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Topic: Munich Soviet Republic

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Bavarian Soviet Republic

Spartakist League

Clara Zetkin

Kurt Eisner

USPD

Karl Liebknecht

Rosa Luxemburg

228 Incident

Communist Party of Germany

Gustav Bauer

Lujo Brentano

Freikorps

Ernst Niekisch

Fascism

National Bolshevism

	Soviet Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soviet republic, a republic ruled by soviets (workers' councils), may refer to one of the following:
		Soviet Republic of Naissaar, on an island in the Baltic Sea (1917-1918)
		Limerick Soviet (April 15-27 1919) established by Limerick trade union council during a general strike against British military rule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Soviet_republic (311 words)

	Bavarian Soviet Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bavarian Soviet Republic (German: Bayrische Räterepublik), also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Münchner Räterepublik), was a short-lived revolutionary government in the German state of Bavaria in 1919 that sought to replace the fledgling Weimar Republic in its early days.
		On 6 April, the "Bavarian Soviet Republic" was proclaimed.
		Soon after, on 3 May 1919, the Freikorps (having a force of 30,000 men) together with the "White Guards of Capitalism" (as the communist called them, having a force of 9,000) entered the Bavarian Soviet Republic and defeated the Communists, after bitter street fights in which over 1,000 volunteer supporters of the government were killed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Munich_Soviet_Republic (616 words)

	Munich, Germany
		In 1255, Munich became the official town of residence of the Duchy of Bavaria-Munich and the Alter Hof had to be expanded in order to accommodate this.
		The 19th Century brought Munich much that shaped its unique character: In 1826 it became a university town and in 1857 the first Weisswürst (white sausage, a Bavarian speciality) were eaten and the new town hall was built.
		Munich was as a result the third largest town in Germany.
	worldfacts.us /Germany-Munich.htm (1927 words)

	Mariategui: History of the World Crisis, Lecture 6. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Munich proletariat also waged courageous battles, and the repression in Munich was bloodier, and more costly for the proletariat than the repression in Berlin.
		The soviet republic of Munich was one of artificial sovietism, of communist window dressing, but this was natural.
		Thus, the life of this soviet republic could not be a long one.
	www.marxists.org /archive/mariateg/works/1924-hwc/hwc06.htm (3989 words)

	Fascism www.wikipedia.org
		Furthermore, the fact that fascist states, on the one hand, and the USSR and the Soviet bloc, on the other, were police states does not mean that their commonality is a product of socialism.
		The Munich Agreement between Germany, France and Britain heightened Soviet fears that the western powers were endeavoring to force them to bear the brunt of a war against Nazism.
		The Soviets changed their policy and negotiated a non-aggression pact known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Fascism/Fascism_Wikipedia.html (6595 words)

	Leviné’s Last Speech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Leviné had opposed the declaration of the Council Republic but like Rosa Luxemburg before him he saw it as a matter of revolutionary honour to fight alongside the most militant section of the working class, even when he believed the struggle was doomed to defeat.
		The Munich workers have known me only for a short time and some of them may be gnawed by doubts as to whether I am really worthy of the confidence they have placed in me. As I am no longer free, I must use this trial to set everything out clearly.
		As long, however, as that was not achieved, Soviet Republics could and can only be affected in separate places, and we were of course convinced that everyone who felt fit for a given post must accept it if no one else was available.
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/History/Levine.html (4063 words)

	Counter Revolution Raises Its Head
		As soon as the news reached Munich of the establishment of a soviet republic in Hungary, Ernst Toller, a playwright and leader of the USPD, proposed the establishment of a government of workers' and soldiers' councils.
		A new soviet republic was declared on 7 April based on newly elected workers' councils in the factories, whose immediate task was to organise resistance against the imminent threat of Hoffmann's troops.
		The workers gritted their teeth and took inspiration from the newly formed soviet republic in Hungary, the existence of powerful workers' councils in Austria, a strike wave in the Ruhr, and a state of emergency in Stuttgart.
	www.marxist.com /germany/chapter3.html (3289 words)

	Czech Republic - Soviet Annexation of Subcarpathian Ruthenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Soviet military forces prevented both the printing and the posting of the Czechoslovak proclamation and proceeded instead to organize the local population.
		Soviet activities led much of the local population to believe that Soviet annexation was imminent.
		The Soviet Union agreed to postpone annexation until the postwar period to avoid compromising Benes's policy based on the pre-Munich frontiers.
	countrystudies.us /czech-republic/35.htm (387 words)

	the unknown hitler: nazi roots in the occult
		the unknown hitler: nazi roots in the occult on april 6, 1919, in bavaria, left wing socialists and anarchists pro- claimed the bavarian soviet republic.
		after the bavarian republic had been defeated by the whites, in may, hitler's superiors put him to work in the post revolution investigating commission.
		architect of the law was ernst rudin, professor of psychiatry at the munich university, director of the kaiser-wilhelm institute for genealogy, and of the research institute for psychiatry.
	www.beyondweird.com /ufos/Bruce_Walton_The_Underground_Nazi_Invasion_44.html (3656 words)

	SI - readmsg.aspx msgid=22109395 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Following World War II and the rise of the Soviet Union many of the objections to Communism took on an added urgency because of the stated Communist view that the ideology was universal.
		There were fears that powerful nations like the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China were using their power to forcibly assimilate other countries into communist rule, in a new form of imperialism.
		Fascism and "Soviet" Communism are political systems that arose to prominence after World War I. Historians of the period between World War I and World War II such as E.H. Carr and Eric Hobsbawm point out that liberal democracy was under serious stress in this period and seemed to be a doomed philosophy.
	www.siliconinvestor.com /readmsg.aspx?msgid=22109395 (3763 words)

	Wikinfo \| Weimar Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A Soviet republic would be declared in Munich only to be put down by Freikorps and regular army units, and sporadic fighting would continue to flare up around the country.
		By the Great Depression of the 1930s, the institution of the Republic as such was blamed by many for the economic problems; this is apparent in the election results where the political parties that wanted to disband the Republic altogether on both the right and the left wings made a democratic majority in Parliament impossible.
		That it caused many to identify the Republic with cuts in social spending and extremely liberal economics is probably safe to say; whether there were alternatives to this policy at the time the Great Depression had reached its full impact is a different question.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Weimar_Republic (4243 words)

	[No title]
		british, american, israeli and soviet intelligence all have a standing agreement to jointly reap the benefits of having an extra-governmental network with which to run renegade unapproved operations untraceable back to the parent organization.
		the power ruling the banana republics of central america is and has been the united fruit co. every coup in the region has been backed by united fruit, which ran the nations of central america as slave-labor plantations.
		architect of the law was ernst rudin, professor of psychiatry at the munich university, director of the kaiser-wilhelm institute for genealog, and of the research institute for psychiatry.
	artofhacking.com /IET/POLITICS/NAZIHIST.TXT (7332 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe
		Under obvious Soviet duress, they were compelled to sign a treaty that provided for the "temporary stationing" of an unspecified number of Soviet troops in Czechoslovakia.
		The Czech Republic has a well educated population and a well developed infrastructure, but its industrial plants and much of its industrial equipment tend to be obsolete.
		The republic's economic transformation is far from complete--the government still faces serious challenges in transforming the housing sector, privatizing the health care system, solving serious environmental problems, and helping newly privatized state-owned companies adjust to the rigors of free-market competition.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/eur/czechrepublic9407.html (3989 words)

	Communist state - China-related Topics CM-CP - China-Related Topics
		Furthermore, the historical states of the Hungarian Soviet Republic, Slovak Soviet Republic and Bavarian Soviet Republic were short-lived revolutionary entities that are difficult to define as "Communist states", because the status of non-communist political parties and movements within them remained unclear.
		Independent of the Soviet Union, the Chinese Revolution led to the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and the First Indochina War led to the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in North Vietnam in 1954.
		The Soviet practice of making it illegal to quit one's job, or to hire a dissident, or his relatives, is regarded by the critics as tantamount to slavery.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Communist_state (4276 words)

	The soul of an enigma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the speech, he focused on the consequences for Russia and Russians: the deterioration of domestic stability and a period of economic chaos and decline; millions of Russians finding themselves adrift in the newly freed satellites.
		But Bush went significantly beyond denouncing the former Soviet Union, suggesting that the United States was almost as complicit in determining the fate of Eastern Europe and the Balkans.
		But the former was a naive wish for peace, while the latter was a cynical division of the spoils of conquest.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/opinions/articles/0511robb11.html (740 words)

	Munich 3 Germany Photo Gallery by Luc VN at pbase.com
		After the murder of the first republican premier of Bavaria Kurt Eisner in February 1919 Communists took power establishing the Bavarian Soviet Republic (Münchner Räterepublik) which was put down already on May 3, 1919 by the militarist Freikorps, many of whom were later drawn to Adolf Hitler and National Socialism.
		The NSDAP headquarters were in Munich and many Führerbauten ("Führer-buildings") were built around the Königsplatz, some of which have survived to this day.
		Bavaria statueIn 1938, the Munich Agreement was signed in the city, ceding the mostly German speaking Sudetenland, previously a part of Czechoslovakia since the end of WWI, to Germany.
	www.pbase.com /luc_vn/munich3 (337 words)

	MUNICHFOUND CITY MAGAZINE
		In 1900, the population of Munich numbered 500,000.
		1958 - Munich celebrates its 800 year anniversary 1958 - The entire Manchester United soccer team is killed in a plane crash into the towers of Paul Heyse Church near the Theresienwiese.
		Home of the Munich Philharmonic, four concert halls, Munich Adult Education College, a municipal library and the Richard Strauss Conservatory.
	www.munichfound.de /new.cfm?news_ID=683 (1599 words)

	Czech Republic
		Since the collapse of the Soviet regime and the division of the country into two sovereign republics, the rights of the small Czech Jewish population have been fully respected by the authorities.
		Since the break-up of Czechoslovakia in 1993, the ethnic Slovaks in the Czech Republic (184,000 identified themselves as ‘Slovakian’ in the 2001 census but the actual number is estimated at between 315,000 and 500,000) have had to adapt to their new situation as a minority community.
		Its report on the human rights situation in the Czech Republic during the second half of 1999 noted that Czech police often do not intervene to protect Romany citizens from violent attacks and that the courts have a tendency to hand down light sentences against their convicted attackers.
	www.axt.org.uk /antisem/archive/archive4/czechrepublic/czechrepub.htm (9673 words)

	Bavarian Soviet Republic - Historic Event - German Archive: The Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayerische Räterepublik) - ...
		Bavarian Soviet Republic - Historic Event - German Archive: The Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayerische Räterepublik) - also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Münchner Räterepublik) - was a short-lived revolutionary government in the German state of Bavaria in 1919 that sought to replace the fledgling Weimar Republic in its early days.
		The Bavarian Soviet Republic (Bayerische Räterepublik) - also known as the Munich Soviet Republic (Münchner Räterepublik) - was a short-lived revolutionary government in the German state of Bavaria in 1919 that sought to replace the fledgling Weimar Republic in its early days.
		Soon after, on 3 May 1919, the proto-fascist Freikorps (having a force of 30,000 men) together with the 'White Guards of Capitalism' (having a force of 9,000) invaded the Bavarian Soviet Republic and defeated the Communists, after bitter street fights in which over 1,000 volunteer supporters of the government were killed.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=381&osCsid=3ff1d3d9fd0157586079ece6e2045eea (619 words)

	"Blood, Honour and Truth." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Thule Club rooms became a nest of resistance to the Marxist revolution and the Munich Soviet Republic.
		Serbottendorff bought a failing Munich newspaper, the Munchen Beobachter (Munich Observer) which he renamed the Volkischer Beobachter (The People's Observer)and it later became the official newspaper of the NSDAP.
		Thule was the "mother" to the German Socialist Party, led by Julius Streicher (William Joyce, aka Lord Haw-Haw), and the right-wing radical Oberland Free Corps.
	american-thule-society.org /thule.htm (2600 words)

	Munich Agreement, 1938 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In the summer of 1938, Hitler voiced active support of the highly publicized demands of the German population of the Sudetenland in the Republic of Czechoslovakia, for annexation of the region into Germany.
		Fearing the outbreak of war, European leaders met in a conference at Munich on September 29.
		Representatives of Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union were not invited.
	www.humboldt.edu /~rescuers/book/Chlup/chluplinks/munich.html (170 words)

	Anarchism in the Spanish Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A Soviet Republic was then proclaimed under the leadership of the libertarian writer Gustav Landauer, who was in turn assassinated by the counter-revolution.
		The proclamation of the Spanish Republic, in 1931, led to an outburst of "anticipatory" writings: Peirats lists about fifty titles, stressing that there were many more, and emphasizes that this "obsession with revolutionary construction" led to a proliferation of writings which contributed greatly to preparing the people for a revolutionary road.
		This was no longer the "defence of the republic" against fascism, it was the Revolution - a Revolution which, unlike the Russian one, did not have to create all its organs of authority from scratch: the election of soviets was made unnecessary by the omnipresent anarcho-syndicalist organization with its various committees at the base.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/1931/guerin/AnSpain.html (8915 words)

	Czech Republic - Government-in-Exile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 1942 Allied repudiation of the Munich Agreement established the political and legal continuity of the First Republic and Benes's presidency.
		The Munich Agreement had been precipitated by the subversive activities of the Sudeten Germans.
		Benes's interest in maintaining friendly relations with the Soviet Union was motivated also by his desire to avoid Soviet encouragement of a postwar communist coup in Czechoslovakia.
	countrystudies.us /czech-republic/31.htm (268 words)

	Paul Smith's Blog - Post details: Communism = democracy
		The soviets (workers' and peasants' councils) were running the state and the economy and everyone was allowed to participate in them.
		There was the 1918-19 German revolution with the Munich Soviet Republic, the Slovakian Soviet Republic, the Hungarian Soviet Republic, the Spanish revolutionary general strike, factory occupations in Italy and in general mass movements of the working class all over the continent.
		Once the Stalinist monstrosity had taken control of the Soviet Union, it's fate was sealed, it had two options before it 1) the workers overthrow the bureaucracy and bring the economy under their control, or 2) the bureaucracy seeing the workers moving against them plunder the state of all it's property and become capitalists.
	blogs.dasmirnov.net /paul/2005/09/21/communism_democracy (2887 words)

	Walter Held: The German Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The history of the Russian Bolshevik Party, the October Revolution, the first years of the Soviet Republic and the Red Army is the history of a grandiose political success unparalleled in revolutionary history.
		The Munich Soviet Republic was only a farce whose tragic demise served but to accentuate the catastrophe of the January days in Berlin.
		This appears to be a loose paraphrase of the Soviet appeal of 11 November 1918, To all German workers’, soldiers’ and sailors’ councils.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/revhist/otherdox/whatnext/heldgerm.html (12409 words)

	"Radio Days - Munich Crisis" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This tiny section of the Czech Republic lay on the border of Germany.
		He declared that the Soviet Union's "War Department is ready immediately to participate in a conference with representatives of the French and Czechoslovakian War Departments to discuss measures appropriate to the moment." Russia, it seemed was ready to meet her obligations with the Czech government.
		On Thursday, September 29, the four powers, Germany, England, France and Italy met in Munich to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia.
	www.otr.com /munich.html (2243 words)

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