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Topic: Municipal Autonomy

Related Topics

Urban secession

Borough

Municipal government

Local government in England

Local government

Parliament of the United Kingdom

City commission government

Factortame case

Parliamentary sovereignty

	Municipal government - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the United States, "Municipal government" is the technical term used to describe local government at the level of the city, town, or village.
		In the United States, municipalities such as cities, towns, or villages are the level of local government below that of the county (although many states also have civil townships which are a separate type of government below the county level but distinct from municipalities).
		Legal: handles all legal matters including writing municipal bonds, verifying the municipality is in compliance with state and federal laws and mandates, and responding to citizen lawsuits where the municipality is a named party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Municipal_government (594 words)

	Urban secession - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Urban secession is a city's secession from its surrounding region, to form a new political unit (usually a state or district or province of the same country as its surroundings, but not always).
		It is the extreme form of urban autonomy, which can be expressed in less formal terms or with ordinary legislation such as a City Charter.
		Louis, and all municipalities in Virginia that are incorporated as cities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Municipal_Autonomy (900 words)

	Honduras - Local Government
		The municipalities are administered by elected corporations, deliberative organs that are accountable to the courts of justice for abuses, and are supposed to be autonomous or independent of the central government's powers.
		The municipal corporations consist of a mayor (alcalde), who is the paramount executive authority in a municipality, and a municipal council that varies in size depending on the population of the municipality.
		Municipalities with annual revenue of more than one million lempiras are to have an auditor named by the municipal corporation; however, in the early 1990s, the majority of Honduran municipalities had an annual revenue of less than one million lempiras.
	countrystudies.us /honduras/88.htm (987 words)

	Municipal government (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the United States, "Municipal government" is the technical term used to describe local government at the level of the city, town, or vilage.
		Legal: handles all legal matters including writing municipal bonds, verifying the municipality is in compliance with state and federal mandates, responding to citizen lawsuits like lawsuits allegedly stemming from municipal actions or inactions.
		Transportation (varies widely): If the municipality has a public bus or light rail service, this function may be handled by its own department or it may be folded into another of the above departments.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/mu/municipal_government.html (518 words)

	Spain - Local Government
		Government at the municipal level is administered by a Municipal Council, the members of which are directly elected by universal suffrage and according to proportional representation.
		Municipal administration in such towns is divided into departments and districts, the leaders of which are ultimately responsible to the mayor.
		As is the case with the municipal councils, the Provincial Council does not have the power to draft major laws, but it may establish regulations based on legislation from the Cortes or the regional parliament.
	countrystudies.us /spain/79.htm (945 words)

	[No title]
		Each municipality has its statutes and, as an autonomous corporation, has its own organs: the mayor, as the head and the representative of the municipality; the municipal council, as the political-administrative directing and control body; and the municipal committee which, with the major at its head, is responsible for carrying out all administrative activities.
		The municipal committee also possesses so-called residual powers, in that it has to carry out all measures which are not by law or the statutes reserved to the council, the major, the municipal clerk or senior civil servants.
		The biggest municipality in South Tyrol in terms of surface area is Sarntal (Val Sarentino) with 302.50 km², and the smallest is Kuens (Caines) with 1.66 km².
	www.provinz.bz.it /english/overview/municipal.htm (827 words)

	PUERTO RICO HERALD: Health Reform Costs Less Than Previous Government-Run System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The new law has not prevented adjoining municipalities from establishing public policies that are incompatible with their neighbors’, nor has it eased the way for small towns to obtain human and financial resources that meet the sophisticated needs of modern municipal development, Cordero said.
		Another issue that highlights the need for municipal empowerment is that all utilities, roads, and telecommunications are planned by the central government with little or no input from mayors or municipal governments.
		The municipality is still in charge of managing all 66 school’s garbage collection, with an allocation from the Education Department.
	www.puertorico-herald.org /issues/2002/vol6n17/CBMunicipAuton-en.shtml (2829 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mexico - State Government - Local Government \| Mexican Information Resource
		Municipal governments are responsible for a variety of public services, including water and sewerage; street lighting; cleaning and maintenance; public safety and traffic; supervision of slaughterhouses; and the maintenance of parks, gardens, and cemeteries.
		Municipalities are also free to assist state and federal governments in the provision of elementary education, emergency fire and medical services, environmental protection, and the maintenance of historical landmarks.
		Municipal governments, headed by a mayor or municipal president (regente) and a municipal council (ayuntamiento), are popularly elected for three-year terms.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/mexico/mexico90.html (805 words)

	PUERTO RICO REPORT: The Real Problem With Island Mayors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Municipal Autonomy Act of 1989 was supposed to alleviate this problem by spinning off powers held by the central government to municipal governments.
		Part of the reason for the slow pace that municipalities are becoming autonomous is that the requirements for achieving the status are difficult -- especially for small towns.
		It's one of the reasons that town meetings are so sparsely attended by the public, which allows municipal council members, usually elected on the same ticket as the mayor, to be nothing more than a rubber stamp for the mayor's initiatives -- regardless of their worth.
	www.puertorico-herald.org /issues/2002/vol6n23/PRR0623-en.shtml (989 words)

	CAPACITY BUILDING FOR DECENTRALIZATION IN INDNESIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The same notion is reiterated in the Law of Municipalities, which states in Article 1 that the Municipality shall be organized and function through popular participation for the conduct and protection of the interests of its inhabitants and the nation.
		Article 2 of the same law affirms that municipal autonomy is a foundation for the exercise of democracy through the free and direct participation of the people.
		Popular Municipal Advisory Councils are often favored by towns where Sandinistas dominate the local council, but are not much used elsewhere, and tend to duplicate the efforts of similar committees set up by the ministries of Health and Education under their programs for decentralized services.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~cbdi/modules/tm9.html (4746 words)

	The Finnish Local Government Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Municipal boards shall be responsible for the administration and financial management of local authorities, and for preparing, executing and watching over the legality of council decisions.
		The municipal board or some other municipal authority specified in the standing order shall when necessary issue those representing the local authority on the administrative organs of various corporations, establishments and foundations with instructions on the local authority's position vis-à-vis the matters to be dealt with.
		The municipal manager shall be entitled to speak on behalf of the municipal board and to obtain information from municipal authorities and view documents, unless the provisions regarding confidentiality require otherwise.
	wwwold.kuntaliitto.fi /english/law.htm (2330 words)

	The paper of Nicolas Schmitt at the Conference "Federalism: Russian and Swiss Perspectives"
		The municipality of origin is not the place where the Swiss was born neither the place where he currently lives, but the place where his ancestors have acquired the citizenship.
		Moreover, merging the municipalities moves the citizens away from their local roots, what is not suitable during this period of globalisation and lack of local identity.
		Concerning political municipalities, their organisation and tasks are defined in every canton globally by the cantonal constitution, but in concrete terms by the cantonal law.
	federalmcart.ksu.ru /conference/konfer3/shmit.htm (7726 words)

	H-France Reviews
		The Paris municipal council and mayoralty, both dissolved in the aftermath of the Terror in 1795, were not reestablished; instead, their functions were replaced by the Conseil général of the Seine and by the prefects of police and the Seine.
		Although later municipal reforms (most notably in 1834 and 1871) recreated a municipal council elected by universal manhood suffrage, Paris throughout the Third (and Fourth) Republics was denied a mayor and real municipal autonomy.
		The average municipal councilor during the early Third Republic assumed his mandate at a significantly younger age than in previous regimes (44 years versus 50) and about a third successfully used their council position to ascend to national elected office in the senate or chamber of deputies (pp.
	www.h-france.net /vol4reviews/turner.html (1652 words)

	UNDP-POGAR: Country Index: Decentralization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		During the civil war, municipal governments lost much of their power and independence as decision-making became centralized and many public services were eliminated or privatized.
		Most municipal governments are not functional because they cannot collect revenues or provide services; most municipal projects have been assumed by the central government or private industry.
		Most of this funding comes from fees and tariffs collected by the municipalities; taxes collected by the central government for municipalities, fees collected by private institutions that are transferred to municipalities, and tariffs and fees collected by the central government and then transferred to local institutions.
	www.pogar.org /countries/decentralization.asp?cid=9 (681 words)

	1998 Alberta Court of Appeal Decision
		It seeks a declaration that school boards, as well as other forms of local government, have limited reasonable autonomy in areas exclusively of local concern, which includes a guarantee for parents of a minimum level of local democratic participation in the control and management of the schools in which their children are taught.
		The answer is said to depend upon the degree of local autonomy exercised by municipal institutions, and in particular by school boards, at the time of Confederation in 1867.
		Experts called by PSBAA found strong evidence of a high degree of autonomy in local school boards prior to Confederation, and that it was this model that the Framers of the Constitution had in mind.
	www.public-schools.ab.ca /Public/law/issue2.htm (3341 words)

	A Charter for the People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Many municipalities are attracted to the Charter option as it would achieve the same degree of autonomy as a full-fledged Constitutional amendment and could be fine-tuned to the particular circumstances of an individual municipality.
		The population of those municipalities is equal to that of the new City of Toronto yet the suburban belt remains divided into twenty-eight units of municipal government.
		This Association represents 90% of the 447 municipalities in Ontario and 98% of the provincial population (Moyle, 2001).
	www.yorku.ca /rkeil/toronto_charter.htm (11612 words)

	[No title]
		There is a problem of turnover in municipal staff, due to low salaries and the fact that the local government is very important “political booty”.
		There is a need for a municipal civil service law to protect municipal employees (although some doubt that this would be effective without a change in the political culture)..
		Its objectives are to influence the development of policies that affect local development, contribute to developing citizen participation, strengthen municipal autonomy, promote decentralization, and support the formulation of local development strategies.
	www.iadb.org /regions/re2/cabilica/cna_NI.doc (2105 words)

	The National Academy of Public Administration
		The level of local autonomy may be very narrow, as is typical of administrative decentralization within a central government's field network of administrative agencies, or the level of autonomy may be nearly complete, as in municipalities which have been granted substantial authority to make and implement policy.
		Legally, municipal taxation and expenditure is closely controlled by state constitutions and state statutes, and it is common to find a variety of constraints, including accounting and reporting requirements, debt limitations, and caps or lids on local tax rates (ACIR, 1993b).
		The ability of a municipality to engage in economic development activity is a function of several factors, including resource base, quality of leadership, organized plans and activities, and available instruments of public action.
	www.napawash.org /aa_federal_system/98_national_local.html (7421 words)

	The Institute for Urban Economics \| Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The fiscal autonomy of municipalities steadily decreased during the study period.
		Expenditure budgets of municipalities continue to be almost fully regulated by federal laws limiting local autonomy in determining the volume and structure of public services to be provided.
		For municipalities these reforms imply the need to review their revenue and expenditure policies, further develop their budget planning methods and form such financial departments in municipalities that will be capable to respond to challenges set by the federal and regional governments.
	www.urbaneconomics.ru /eng/publications.php?folder_id=4&mat_id=11&from=fp&page_id=72 (567 words)

	Saint-Louis (Municipality, Haut-Rhin, France) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The city of Saint-Louis was founded in 1684 by king Louis XIV and placed under the patronage of king Saint Louis (Louis IX), upon request of the inhabitants of the city (royal decree from 28 November 1684).
		The municipal flag of Saint-Louis is a banner of the municipal arms, whose history was related by Christian Wilsdorf, former Director of the Departmental Archives of Haut-Rhin, in Les armoiries de Saint-Louis, Memento municipal # 7 (1969-1970).
		The first version of the municipal arms was heraldically incorrect, since an horizontal stripe of gold had been placed on the fleur-de-lys.
	fotw.vexillum.com /flags/fr-68-sl.html (446 words)

	Public Participation in Western Europe
		A 1992 survey shows that 82% support municipal autonomy and democracy, though only 51% are interested in national politics and follow it actively.
		Following a 15 year decline in municipal and national voting, a nation-wide participation project was begun in February 1997 to increase citizen participation and influence on government decisions; legal obstacles to participation have been removed.
		The Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities surveyed municipalities early in 1998 and found a wide range of methods being used to inform citizens and obtain their views; municipal web pages and email were rapidly rising in use, since 25% of Finns use the Internet weekly.
	www.islandnet.com /connor/ppeurope/finland.html (722 words)

	Encyclopedia: Local government
		The question of Municipal Autonomy - which powers the local government has, or should have, and why - is a key question of public administration and governance.
		Common names for local government entities include state, province, region, department, county, district, city, township, town, borough, parish, municipality, shire and village.
		A municipality or general-purpose district (compare with: special-purpose district) is an administrative local area generally composed of a clearly defined territory and commonly referring to a city, town, or village government.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Local-government (2214 words)

	lmaorganization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Elected and appointed municipal officials must understand federal, state, and local issues that affect their ability to govern, as well as keep informed of every development that directly or indirectly impacts their village, town, or city.
		Since 1926, the Louisiana Municipal Association (LMA) has existed to provide a broad range of services to the state’s incorporated municipalities – whose elected officials and administrators benefit from a rich array of informational services and activities, which enhance their ability to govern responsibly.
		LMA brings together municipal leaders in the active pursuit for solutions to common problems, discussion of federal and state policies to resolve pressing issues, and dialogue with federal and state policymakers to improve the system of government at all levels and expand municipal-government autonomy.
	www.lamunis.org /lmaorgan.htm (748 words)

	Great French Revolution: XV
		Dijon had preserved, besides the municipal tribunals, six ecclesiastical courts--"the bishopric, the chapter, the monks of Saint-Bénigne, La Sainte-Chapelle, La Chartreuse and the commandery of La Madeleine." All of these were waxing fat in the midst of the half-starved people.
		The people had already a grudge against the municipal council for their slowness in communicating to the people's "representatives "--that is, to the electors-the results of their deliberations over the cahier de doléances, the "writ of grievances," drawn up by the poorer classes.
		They compelled the municipality to reduce the price of bread, or else they took possession of the monopolists' storehouses and carried off the grain; they sacked the houses of those who were known to have trafficked in the price of bread-stuffs.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/frenchrev/xv.html (3350 words)

	Review of the municipal finance development in Russia in 1992-2002
		The study first analyzes the process of the reform of the Russian municipal fiscal system following the collapse of the Soviet Union.
		The paper argues that these laws were of particular importance for restructuring fiscal relations in the country as a whole, but they failed to set forth principles of reasonable financial autonomy for local governments.
		borrowing policies and practices of municipalities remain undeveloped; budget loans and short-term bank loans to cover deficit remain the main forms of municipal borrowing; there is little evidence of the use of long- term debt to finance investment projects
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC15197.htm (411 words)

	MUNEE - the Municipal Network for Energy Efficiency - About MUNEE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Municipal Network for Energy Efficiency (MUNEE) program allows Eastern European and Eurasian municipalities to implement cost-saving energy-efficiency improvements in heating and water systems, residential structures, and municipal buildings — particularly schools and hospitals.
		MUNEE is working with its in-country partners and municipal associations to promote national policy reform that will increase municipal autonomy and create incentives to reduce energy waste.
		The Alliance has created a MUNEE Database comprised of all ministries, municipal entities, non-governmental organizations, business and trade associations, and professional organizations that are active in the development of energy efficiency policies and programs in the region.
	www.munee.org /go.idecs?i=2 (797 words)

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