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Topic: Municipalities of Estonia

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	Municipalities of Estonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Municipality (est: omavalitsus) is the smallest administrative subdivision of Estonia.
		Municipalities in Estonia are of two types: urban municipalities, or towns (est: linnad, sg.
		Municipalities are ranging in size from Tallinn with 400 000 inhabitants to Ruhnu with as few as 60.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Municipalities_of_Estonia (351 words)

	Estonia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Estonia regained its independence on August 20, 1991, with the Singing Revolution and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
		Estonia is a constitutional democracy, with a president elected by its unicameral parliament (elections every four years).
		Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising east European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 m, and the country's highest point is the Suur Munamägi in the southeast (318 m).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Estonia (1483 words)

	Estonia biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north, and sharing a land border with its fellow Baltic state Latvia to the south and with Russia to the east.
		Estonia is a constitutional democracy, with a president elected by its unicameral parliament (elections every five years).
		Estonia completed most of its preparations for EU membership by the end of 2002 and now has one of the strongest economies of the new members states of the European Union, which Estonia joined on 1 May 2004.
	estonia.biography.ms (922 words)

	» Tartu : Estonia :: Europe Travel Guide :: Travel to Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Viljandi County : Estonia Viljandi County or Viljandimaa (Estonian: Viljandi maakond or Viljandimaa) is a County or maakond of Estonia.
		Rapla County : Estonia Rapla County, or Rapla maakond, is a County or maakond of Estonia.
		Põlva County : Estonia Põlvamaa is a county of Estonia.
	europe.traveltoworld.com /europe-travel-guide/578/tartu-estonia (594 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of cities in Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rakvere (Wesenbergh in German) is a town in North Estonia, county seat of Lääne-Viru County, 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland.
		Rapla is a city in Estonia, the centre of the Rapla County and the rural municipality of Rapla.
		The counties of Estonia Estonia consists of 15 counties (maakond).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-cities-in-Estonia (503 words)

	Encyclopedia: List of subnational entities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Provinces of Belgium, Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, ISO 3166-2:BE
		A County (est: Maakond) is an administrative subdivision of Estonia.
		The municipalities (kunta in Finnish, kommun in Swedish) represent the local level of self government in Finland and also act as the basic regional administrative units of the country.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-subnational-entities (5860 words)

	Estonia (10/05)
		Estonia maintains an embassy in the United States at 2131 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20008 (tel: [1] (202) 588-0101; fax: [1] (202) 588-0108).
		Estonia also boasts a national currency that is freely convertible at a fixed exchange rate, and conservative fiscal and monetary policies.
		Estonia also is represented in the United States by a Consulate General in New York and three Honorary Consuls: Jaak Treiman in Los Angeles, Mart Kask in Seattle, and Scott E. Schul in Maine.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5377.htm (5524 words)

	Fiscal Situation of Baltic Municipalities By Viktor Trasberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Municipalities in all three Baltic countries have limited fiscal resources to fulfill their main functions, and thus remain highly dependent on the central authorities.
		In Estonia and Latvia, local municipalities receive a substantial share of their income in the form of central government grants as specific or general (equalization) fiscal transfers.
		In Estonia and Latvia, reforms have focused on consolidating small municipalities into larger units to secure a tax base and fiscal autonomy, as well as to maintain their functions with fewer central government grants.
	www.worldbank.org /transitionnewsletter/julaugsep02/pgs70-71.htm (643 words)

	The Population of the Major Cities and Agglomerations of Countries in Europe
		The counties of Denmark and all Danish municipalities exceeding 20,000 inhabitants (27+17kb).
		The counties of Norway and all municipalities exceeding 20,000 inhabitants (21+46kb).
		The provinces of Sweden and all municipalities exceeding 20,000 inhabitants (42+38kb).
	www.citypopulation.de /Europe.html (828 words)

	» Pärnu : Estonia :: Europe Travel Guide :: Travel to Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Municipalities There are 4 urban municipalities (est: linnad - towns) and 19 rural municipalities (est: vallad - parishes) in the county.
		Rapla Travel : Estonia Rapla is a city in Estonia, the centre of the Rapla County and the rural municipality of Rapla.
		Rakvere Travel: Estonia Rakvere (Wesenberg in German) is a town in North Estonia, county seat of Lääne-Viru County, 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland.
	europe.traveltoworld.com /europe-travel-guide/592/parnu-estonia (445 words)

	Välisministeerium : Estonian Review: October 14 - 20, 2002
		She said Estonia's accession negotiations with the EU must be so successful that the people would vote in favour of EU membership.
		Estonia and the European Union agreed on a transitional period until the end of 2015 for the implementation of the directive on the limitation of emissions of certain pollutants into the air from large combustion plants.
		Estonia had reached a number of agreements to improve the situation of its Russian-speaking population, but some of the important issues, such as a plan to stop giving state-financed high school education in Russian from the year 2007, continued to be a matter of concern, he said.
	www.vm.ee /eng/kat_137/2953.html (2541 words)

	REC: Environmental Technology Market - Baltics: Estonia, part 3
		Municipalities tend to rely on the local budget for the majority of environmental investments (contributing 28 percent of financing), while the state environmental fund also makes a significant contribution to expenditures.
		Estonia's preparation for membership is now progressing on the basis of the Free Trade Agreement in place since October 1, 1997, and the European Parliament's decision of December 16, 1997 to include Estonia in the first group of countries to start negotiations for full EU membership by March 1998.
		Town governments (47) together with municipal governments form the local governments (or self-governments), whereas the county governments are essentially an extension of the state role at the regional level.
	www.rec.org /REC/Publications/ETSurvey_Baltic/FeeBased/Estonia3.html (4152 words)

	[No title]
		In these countries a law makes municipalities responsible for providing all pupils, who are residents of the municipality, with education regardless of their abilities.
		In the third model, funding is not delegated to municipalities but to a higher level of aggregation, such as regions, provinces, counties, prefectures, school clusters etc. Special needs education is financed indirectly by central government through other layers which have the main responsibility for special provision.
		Systems where the municipalities decide on the basis of information from school support or advisory centres, and where the allocation of more funds to segregated settings directly influences the amount of funds for mainstream schools, seem to be very effective in terms of achieving inclusion.
	www.european-agency.org /publications/agency_publications/SNE_europe/downloads/ThematicPublication_English.doc (16237 words)

	Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Republic of Estonia is a country in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the north.
		However, the upper classes and the higher middle class remained primarily Baltic German until roughly 1918; the Germans who had stayed then were either forced by Hitler or later Stalin to leave during or after the end of World War II.
		Estonia has the highest practical rate of literacy in the world.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Estonia.htm (1263 words)

	REC: Environmental Technology Market - Baltics: Estonia, part 1
		Estonia has been also been very successful in attracting foreign assistance, with some 35-40 percent of investments financed by international loans and grants.
		According to OECD statistics, Estonia is one of the largest recipients in Central and Eastern Europe of international environmental aid (grants and loans) (OECD, 1995).
		Municipalities are generally the major end-users as they are responsible for potable water, wastewater, waste management and heating systems.
	www.rec.org /REC/Publications/ETSurvey_Baltic/Estonia1.html (1063 words)

	Terms of References for the ISPA waste projects evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While the current case study is about municipal landfills, the biggest source of waste in Estonia is oil shale mining and oil shale energetics which produces roughly 90% of the annual waste generated in Estonia.
		The North-West Estonia Waste Management project was included in the national environmental ISPA pipeline in 2002, although it did not yet refer to a specific location.
		The local municipality kept a rather low profile in the process, being worried by the firm resistance of the population, but still silently supporting the project.
	www.bankwatch.org /publications/studies/2004/estonia_aasmae_06-04.htm (3332 words)

	Country Profile - Estonia
		The Parliament of Estonia ratified the Convention on May 11, 1994 and the Act on Ratification of the UNFCCC was declared by the President on May 26, 1994.
		Estonia was assisted in the preparation of its communication by the United States in the framework of the programme "US Support for Country Studies to Address Climate Change".
		With the re-establishment of independence in Estonia, revision of all the plans proved necessary and as a result, decisions were made on their validity or annulment.
	www.un.org /esa/earthsummit/eston-cp.htm (9697 words)

	Environment: Partnerships to reduce greenhouse emissions in the Baltic
		And because most of the boilers are owned by municipalities, each operates in a near monopoly with a guaranteed customer base for the heat that is generated.
		Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia have a number of other reasons to be receptive to the idea of biomass conversions.
		Consequently, Estonia's forest reserves have grown significantly over the last 50 years to the point that today they represent a major unexploited asset.(14) The Estonian government asked international experts for help in developing the new biomass-focused energy regime.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1076/is_n6_v38/ai_18664165 (1147 words)

	Tartu - Art History Online Reference and Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Tartu was a commercial centre of considerable importance during the later Middle Ages and also a member of the Hanseatic League and capital of the independent Bishopric of Dorpat.
		As in all of Estonia and Latvia, beginning with the German Sword Brethren in the 12th century, a largely German nobility had a great impact on the culture, religion, architecture, education and politics until the middle of the 20th century.
		For example, the town hall of Dorpat, as it was then called, was built by a German from the city of Rostock and the main university building was built by yet another man from Germany.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Tartu (911 words)

	Estonia Counties
		Modern Estonia corresponds to the Russian government (guberniya) of Estonia, plus the northern part of the government of Livonia, as they stood in 1900.
		Estonia was occupied by the army of the Soviet Union in 1940, and became a constituent republic of the U.S.S.R., the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, on 1940-08-06.
		Estonia once again proclaimed its independence, this time from a disintegrating Soviet Union, on 1991-08-20.
	www.statoids.com /uee.html (511 words)

	Statistical office of Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The electronic publication presents the results of the 2000 Population Census by settlements of rural municipalities — cities without municipal status, towns, small towns and villages.
		Comparisions are drawn with the 1989 Census data which have been presented in the borders of the rural municipalities in the year 2000.
		Addressed to the staff of municipalities and the other users interested in the development of settlement system.
	www.stat.ee /orb.aw?class=document&action=print§ion=122521 (106 words)

	National Policies Concerning Lifelong Learning - Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While the general objective of the economic reform is to improve Estonia’s export performance, one specific task is to develop and support small- and medium-sized enterprises, by establishing business advisory centres.
		Trade unions are emerging in Estonia to represent and protect the economic and social interests of workers and to pursue the development of appropriate legislation.
		The economic growth in Estonia was 5.2% in 1st quarter, 7.4% in 2nd quarter and according to preliminary estimates 6.9% in the 3rd quarter.
	www.logos-net.net /ilo/150_base/en/topic_n/t14_est.htm (8317 words)

	ERM.COM > Case Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In a world of increasingly decentralised water and environmental service management, municipalities often find themselves out of their depth in terms of the technical and management capabilities required to attract funds, and then to manage infrastructure developments.
		In each country, ERM is collaborating with a local training partner institution to develop tailored courses designed to deepen the municipality's technical and managerial skills base (See Attachment 1 for the course structure currently being prepared in Lithuania, including detailed aims and objectives for the course as a whole and each individual sessions).
		This is being backed up with practical assistance to one municipality in each country, working alongside staff in addressing the more difficult issues as they prepare a specific project for funding (See Attachment 2 for an overview of the practical assistance provided to Trikata municipality in Latvia).
	www.erm.com /ERM/Svc/ID.NSF/(Page_Name_Web)/CaseStudies_TheBalticStates(Latvia,LithuaniaandEstonia)Strengtheningcapacityinenvironmentalprojectdevelopment.FortheUKDepartmentforInternationalDevelopment,2000-ongoing. (250 words)

	Chair of Human Geography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The main task of the Chair of Human Geography is to teach spatial aspects of functioning of the human society, in particualar population, its culture and migration, regional structure of the world, problems of economics and politics, regional policies and planning, especially in Estonia and the neighbouring countries.
		The Chair is dedicated to develop cooperation with state departments and local municipalities in Estonia and also, in neighbouring countries.
		Population, settlement and economic structure of Estonia (prof.
	www.geo.ut.ee /english/inimtooleng.html (170 words)

	Ministry of the Interior - European Union, OECD and projects in neighbouring areas
		Municipalities themselves are also making a growing contribution to this interactive process.
		As part of Finnish government strategy, the Department for Municipal Affairs is implementing several projects aimed at developing local government in the areas neighbouring Finland.
		In implementing the projects, the Department for Municipal Affairs cooperates closely with the Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities, and individual municipalities are also directly involved.
	www.intermin.fi /intermin/home.nsf/pages/DBE9CEB1EEB2FDD0C2256B81004CCAB4?opendocument (273 words)

	Prime Zone Media Network
		Seriously, though, municipal governments are usually among the most independent of any jurisdiction, particularly in Western democracies and derive their revenues from vastly different and incomparable resources.
		The first study on digital governance in municipalities worldwide ranked Seoul, Hong Kong, Singapore, New York, and Shanghai as the top five cities, whilst Tallinn, Dubai, Jakarta are among the top 20 of 100 large cities worldwide.
		The survey, entitled ‘Digital Governance in Municipalities Worldwide’, was co-sponsored by the UN Division for Public Administration and Development Management and the American Society for Public Administration.
	www.andromeda.rutgers.edu /~egovinst/Website/news-clippings.htm (2820 words)

	Estonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		I have had a long discussion with the department of Estonia national symbols.
		They couldn't explain to me how it was possible this blue tone is so dark as at http://www.rk.ee/symb/.
		These flags and ensigns are more or less identical to those used by the Republic of Estonia before Soviet invasion, which are showed in Flaggenbuch ('Estland').
	www.netlinkit.dk /FOTW/flags/ee.html (674 words)

	Social Policy and Social Exclusion in the Baltic Countries
		A general assessment of the data indicated that the core problem in the implementation of a new social policy in Estonia and Latvia were implementation of national policies and legislation at the municipal, local or regional level.
		With this background we chose one county in each of the two countries, and some municipalities in the two counties.
		The case of the two municipalities of Estonia Fafo-paper 2003:1
	www.fafo.no /baltsoc (581 words)

	Sampo
		On 11 April Sampo Pank and Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau (KfW) from Germany concluded a loan agreement worth EUR 15 million on the financing of projects implemented by local municipalities in Estonia.
		The loan that is part of the program for infrastructure investments in Estonia with the EU support under the municipal finance facility is partly refinanced by the Council of Europe Development Bank (CEB).
		The loan is meant to local municipalities for the financing of long-term investments, incl.
	www.sampo.ee /eng?id=15212&aeg=1 (256 words)

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