today, there is no more serious turtle crisis than that which is taking place in Southeast Asia and southern China.
		We are facing a turtle survival crisis unprecedented in its severity and risk.
		We are seeking reports from Southeast Asian countries on the population status and degree of exploitation of their indigenous turtles, as well as information on local and international protective efforts.
	nytts.org /asianturtlecrisis.html (1135 words)

	Warhorse Simulations: History Papers: "Submit to a Humiliation"
		The annexation of Austria in itself caused no European crisis, partly because of the speed with which the situation developed, but mainly due to the fact that neither France nor Britain had any intention of going to war to prevent Germans from joining Germany.
		During the September crisis, Mason-MacFarlane made a trip by automobile from Prague to Berlin, and reported his observations on the state of Czech military preparations directly to Halifax when he reached London on the 27th.
		Czech morale during the September crisis, and the circumstances under which they would or would not have resisted an invasion, is still a subject of some contention, due to the intangible nature of the question.
	www.warhorsesim.com /papers/munichcrisis.htm (11066 words)

	The Authentic History Center
		Britain and France, ill-prepared for the outbreak of hostilities, seemed to be in agreement, and on September 29, British and French prime ministers Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier traveled to Munich, Germany, to meet with Hitler and seek a resolution to the crisis.
		The leaders of the great European democracies settled on appeasement of Hitler, and on September 30 signed the Munich Pact, thus giving Czechoslovakia away to German conquest.
		Daladier abhorred the agreement, but Chamberlain was elated, and upon returning to London praised the Munich Pact for bringing "peace in our time." The next day, Germany annexed the Sudetenland, and by March of 1939, nearly all of Czechoslovakia was under German control.
	www.authentichistory.com /ww2/news/19380929_Max_Jordan_On_Big_Four_Meeting.html (846 words)

	CNNSI.com - Soccer - Bayern turns up heat in title race with six-goal rout - Saturday February 23, 2002 01:18 PM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Bayern Munich, after an uninspired match against Porto Wednesday in the Champions League, finally was impressive against Cottbus.
		The Bavarians, playing in front of 28,000 at Munich's Olympiastadion, charged out from the start and were rewarded in the 15th when Scholl's left cross was headed in by a diving Pizarro.
		Cottbus's problems against a spirited looking Munich side got worse when Janos Matyus was ejected in the 44th and Laurentio Rehgecampf in the 58th.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /soccer/news/2002/02/23/germany_saturday_ap (572 words)

	"Radio Days - Munich Crisis" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On Thursday, September 29, the four powers, Germany, England, France and Italy met in Munich to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia.
		Crisis: A Report From the Columbia Broadcasting System.
		For more information on the Munich Crisis click here for the Web Explorer.
	www.otr.com /munich.html (2243 words)

	HyperWar: British War Production [Chapter III]
		During the crisis the gaps in British defences and equipment revealed themselves to the naked eye of the public, and on the morrow of Munich even the uninitiated understood to what extent Mr.
		As a result of the crisis and of the new mood which it induced the Admiralty was at last able to grasp the final object of its desires and to plan for a 'two-power standard'.
		By the time of the Munich crisis a revision, and perhaps a radical one, of the current army programmes was long overdue.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/UN/UK/UK-Civil-WarProduction/UK-Civil-WarProduction-3.html (18839 words)

	RedOrbit - Technology - On The Right Wavelength
		The crisis surrounding the Munich Agreement of September 1938 marked the coming-of-age of radio in America as a serious source of news from overseas.
		In fact, Kaltenborn never actually explained the significance of the Munich crisis until it was safely over, when, for the first time, he suggested that it had given the policy of appeasement a dirty name.
		Between the Munich crisis and Pearl Harbor, radio as a medium functioned as little more than a cheerleader for Roosevelt's policy of interventionism, particularly with regard to Britain.
	www.redorbit.com /news/technology/397052/on_the_right_wavelength/index.html?source=r_technology (3297 words)

	CNNSI.com - SI Online - The Mastermind - Tuesday August 20, 2002 02:35 PM
		Though Israel had long known of his role at Munich -- Mossad was believed to have been involved in a 1981 assassination attempt in which he was shot six times -- he even carried an Israeli-issued VIP pass that allowed him to shuttle between his home in Amman, Jordan, and the occupied territories.
		In the U.S., former senator Howard Metzenbaum (D., Ohio) -- who had watched the Munich crisis unfold on TV with his neighbors in suburban Cleveland, the parents of Israeli-American victim David Berger -- led a campaign to keep U.S. bookstores from stocking Abu Daoud's memoir.
		Though he wasn't involved in conceiving or implementing it, "the [Munich] operation had the endorsement of Arafat." Arafat is not known to have responded to the allegations in Abu Daoud's book.
	sportsillustrated.cnn.com /si_online/news/2002/08/20/sb2 (729 words)

	ei: "Munich": Spielberg's thrilling crisis of conscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		But Munich's director Steven Spielberg, for now, is more interested in what's going on in the mind of the Israeli agent in charge of the state's response to the Munich killings.
		Avner fruitlessly asks for evidence that the men he killed were involved in planning Munich, bringing to full circle the theme of accountability set up earlier in the film by a Mossad accountant repetitively asking Avner to save his receipts.
		What drives the film is Spielberg's own crisis of faith in a nation which carries an entire religion's symbol on its flag while it routinely carries out its extra-judicial "targeted killings" with deadly consequences for innocents caught in less-than-precision operations.
	electronicintifada.net /v2/article4393.shtml (1328 words)

	Munich Crisis of September 1938
		On the eve of the Munich Crisis of September 1938, "anchored" at Villa Seurat to complete Tropic of Capricorn, Miller suddenly resolved to follow expatriate friends and associates in flight.
		By the time the funds for his fare caught up with him, there were no more berths to be had, and the trains to the ports of Le Harve and Cherbourg, passing back through Paris, were hopelessly congested with other eleventh-hour fugitives.
		The crisis past, Miller returned to Paris to revise, proof, and see Tropic of Capricorn through publication, but he did so with an understanding that it would mark the end of a phase of his life and work.
	www.henry-miller.com /tropic/8-the-last-book/munich-crisis-of-september-1938.html (547 words)

	Central Europe Review - Book Review: The Life of Edvard Benes, 1884-1948 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		After the Munich crisis he could do no wrong in the eyes of the western liberal intelligentsia.
		When discussing the Munich crisis he notes that Benes "found it hard to act resolutely when he felt that the tide of events had turned against him." (p.131) This seems a particularly sharp insight.
		A man consumed by self-confidence and impatient of other opinions will ride confident and high on a tide which he knows is running in his direction; but such a person is hopelessly adrift when he realises that the flow is in the opposite direction.
	www.ce-review.org /99/22/books22_crampton.html (1318 words)

	Sudetenland
		Describe the events of the Sudeten crisis of 1938.
		Before 1938, Britain had already given way to Hitler on a number of occasions, but it was the events of the Sudeten crisis which showed appeasement in action – trying to buy off Hitler by giving way to his demands.
		At first Chamberlain refused, but then he decided that Czechoslovakia was not one of the ‘great issues’ which justified war, but just ‘a quarrel in a far-away country between people of whom we know nothing’.
	www.johndclare.net /RoadtoWWII5.htm (287 words)

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