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	Weekly Worker 346 Thursday July 27 2000
		Nationalisation of the land, as opposed to its municipalisation (favoured by the Mensheviks), will be further elaborated upon in terms of its place in Marxism, along with the dispute over land and the danger of counterrevolutionary restoration which bitterly divided the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks even at their 1906 'Unity' Congress in Stockholm.
		Exactly why the Bolsheviks lambasted the Menshevik's best case scenario of 'municipalisation' of the land and their fallback position of 'individual ownership' in the event of the revolution stalling or being thrown back (see part one of this article Weekly Worker July 20).
		Furthermore, because, in defence of municipalisation, some Mensheviks, notably Pyotr Maslov, handed over opposition to private ownership to the peasant parties, it was all the more necessary to establish the programme of land nationalisation on firm theoretical foundations.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/346/land&bolshevism2.html (3875 words)

	Lenin: 1907/agrprogr: 8. Some Examples of the Muddle Caused by Municipalisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		What confusion the “municipalisation” programme has created in the minds of Social-Democrats and to what a helpless position it has reduced our propagandists and agitators can be seen from the following curious cases.
		The transfer of all the land to state ownership is nationalisation of the land, and we cannot conceive of the land being disposed of other wise than through local self-governing bodies acting within the limits of a general state law.
		Nevertheless, propaganda is being carried on among the masses that ignores the decision of the Congress!
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1907/agrprogr/ch04s8.htm (936 words)

	Report on the Unity Congress
		Municipalisation means you can have the allotment land gratis, but for the landed estates you must pay rent to the Zemstvo.
		Municipalisation will be harmful if made conditional on "democracy" in general, and not specifically on a republic and the election of government officials by the people.
		Municipalisation means transferring the land to the local authorities, to the self-government bodies.
	marx2mao.phpwebhosting.com /Lenin/RUC06.html (19443 words)

	Republic of Estonia Principles of Ownership Reform Act (consolidated text June 2002)
		Municipalisation means transfer of property into the ownership of a rural municipality or a city or into the joint ownership of such local governments in the course of ownership reform with or without a privatisation obligation.
		(1) An object of municipalisation is property owned by the state the transfer of which to a local government is necessary for performance of its functions and the retention of which in state ownership is not in the public interest or the privatisation of which through a local government is justified.
		(2) The municipalisation of the assets specified in subsection 21 (1) of this Act is terminated on 1 November 1997.
	www.legaltext.ee /text/en/X1062K7.htm (8151 words)

	Agrarian Prog . . . First Russian Revolution - pt. 2
		Under municipalisation, however, a return to the old form of landownership is easier, because municipalisation perpetuates the "pale of settlement", the boundary that separates medieval landownership from the new, municipalised form.
		This actually existing municipalisation involves the caste and regional isolation of the peasants, who are split up by differences in the size of holdings, amount of taxes paid, and terms of medieval land tenure as a reward for service, and so forth.
		It is municipalisation, and it alone, that is guilty of the sin referred to here, for it alone rivets the land to individual regions.
	www.marx2mao.com /Lenin/APFR07ii.html (17548 words)

	The Agrarian Question
		Secondly, if we accept the "municipalisation" slogan we must at once raise it among the people and at once explain to the peasants that the land for which they are fighting, which they want to seize, is not to become their property, but the property of local government bodies.
		Of course, if the Party enjoys great influence among the peasants they may agree with it, but, needless to say, the peasants will no longer fight with their previous ardour, and this will be extremely harmful for the present revolution.
		As you see, "municipalisation of the land" is also unacceptable.
	ciml.250x.com /archive/stalin/est1906_1.html (3400 words)

	Lenin: The Agrarian Programme of Social-Democracy in the Russian Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		And in that case it is essential clearly to realise the kind of victory, the kind of path of agrarian capitalism, the kind of system of relations in landownership, which correspond to that victory of the “peasant agrarian revolution”.
		The main argument of the most influential “municipalisers” in Stockholm was based on the assertion that the peasants are hostile to the nationalisation of the allotment lands.
		The Minutes of the Stockholm Congress are clear evidence of the fact that the Mensheviks, in defending municipalisation, are flirting with the Fabian “municipal socialism” existing in Europe.
	www.marxists.org.uk /archive/lenin/works/1908/jul/18.htm (7126 words)

	Municipality of East Bolton - Council Meetings and Commitees
		Following a petition from citizens of Mine Road, the committee has been working mainly on the municipalisation of private roads, resulting in a draft by-law which will eventually be presented to council for adoption.
		A notice of motion was given of the adoption of a by-law closing the Du Rocher Road.
		A notice of motion was given of the adoption of a by-law bearing on the procedure to follow and the criteria surrounding the municipalisation of private roads.
	www.boltonest.ca /english/coucil_archives/march06.htm (432 words)

	Lenin: An Appeal to the Party by Delegates to the Unity Congress Who Belonged to the Former ’Bolshevik’ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Municipalisation means peasant ownership of allotment land and the renting by the peasants of the landed estates transferred to the Zemstvos.
		Municipalisation would be a serious democratic reform only in the event of a complete democratic revolution, if a republican regime were established and if government officials were elected by the people.
		these conditions municipalisation, as a liberal bureaucratic reform, will give the peasants something very different from what they require, and at the same time it will give new strength, new influence to the bourgeois anti-proletarian elements which dominate the Zemstvos.
	www.marxists.org.uk /archive/lenin/works/1906/apr/26.htm (2454 words)

	Concerning the Agrarian Question
		And is the division of the land reactionary?
		Evidently, he imagines that municipalisation, division of the land and similar questions are questions of principle; the Party, however, puts the agrarian question on an altogether different basis.
		Neither nationalisation nor the division of the land contradicts the abolition of the remnants of serfdom and the development of capitalism; but that does not mean that there is no difference between them, that the advocate of municipalisation should at the same time advocate nationalisation and the division of the land!
	www.marx2mao.com /Stalin/CAQ06.html (1272 words)

	AN PHOBLACHT/REPUBLICAN NEWS
		The next step was to be municipalisation, making the municipalities [equivalent to small counties] responsible for the provision of education.
		So far this change has been blocked by teachers, who point out that poorer municipalities would have to charge parents in order to provide schools, putting primary education out of reach for many in regions where it is common not to make it to secondary school, but it is still on the cards.
		Strike demands include the cancellation of the 1992 decree and abandoning the municipalisation plans, along with a commitment to maintaining free education.
	republican-news.org /archive/2000/June08/08worl.html (1541 words)

	The Unity Congress of the R.S.D.L.P.
		But if this condition does not arise, municipalisation will still prove to be a fiction; in those circumstances it can be carried out only as possibly a new form of compensation.
		Without this condition restoration is inevitable, whether we have municipalisation, or nationalisation, or division of the land: for under each and every form of possession and property the small proprietor will always be a bulwark of restoration.
		Municipalisation, on the contrary, narrows the field of the nation-wide class struggle, for it does not free all production relations in agriculture from absolute rent, and it cuts up our general demands into particular demands.
	marx2mao.phpwebhosting.com /Lenin/UC06.html (8812 words)

	Lenin: 1907/agrprogr: 7. Municipalisation of the Land and Municipal Socialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Marxism permits nationalisation to be included in the programme of a bourgeois revolution because nationalisation is a bourgeois measure, because absolute rent hinders the development of capitalism; private ownership of the land is a hindrance to capitalism.
		But to include the municipalisation of the big estates in the programme of the bourgeois revolution, Marxism must be remodelled into Fabian intellectualist opportunism.
		It is this anti-proletarian spirit that municipalisation introduces into the programme of the bourgeois agrarian revolution; for, despite the deeply fallacious opinion of the Mensheviks, municipalisation does not extend and sharpen the class, struggle, but,.
	www.marxists.org /archive/lenin/works/1907/agrprogr/ch04s7.htm (1442 words)

	WEP-Russia
		The Law introduced the indexation of educational institutions’ budgets in accordance with the inflation rate, and it established tax reductions for enterprises, institutions, organizations, and physical persons (including foreign ones) investing in education.
		The on-going process of municipalisation and autonomisation will lead to an increased role of local budgets in the financing of education.
		Further municipalisation of pre-school establishments, as well as a switch to multi-level financing of institutions for primary, professional secondary and all levels of teachers education, was expected to raise the local budgets share in educational expenditure from the actual 65% to 75% by the year 2000.
	www.wes.org /ca/wedb/russia/rsedov.htm (588 words)

	[No title]
		Even in Russia where -- owing to the economic backwardness of the country and the preponderance of a peasant population weighed down by the relics of serfdom -- non-Marxist socialism has naturally held its ground longest of all, it is plainly passing into revisionism before our very eyes.
		Both in the agrarian question (the programme of the municipalisation of all land) and in general questions of programme and tactics, our Social-Narodniks are more and more substituting "amendments" to Marx for the moribund and obsolescent remnants of their old system, which in its own way was integral and fundamentally hostile to Marxism.
		It is continuing the struggle, no longer on its own independent ground, but on the general ground of Marxism, as revisionism.
	www.usao.edu /~usao-ids3223/lenin.txt (2350 words)

	Private and Public Enterprise in Europe - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		It examines the role that private and public enterprise have played in the construction and operation of the railways, electricity, gas and water supply, tramways, coal, oil and natural gas industries, telegraph, telephone, computer networks and other modern telecommunications.
		The book begins with the arrival of the railways in the 1830s, charts the development of arms' length regulation, municipalisation and nationalisation, and ends on the eve of privatisation in the 1980s.
		Robert Millward argues that the role of ideology, especially in the form of debates about socialism and capitalism, has been exaggerated.
	www.cambridge.org /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0511126557 (306 words)

	Housing and regeneration: the problem or the solution. \| Economics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		One result of this approach was to reduce the importance of housing in the economy of central urban areas, while at the same time generating one-tenure localities often with limited community services.
		In the 1970s policies changed to ones of rehabilitating the existing stock and, to a limited extent, improving the immediate localities through Housing Action and General Improvement Areas, undertaken by means of improvement grants to private owners as well as municipalisation and local authority investment.
		The Right to Buy and other privatisation policies have returned much of this stock to the private sector while leaving in municipal hands most of the large estates and high rise blocks.
	www.allbusiness.com /periodicals/article/352534-1.html (786 words)

	Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		In the coalition politics which has become the new norm in New Delhi, the legitimate demands of the States on the foreign policy front can no longer be ignored.
		State Governments and other regional and local forces are now part of a broader trend of "municipalisation of foreign policy." Amidst these pressures the new government should engage in problem-solving measures with the neighbours.
		Challenges with Pakistan: The Indian Government insists that there is some way to go before it sits down at the negotiating table with Pakistan.
	www.ipcs.org /ipcs/printDebate.jsp?kValue=25 (3238 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of The History Of The Fabian Society, by Edward R. Pease.
		Joseph Chamberlain was so careful of the interests of the public, so strict in the limitations it put upon the possible profits to the investor, that electric lighting was blocked in England for some years, and the Act had to be modified in order that capital might be attracted.
		What the Fabian Society did was to point out that Socialism did not necessarily mean the control of all industry by a centralised State; that to introduce Socialism did not necessarily require a revolution because much of it could be brought about piecemeal by the votes of the local electors.
		Moreover, it may be questioned whether the Fabian advocacy of municipalisation hastened or retarded that process in London.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/1/3/7/1/13715/13715-h/13715-h.htm (16862 words)

	Comte and Dunoyer Chap. 7
		Edgar Allix argues that Dunoyer abandoned the liberal anti-statism which he had inherited from Jean-Baptiste Say in the late-1810s in order to adopt what Allix has called "the rehabilitation of the state" in his struggle against socialism.
		It is true that some of the more extreme anti-statist, even anarchist statements (such as the one I quoted at length in the chapter dealing with Dunoyer's view of the "municipalisation of the world") were removed in the later edition.
		But I would argue that this shows that Dunoyer moved back into the liberal mainstream in the 1840s and 1850s in which strict and limited government was advocated (with the notable exception of Molinari who continued to develop the liberal radicalism of the early Comte and Dunoyer).
	homepage.mac.com /dmhart/ComteDunoyer/Ch7.html (9085 words)

	10. A Responsive Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Project-base funding has its place, but a purely project-based funding system will lead to the long-term decline of the voluntary sector.
		We will also reverse the trend that Labour has introduced towards creeping municipalisation in the guise of "partnership" funding.
		Partnership means working together other, not bidding to control them.
	gwydir.demon.co.uk /camlibdems/elect98/man98_10.htm (252 words)

	Airstrip One by Emmanuel Goldstein
		During this time he was a councillor on Islington in charge of the housing policy (this was before Tony Blair moved to the benighted borough) when he made national headlines with his decision to ban pets from all council housing.
		At the same time he was responsible for a "municipalisation" policy whereby the council would buy every house in the borough that came on the market with the explicit aim of ending private ownership of housing in the borough.
		This position went far beyond Karl Marx, who limited himself to common ownership of the factors of production, distribution and exchange.
	www.antiwar.com /goldstein/g061101.html (1301 words)

	Don't Vote, Organise! -anarchism and elections
		Thus Bookchin sees Libertarian Muncipalism as a process by which the state can be undermined by using elections as the means of creating popular assemblies.
		Part of this process, he argues, would be the "municipalisation of property" which would "bring the economy as a whole into the orbit of the public sphere, where economic policy could be formulated by the entire community." [Op.
		Bookchin considers Libertarian Muncipalism as the key means of creating an anarchist society, and argues that those anarchists who disagree with it are failing to take their politics seriously.
	anarchism.ws /writers/anarcho/vote.html (8910 words)

	Forum on colonialism from Kanehsatake to Haiti - Anarchist People of Color (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		It has become increasingly clear that a pivotal struggle is being waged in Kanehsatake which gravely threatens Indigenous self-determination throughout the occupied territories of canada.
		Central to the state's current strategy in undermining Aboriginal sovereignty is the municipalisation of Indigenous territories, a process of legal maneuvering which, in effect, gives canada sole control over and ownership of these territories.
		In Kanehsatake, a significant piece of legislation that follows this policy of legalized genocide is Bill S-24, the "Kanesatake Land Based Governance Act", which James Gabriel signed without community consent, despite its far-reaching consequences.
	www.illegalvoices.org /apoc_blog/current/forum_on_colonialism_from_kanehsatake_to_haiti_3.html (988 words)

	Ideals and Realities of Russian Literature: CHAPTER IV
		Such a negative and eminently sincere attitude, he maintains, would better promote the cause of true progress than any revolutionary means.
		As a first step, however, towards the abolition of modern slavery, he also recommends the nationalisation, or rather the municipalisation, of land.
		It is manifest that the works of art which he wrote during the last five-and-twenty years, after 1876, must bear deep traces of his new point of view.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/kropotkin/literature/russianlit_ch4.html (16077 words)

	Nationalisation & Socialisation
		Oppenheimer has very correctly observed in the Symposium edited by H. Beck on 'Methods and Aims of Socialisation' :
		"The illusion gains ground that the Marxist concept of 'socialisation' is being promoted step by step through the widespread characterisation of nationalisation or municipalisation of individual industrial enterprises as a form of socialisation.
		It is for this reason also that an otherwise incomprehensible and mysterious emphasis is placed upon 'mature enterprises...'.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Aegean/6579/part3.htm (1319 words)

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